高三英语一轮复习标准教案及习题介词连词

1、高考英语语法复习专题-介词连词一、考点聚焦1、介词的分类与语法功能（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必需与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分；介词分为：简洁介词，如at、in 、for等；合成介词， 如 within 、inside、 onto、througout 等；短语介词，如according to 、out of 、because of、by means of、in spite of 、instead of 等；双重介词， 如 from behind / above / under 、until after 等；分词介词， 如 con

2、sidering 、including 、judgingfrom / by等；常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等；如： it is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. he quarrelled with her yesterday. he succeeded in passing the final exam.i m still thinking of how i can fulfil the task ahead oftime. the professor will give us

3、a talk on how to study english well.（ 2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等；如： this machine is in good condition.表语 where is the key to my bike.定语 nothing in the world could live without air or water.状语 she always thinks herself above others.（宾补）2、介词搭配（ 1）“动词 +介词”搭配：留意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情形；rob sb. of sth. / cle

4、ar the road of snow“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用 supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供应”意义的动词与with连用） make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of 、from 、into连用）介词 + the +部位与动词的关系（=动词 +sb. s +部位，可换用）strike him on the head“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on 连用 catch him by the

5、arm“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by 连用 hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in 连用）preventstop, keepsb. from doing sth.“阻挡，禁止”意义与from 连用 persuadeadvise, warnsb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用） buy sb. for sth.leave、get 、win 、gain 、 lose等“得失”意义与for连用 tell sth.to sb.show、teach 、sing 、write、read 等“告知”意义与to 连用 give st

6、h. to sb.（ give 、allow 、promise 、 pass 、hand 等“授予”意义与to 连用）留意：可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构； say to sb.suggest、explain、apologize、 murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必需用to 不行说 suggest sb.sth.；同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同；for（查找）to sth.of听说 on拜望 look to 远眺 agree with sb. hearcall for需要 at（看）on sth.from收到信 in请同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异；reply to the

7、letter回信， singdanceto the music和, 唱（跳）， amount to达到，加起来有, ，devote to把, 奉献给，drink to为, 干杯，object to反对， look forward to期望， come to 清醒， belongto 属于， search for搜, ，ask,for,查找， use,for用作， leavefor 前往， take , for误以为， call of提倡， wait for等待， care for喜爱， make up for补偿缺失， turnto 求助（救）于，helponeselfto 随便， agree

8、to 同意， compare ,to 把 , 比 作 ， send for派人去请（拿） , ， sail for 驶向，航向， set out for 动身去， go in for 爱好, ；（ 2）常见“形容词+介词”搭配；of担忧,about / at sth. afraidangryfor替, 而担忧with sb.for sth.期望,different from与, 不同amxiousabout sth. / sb担忧,different to,不关怀 ,of厌恶with sb. tiredstrictfrom/ with因, 疲惫in sth.要求严格at善于with sb.受,

9、 欢迎good for对, 有益popular in some place流行在 , of sb. to do so 友好for因 , 而流行with +名词或 what 从句pleasedhelpful to 对 , 有帮忙at + 抽象名词（听/ 看到 , 而兴奋）to sb.为人所知knownfor 因 , 而出名be familiar with熟识as 作为 , 出名be familiar to 为 , 熟知（悉）sorry for替 , 懊悔disappointed at sth.扫兴from 缺席rich in 富有 ,absentin 离开此地去了,worthy of值得的， g

10、lad about sth. for sb. 为某人某事兴奋，far from 离 , 远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感谢某人，free from 没有, （免除 , ），proud oftake pride in 骄傲， satisfied with by 中意，sure of / about 确信， fond of 喜爱， fit for 适合，busy with sth.in doing sth. 忙着干某事， full of布满，readyfor 预备， similar to 相像， wrong with不对；有毛病,（ 3）“名词+ 介词”要留意习惯搭配和

11、意义区分；the absence of water 缺水the hope of success 胜利的期望have a chance of for entering college上高校的机会take pride in them 为他们感到骄傲the key to the question 问题的答案a medicine for cough 治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票his abesencein beijing去了北京from beijing不在北京the wayto study 学习方法of studying maths 学习教学的方法3、核心介词用法归

12、纳与辨析（ 1）表示时间的介词in 的用法如下；表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如： in the 1990s, in the year, in january, inthe winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of may； 仍可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组；如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, intime, in the morning afternoon, evening ；但要留意： at night /

13、at noon, in the day在白天 ,in the night（大夜间）； in five days（ weeks, months, years）中 in 意思是“在 , 以后”； in 和 during表一段时间内两词可互用；如：inthe night,duringthe night,in the war,during the war ；但略有区分：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during ，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in ；如：during the discussionin discussing the problem during her stay in hubeiin

