现在完成时讲解课件54971讲课讲稿

1、第一页，共48页。上一页下一页主菜单(ci dn)第二页，共48页。现在现在(xinzi)完成完成时时 主菜单(ci dn)上一页下一页现在现在(xinzi)完成时的构成完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较第三页，共48页。 现在现在(xinzi)完成完成时的构成时的构成主菜单(ci dn)上一页下一页have (hashave (has）+ + 过去分词过去分词第四页，共48页。present(

2、now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时( present perfect tense)do my homework 第五页，共48页。Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I have already(已经已经(y jing) cleaned them.第六页，共48页。现在完成时的基本现在完成时的基本(jbn)句型：句型：肯定式：主语(zhy) + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语(zhy) + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语(zhy) + 助动词have/has +

3、 not + 动词的过去分词. 第七页，共48页。例句例句(lj)：6. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。7. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人(f rn)来北京多长时间了？ 第八页，共48页。现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时时的主要用法的主要用法上一页下一页- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone h

4、as turned off the light.( (有人有人刚刚把灯把灯关关了了, ,对现对现在在(xinzi)(xinzi)造成的造成的结结果是果是: :现现在在(xinzi)(xinzi)很黑很黑) )- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在对现在(xinzi)造成的结果是造成的结果是很有空很有空)主菜单1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 第九页，共48页。1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在表示过去发

5、生的某一动作对现在(xinzi)(xinzi)造成的影响或结果。造成的影响或结果。 2.2.表示过去已经表示过去已经(y jing)(y jing)开始开始, , 持续到现在的动作或持续到现在的动作或状态状态, ,第十页，共48页。现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常(shchng)和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.第十一页，共48页。a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示(biosh)强强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。

6、He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭(zofn)。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？第十二页，共48页。2. yet在现在完成在现在完成(wn chng)时中时中的用法的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfa

7、st yet. Have you had breakfast yet?第十三页，共48页。b） never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来从来(cngli)没有没有”，而，而ever 表示表示“曾经曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有(mi yu)去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ 第十四页，共48页。c） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚(gng gng)”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助

8、动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间） He has just come back. 他刚刚回来(hu li)。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。第十五页，共48页。3.3.表示表示(biosh)(biosh)人曾有过或到目人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历前为止从未有过的经历. .上一页下一页I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园我曾去过颐和园) I have never had a c

9、ar. (我从未有过汽车我从未有过汽车(qch)。)主菜单第十六页，共48页。现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时时的时间状语的时间状语常与常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 连用连用(linyng)上一页下一页主菜单(ci dn)第十七页，共48页。上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more

10、than ten years. ten years.我已我已经学经学了了1010多年的英多年的英语语。( (从从1010年前年前开开始始(kish(kish), ),持持续续到到现现在在还还在在学学) )She has swum since half an hour ago.She has swum since half an hour ago.我已我已经经游泳了半游泳了半个个小小时时( (半半个个小小时时前已前已经开经开始始(kish(kish) )游泳游泳, ,到到现现在在还还在在游游) )现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时时的主要用法的主要用法主菜单(ci dn)2.2.表示表示过去过

11、去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时间，一段时间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。第十八页，共48页。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间第十九页，共48页。2. since +从句(cn j)(一般过去时) 单词(dnc) 词组(cz) (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been h

12、ere since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.第二十页，共48页。since: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间时间(shjin)点点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间时间(shjin)段段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for:

13、(长达）长达）for+ 时间时间(shjin)段段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法(yn f): Take notes 第二十一页，共48页。 注1): since 也可单独(dnd)使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.第二十二页，共48页。注2): 对for或since引导(yndo)的时间状语提问 必须用how lo

14、ng, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?第二十三页，共48页。短暂性动词与延续(ynx)动词间的转换第二十四页，共48页。leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-beco

15、me- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be第二十五页，共48页。短暂性动词短暂性动词(dngc)与时间与时间段的关系段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用中不能与时间段连用(linyng)(linyng)，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become, become, begin, begin, buy, buy, borrow,

16、 borrow, come (go, arrive), come (go, arrive), die, die, finish, finish, join, join, leave, leave, 等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动我们常用相应的延续性动词词(dngc) 来代替短暂性动词来代替短暂性动词(dngc)。主菜单第二十六页，共48页。 become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, a

17、rrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第二十七页，共48页。 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。间段连用。如：如

18、：I havent bought the bike for a year. I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到我买这辆自行车还不到(b do)(b do)一年。一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单(ci dn)第二十八页，共48页。 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1.1.我买了这块我买了这块(zh kui)(zh kui)手表五年了。手表五年了。 2.2.这位老人已经死了

19、十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/ five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old ma

20、n has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第二十九页，共48页。 3. 3.他已经他已经(y jing)(y jing)回来三天了。回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas

21、 been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been

22、away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第三十页，共48页。have been 与have gone 的用法(yn f)比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示已，表示已经经(y jing)去了某地，现在人可能在去去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。的途中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆

23、在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单(ci dn)第三十一页，共48页。 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿你以前从未去过那儿(nr)，是吗？，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单(ci dn)第三十二页，共48页。 与一般与一般(

24、ybn)过去时的过去时的用法比较用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响果，影响, ,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）; ;而一而一般过去时，则只讲述发生般过去时，则只讲述发生(fshng)(fshng)在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。系。 上一页下一页主菜单(ci dn)第三十三页，共48页。四四)It is +一段时间一段时间 +s

25、ince+句子句子(j zi)(一般过去一般过去时时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since + 句子句子(j zi)(一般过一般过去时去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.第三十四页，共48页。eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经他已经(y jing)买了一本买了一本英汉字典。英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictio

26、nary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页主菜单第三十五页，共48页。二当有一个表示二当有一个表示(biosh)(biosh)过去某一过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时而用一般过去时: : 上一页下一页eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+某一过去时间或叙述某一过去时间或叙述(xsh)(xsh)过去事情的从句总是与现在完过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。成时连用。eg： They have known each

27、other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜单(ci dn)第三十六页，共48页。三常与一般三常与一般(ybn)(ybn)过去时连用过去时连用的典型的的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语: :上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天(qintin),(qintin),just now(just now(刚才刚才) )， 时间时间+ ago, + ago, l

28、ast +last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜单(ci dn)第三十七页，共48页。上一页主菜单(ci dn)第三十八页，共48页。动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do)

29、it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave don

30、ehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第三十九页，共48页。4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _

31、 she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr C

32、hen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第四十页，共48页。选用选用(xu(xunyng) fornyng) for和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each

33、other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparen

34、ts have been dead _ several years.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第四十一页，共48页。用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空(tinkng)Mike and his

35、 parents _ the north for Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Ha

36、s Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave

37、beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第四十二页，共48页。改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two year

38、s.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单(ci dn)第四十三页，共48页。 The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet