动词的时态语态复习学案

1、学习必备欢迎下载动词的时态语态复习学案一、动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情形发生时间的各种形式；英语动词有16 种时态，但是常用的有9 种: 以 do 为例， s 表主语 一般式进行式完成式现在时s+do/doesnot+.s+am/is/arenot doings+ have/has not done过去时s+ did not +s+was/werenotdoings+ had not done将来时s+willnot+dos+ will be not doings+willnothavedone过去将来时现在完成进行时s+ should/would not + dos+ have/

2、has not been doing一一般现在时用法:1）、表示常常性、习惯性动作；句中常用often, usually, sometimes, always, every dayweek, month, year等时间状语；1. he goes to school every day. 2. they often come to school early.2）、表示现在状态；(1). they are at home. 2. the old man is 76.3）、表示客观真理；the sun is bigger than the earth.4）、在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现

3、在时表示将来； 1. if it doesn t raitnomorrow, we will go to the park.(2). when i graduate, i will go to the countryside. 二一般过去时用法:1）、通常带有确定的过去时间状语，表示过去某时间发生的事，存在的状态；这些时间状语有： yesterday,last nightweek, month, year, two daysweeks, months, years ago, in 1970, just now等.(1). did you see her just now.(2). the fi

4、rst world war broke out in 1914.2）、表示过去常常发生的动作，也可用” used to d和o1 i used to smoke.2. during the vacation i would swim in the sea.would do ；”3在 since引导的时间状语从句中, 假如主句的谓语用现在完成时,那么 since从句就要用一般过去时.(1) you haven t changemduch since we last met.(2) it has been over a year since i came back from the country

5、.学习必备欢迎下载4 其他句型 it was two months before i received his lesson. it will be two months before we meet again. it was ten oclock when he arrived home. i didnt know you were in paris.三一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态1、形式：一般将来时有如下几种表达方式1）、will/shall + v原形2）、be going to + v 原形3）、be to + v 原形4）、be about to + v原形5）、现在进行时表一般

6、将来时6）、一般现在时表一般将来时2、用法 :1）、will/shall + v原形,表单纯的将来 . will 适用于任何人称 , shall 仅限于第一人称 . eg: 1 they will be back next week.2. don t worrys,hiall/will help you.2) be going to + v 原形, 表主观上准备做某事或表将要发生的事. eg: i am going to send these letters.3) be to + v 原形,表按方案进行或征求对方看法.eg: we are to meet at the station at f

7、ive.4) be about to + v原形,表即将发生的动作,通常不与时间状语连用. eg:look. the race is about to start. i am about to speak when he rushes in.留意: miss li is about to leave the office at 5 p.m. ×5) 现在进行时表一般将来时,表按方案即将发生的动作.但只限于少数动作 如: come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, move, saileg: the train is lea

8、ving.6) 一般现在时表一般将来时,一般用于时刻表 ,不行随便转变 . 但只限于少数动作 如: come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, open, meet, stay eg: the meeting startsat five o clock.另外, 在时间和条件状语从句中, 也用一般现在时表一般将来.eg: i will tell her when she comes back.i shall come even if it rains. 四过去将来时用法:表示从过去的某时间看将来要发生的动作或存在状态；过去将来时和一般

9、将来时形式一样，只需把be 换成 was/were, shall 换成 should, will换 成 would 就行了；(1). i didn t know thawt oyuolud come.(2). she said she was going to write to her parents. 3. i was about to go out when it rained.4. i asked bob if he was leaving for nanjing. 5. if it didn t rawine would go camping.学习必备欢迎下载五现在进行时用法:1）、表

10、示说话时正在进行的动作；常与now, just now, at this moment, at presen等t词连用；(1). now, i am doing my homework.(2). watch carefully, i am making coffee.2）表示说话者的某种剧烈的感情颜色称赞,生气,厌烦,常与 always, forever 等连用.(1) you are always making the same mistake生. 气(2) she is always thinking of others instead of herself.称赞六过去进行时用法:1）、表

11、示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；如：then, at that time, at this time, this time yesterday, at midnigh等t情形下要依据语言情形进行判定；1. i was watching tv when the fire broke out. 2. what were you doing this time yesterday.；但在许多2）、当两个动作同时发生时，假如动作一样长，就两个都用进行时；假如一长一短，就用进行时表示较长的动作；1. we were having dinner when someone

12、 knocked on the door. 2. i was typing while my brother was reading.3. we were walking down the street when it began to rain.七现在完成时用法:1表示动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在存在着肯定影响；此时一般不用时间状语；1. i have read red and black. 2. i have found my pen.3. he has been to beijing.2）、表示动作开头于过去，连续到现在，或许仍会连续下去，常用for 和since表示一段时间的状语或用

13、so far, now, today, this weekmonth, year, in the pastlastfew years, lately, recently, up to now, at presen等t 1. i have worked here for ten years.(2). he has studied english since 1985.时间状语；(3). my hometown has changed a lot in the past few years.留意：表示短暂性动词如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since

14、 等表示一段时间的词连用；i have joined the army for 3 years. 错应 该 i have been in the army for 3 years.或 i joined in the army three tears ago.八过去完成时用法: 过去完成时的基本用法与现在完成时相像，所不同的是：现在完成时的动作须在现在以前完成， 过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间以前完成，就是发生在“过去的过去 ”；所以，使用过去完成时要先有一个过去的时间；学习必备欢迎下载1）、表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when

15、 等词引导的时间状语；1. i had learned 5000 words before i entered the university. 2. by the end of last year we had built five new houses. 3. when we got there the train had already left.4. i had finished my homework before supper. 2）表未实现的愿望和想法（虚拟语气）1i had meant to come, but something happened.2 i had thought

16、 you would not come.九将来完成时用法: 表将来某时之前已将完成的动作；(1) they will have been here for ten years next july.(2) i shall have finished the work before he returns. 十现在完成进行时用法: 表过去某个时间发生的动作始终连续到现在,并且可能仍要连续下去.使用的时间状语有 :this weekmonth, year, these days, recently, lately, in the past fewyears, since+时间点 , for+ 时间段(

17、1) we have been studying unit4 this week.(2) we have been learning english for six years.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区分1) 现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的连续. 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 ,而现在完成时表示动作的结果或影响.(1) i have written a letter.已写完 i have been writing a letter.仍在写 (2) we have built the house for two months.动 作可能终止 ,也可能仍要连续 we have be

18、en building the house for two months. 动作仍在进行 ,并且仍要连续下去2) 现在完成进行时的动作是连续性的动作,不能使用状态动词表感觉 ,状态,心理活动等 ,现在完成时可与短暂性动词, 连续性动词及状态动词连用.eg: i have been feeling sad for many days. ×3) 有些连续性动词如: keep, learn, study, live, stay, work等的现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区分不大.eg: i have lived / have been living here for many years.二、动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系.英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态 .主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者.e.g. 1. many people speak english.主 动语态 2. english is spoken by many people. 被一、被动语态的结构动语态 1、被动语态的结