14、playing basketball during the course ofin digging the tunnel（ 2）在详细的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on；on sundays.on tuesday morningon christmas day但 at chrismas,on christmas eve, on children s dayon march 8, on the morning afternoon, eveningof oct.1early on the morning of oct.1区分： in the late / early morning of o

15、ct.1 on a rainy night, on warm winter days3 表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at, 如小时、分钟等；at breakfastsupper, lunch,at sixat noon sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawnat the age of 15, at the time of war,但 in time of danger/ trouble；留意：有些时间名词前不接介词；如：next day、last sunday、that morning、these yearsone、each 、any 、ev

16、ery 、some、all修饰时 , 一般不用介词, 如 some day one day 、yesterday / afternoon,the night before（ 4） till、until、to 的用法； tilluntil与连续动词连用一般用于确定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中；如：he waited for me till twelve oclock.he didn t get up tilluntil 10 a.m.不行用 to.但留意：在句首显现或强调句型中一般不用till而用 until；如：not until 9 a.m.did mr.smith come bac

17、k to school. to 表“终结”经常用和from 连用，但要留意不与from 连用时的意义；如： from july to september, from six totilleight（从, 到, 为止） ，但 from morning till night （从早到晚） ，不能用 to ；from , to 常构成习惯搭配，不行换用其他介词； （ a）表长久连续、传递、转移的含义； from time to time 不时，有时 ，from day to day 每天 ,from hand to hand 不断传下去 ， from place to place（处处，处处） ，

18、from side to side左右摇摆 ， from door to door（家家户户） ， from house to house （挨家挨户） ， from shop to shop （一个商店接一个商店） ； b 表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化； from beginning to end 从头到尾，自始至终 （from the beginning to the end of, ） ;from hand to mouth 仅能糊口 ，from bad to worse 越来越糟 ，from head to foot 从头到脚 ,from top to bottom（整个地，

19、完全地） ， from top to toe全身 ， from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）；（ c） from one +名词 + to another表示“依次” ；如 from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）；（ d）名词 +by +同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与 from ,to短语区分开： one by one一个一个地；little by littlebit一点一点地；step by step一步一步地，逐步地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentenceby sentence 逐句地；day by day 一天一天地；

20、 sideby sidewith,和,并肩，一起； shoulderto shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;faceto face面对面；（ 5） in 、after、later in +一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在, 之内”时，用于各种时态；一段时间+ laterlater是副词 ：表示某一详细时间或某一方面详细时间算起的一段时间后； after +一段时间表示： “在, 之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即 after +点时间，用于各种时态；the doctor will be

21、with us in six minutes.she graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory. he received her letter after four weeks.另外， in +一段时间 + s + time与 within +一段时间的用法如下：in a week s time = in a weekthey will arrive inthree days time.与将来时连用 my brother s birthday is in two weeks tim

22、e.（作表语）i ll finish the book within two weeks.within = in less than,用于各种时态，不超出，在, 之内（ 6）地点介词at 、on、in 、to 、across 、through 、over 、 under 、 below ； at在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on 在, 的平面上；如at thedoor 、at the airport、at the station、at 55 park street、in china、 in the north、 in asia、on the desk、on the wall等； on、at

23、、in 仍可以表示两地相对位置；如a 地属于 b 地，用 in;a位置于 b 地的外面且有边缘连接用 on；无边缘的连接有to ；如：japan lies to the east of china.范畴之外 taiwan lies in the southeast of china.（范畴之外） hunan province lies on the west of hubei province.毗邻 the island lies off the coast of china.相隔肯定距离地点介词的引申、比如意义：in the sun在阳光下， in thedarkness在黑暗中， in t

24、hedark 不知道， in freezingweather在寒冷天气中，inthe mud在泥中， inthe earth在地下 ,inthedesert 在沙漠中 ,in a heavy rain在大雨中， in the snow / wind在雪 / 风中 ,in public当众， in trouble 在困境中， get into trouble陷入困境， out of trouble摆脱困难， beyond hope失望； across 在物体表面“穿过”；through就表示在三维空间内部“穿过”；如：they walked across the playground. i wa

25、lked through the forest. over / under / above / below；over 、above 译作“在 , 之上”；under 、below 译作“在 , 的下面”，其区分在于over 、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below 就表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不肯定是垂直 “在上”或“在下” ；如：a little boat is now under the bridge. there is a bridge over the river.the sun sinks below the horizon地平线 the window

26、 is well above the tree.表示地点介词的静态性和动态性he walked to the station（静态，表示方向和目的地）he walked towards the station.动态，只表示方向 he is kind to towardsus.（两者通用）he is at the station. 静态，表示地点they arrived at the station. 动态，表示地点 he swam away from the ship. 动态“离开” he stood away from the shop. 静态“远离” he fell onto the fl

27、oor. 动态“到地面” the city is on the changjiang river.静态“平面” go off the road. 偏离了道路（动态“离去”） come along the river. 沿着河过来（线）across the fields 跨过田野, ，over the desert 跨过沙漠across the river 横跨这条河, ，over the hill 翻过这座山be in the house 静态，在这里,stay out of the car 静态，在, 外 go into the house 动态，进入 fly out of the coun

28、try 动态，离开 （ 7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词 by theyear/hour/day按年 / 小时 / 天；如 he renta house by theyearday,hour.按 by+the+单位名称 但 to the pound按磅算， to the ton按吨计；表泛指的方式、手段by post/mail邮寄， by telephoneradio,但 on the phone/on the radio/on tv电讯器材 ， by electricity用 电 ， bymachinery用 电 器 ， byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throught

29、hesatellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop交通工具类by bus/train/car/taxiroadby bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot by plane/jet/spaceship,by airby ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water另外：by means of用, 方法，by way of经由，取道于，用 , 方法，with the help permissionof sb./

30、with sb.s help permis- sion ；表方式、手段的其他用法he beat the dog with a whip.with+工具机器 one smells with his nose.with+人体器官，但by hand “手工，用手”he stood up with pride.with+心情、情感、态度的名词留意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in；如 in englishink,pencil；另外如： in high good,lowspirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in ne

31、ed,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in goodpoorhealth,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,inwithsatisfaction,inahurry,inwithwords,live/feed on food,kneel on one s knee,takecat出ch其s不b.b意y surprise（ 8）表示“除 , 之外”的几组常用介绍比较； besides除, 以外，（仍有）；作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”； well all wen

32、t to the cinema besides shaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院； it was too late to see a film, and besides, i was tired. except 除去，除 , 之外（不再有）；we all went except john.我们都去了，约翰没有；在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：he has no other hats except / besides this one. exceptfor除了, （对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what 从句，此时与 except that +句子意思相同；he was v

33、ery clever except for carelessness.except that ,除了, 一点以外；he has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses. but 与 except but和 except在表示“除了 , 以外”时可以通用，但应留意以下三点：前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but ；all but one are here.nobody but i likes making model ships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but ；he has nothing to do but w

34、ait.（前有 do, 后省 to ） but 与一些固定结构连用；have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事， can not but do sth.不得不 ,can not help but do sth.不得不 , ，but for,如不是 ,（ 9） between 与 among. between 通常指两者之间；也可以用于三者以上的两者之间；如： ann is between tom and bill.switzer land lies between france, germany, australia and italy.they soon finis

35、hed the work between themselves.共同，合作 she was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby.表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那a horse can be seen between trees now.among 表示三者以上之间；如：the story is said to have happened in a village among the hills. he was happy to be among friends again.we must agre

36、e among ourselves.一起，共同 我们必需达成共识；london is among the largest cities. = one of与最高级连用 （ 10）表缘由的介词for 、because of、due to ；he didn t come to the meeting because of his illness. the reason for his coming late is that he was ill.he was praised for his bravery and courage. the accident is due to your carel

37、ess driving.11 不定式复合结构中的for 、of ；这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for或 of 加上人或事，作动词不定式规律主语的结构； it is clever of you to answer it like that. it is quite hard for me to explain why.留意：两句中的of 和 for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式规律主语的性质、特点与面貌时用of, 假如说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等就用for ；（ 12）兼作连词和副词的介词； after、since 、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词；t

38、he children went home at once after school. they went to bed after they had finished the job. in 、on、along 、down、up、after、before 、 along 、beyond 等介词可兼作副词；he ran down the hill.（介词）can you lift that box down from the shelf for me .副词 有的介词可以兼作连词和副词；all the students got to school before me.before为介词 we

39、do want to buy something now before prices go up.连词 haventi seen you before.before为副词 （ 13）介词的省略；表示时间的介词on、at、in 的省略；在next 、last、yesterday、tomorrow 、each 、one、any 、every 、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略；如（at ） last weekend、（ on） that day等；介词 for表示时间的省略要求； （ a）以 all开头的名词短语，for要省略； 如：i stayedwithher allhe morning

40、. （ b）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略， 也可以不省略； 如：i have been waiting hereiformore than threehours. （ c）否定句中， 表示时间的短语前的for不能省略； 如：i havent seen you forthirtyyears.d时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略；如：for thewhole morning,the old man kept reading.某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略；nothing can prevent mefromdoing the job. she spent nearly two hours

41、intranslating it.（ 14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配；要求接to 的名词有： key、answer 、visit、entrance 、apology 、introduction、road 等；要求接in的名词有： interest、 satisfaction、 expert等；he is expert in teaching small children.15 几个常用的并列连词；both , and, either , or, neither , norboth ,and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式；eith er ,or与 neith

42、er , nor留意实行“就近原就” ；not only , but also, as well as留意：两者强调对象不同， not only , but also强调的是 but also 之后部分，而 as well as就强调其前面的部分； not only , but also实行“就近原就” ，而 as well as 只是一个插入语，实行“就远原就” ；如：mr.smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to nanjing for a visit.notonly,butalso结构中的 notonly可用于句首，连接两个

43、分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装；not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.（ 16）几个常用的从属连词； when、while 、as 都表示“当 , 时候”， when 引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句就强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；如：when i go to the station, the train had already left. he sang merrily as he was working. till、until均表示“到 , 时候止”，确定句中的谓语必需是连续性动作

44、；如：i worked tilllateat night.如主句谓语是终止性动词，就主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到, 才, ”开头发生；如：she didn t get up until her mother came in.留意： till和 until通常情形下可以互换，只是在句首时until比 till更常用； though 、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然, ”，although较正式， though 最常用；如：thouth althoughhe was tired,he kept on working.留意： though 、although引导的从句不能与but

45、、however 连用，但可以与yet 、still连用；though仍可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、as though,而 although就不能这样搭配；no sooner , than、hardly, when 、as soon as三者都表示“一 , 就”，“刚刚 , 就”的意思；（ a）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态；如 ：as soon as she gets here i ll tell her aboutit. mary left as soon as the finished the work.bhardly , when、no

46、sooner , than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；如将hardly或 no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装；如：no sooner had he arrived than he went away again.某些表示时间的名词（词组） 也可用作从属连词；它们是： the moment, the minute,theinstant, theday,thetime,thefirstsecond,third,time,thespringsummer, autumn,winter,everyeach,next,any timeday,by the time

47、,都可引导时间状语从句；如：his mother died the spring he returned. call me up the minute he arrives.二、精典名题导解挑选填空1. the home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.nmet2001a. fromb.inc.ofd.at解析：答案为c；此题考查句子结构中介词of 的有法； what 引导的从句作谓语have taken 的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of”,表示“ , 有很少”，what修饰

48、 little 提到了从句句首；注 意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白of my spare time 和 in my spare time 的区分；2. production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.nmet2000a.asb.forc.withd.through解析：答案为c；此题考查with 的复合结构作状语的用法；“ with+ 名词+ 不定式 /分词 /名词 /形容词 /介词短语等”可在句中作相伴、时间、缘由、条件等状语；此题中with 的复合结构作相伴状语；3. the changes in th

49、e citywill cost quite a lot, theywill save usmoney in the long run.（ 2000 春季高考题）a.orb.sincec.ford.but解析：答案为d ；此题考查并列连词or、 for 、but和从属连词的意义和用法；并列连词or 通常表示挑选关系；for 表示因果关系；but 表示转折关系；从属连词since 表示缘由；通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系；4. after she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand .a. onb.upc.above

50、d.by解析：答案为a ；不定式“ to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box, 其中被修饰词在规律意义上是不及物动词， 只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整；吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：（ 1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词+介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾；he is the man i just spoke to.(2) what 、whose、who 、whatever 等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句显现吊尾介词；i can t imagine what it is like.(3) 强调句

51、型，特别疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常显现吊尾介词；it was the poor boy that we gave the books to. what for. where to. who with.4 不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词经常带吊尾介词；a room to live in, a bench to sit on there is nothing to worry about.she is a good girl to work with.5 某些形容词后接不定式或“动词+ 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词

52、； fit、 easy、hard 、comfortable、difficult、heavy 等形容词后； the river is good to swim in.the box is too heavy to carry. be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/require / need doing5. roses need special carethey can live through winter.a. becauseb. so thatc. even ifd. as解析：答案为b；此题考状语从

53、句；全句意为：玫瑰花需要特别关怀，以便过冬（为了安全度过冬天）；其余选项不合规律；6. you call me to say you re not coming, i ll see you at the theatre.a. thoughb. whetherc. untild. unless解析：答案为d；此题考状事从句，全句意为：我将在剧院门口等你，除非你打电话说你不来了；d 项表条件，符合句意；a 项表让步，意为尽管；b 项表让步，意为“不管, （仍是 , ） ；” c 项表时间，意为“直道 , （才, ）”，均不和规律；7. several weeks had gone byi realized the painting was missing.a. asb. beforec. sinced. when解析：答案为 b ；此题考查连词的用法； 时间 had passedgoneby before s + did在不知不觉中过 ,（已过去了） ；基础训练1. the teache