牛津英语----小学重点知识总结

1、小学重点知识总结一、单词（一）词形转换 :China(形容词)Chinese here(同音词)hearlesson(同义词)class good(反义词)bad interest(形容词)interesting buy(同音词)by/byeminus(反义词)plus she(宾格)her right(同音词)write he(宾格)him right(反义词)wrong/left open(反义词)closegood(副词) well（二）同音词（1）seasee（6）knowno（2）meatmeet（7）forfour（3）Ieye（8）buyBye/by（4）tootwo/to（9）

2、wearwhere（5）sunson（10）hourour（三）对应词（1）brothersister（9）uncleaunt（2）thisthat（10）morningevening（3）grandfathergrandmother（11）tomorrowyesterday（4）manwoman（12）waitresswaiter（5）daughterson（13）redgreen（6）motherfather（14）wifehusband（7）thesethose（15）girlfriendboyfriend（8）girlboy二、重要句型1. -What day is it today?

3、-Its该句用来询问今天是星期几,回答为Itseg：What day is it today?Its Wednesday.2.-What lessons do you have in the morning? 上午你们有什么课?-We haveand 该句用来询问别人在上午有什么课程。注意lesson要用复数形式lessonseg：-What lessons do you have in the afternoon?-We have Chinese, Maths , English ,and Science .3. -What subject do you like? 你喜欢什么科目？-I l

4、ike Social Science.该句用来询问对方喜欢哪一门学科。4. How many lessons do they have a week? 他们一周内有多少节课？该句用来询问一周有多少节课。询问数量时，用how many对可数名词进行提问，用how much对不可数名词进行提问。例题讲解(1)Its Tuesday. 今天星期二。( 对划线部分提问)What day is it today ? 今天星期几?(2)I like English and Maths. ( 对划线部分提问)What subject do you like? 你喜欢什么科目？(3) We have eigh

5、t subjects this term. ( 对划线部分提问) How many subjects do you have this term? 对数量提问用how many (4) We have Chinese, Maths and English in the morning. ( 对划线部分提问) What lessons do you have in the morning? 你们早上有什么课？5. How do you feel now? 你现在觉得怎么样啊？I feel( tired, hot, thirsty, ill) 我觉得（累的，热的，渴的，病的）。I can get

6、a/some for you.feel后面接形容词get“带”，后面可接可数名词或不可数名词；结构为get sb. sth. =get sth. for sb.带某物给某人e.g. I can get a chair for you.I can get some medicine for you.6. Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？(相当于Whats the matter with you?)with后面跟人称代词用宾格 Ive got a ( fever, toothache) 我得了（发烧，牙痛，）。Ive=I have ,若人是she/he时，变为Shes/Hes

7、 got a,这里Shes = She has，Hes = He ise.g. whats wrong with her/him?= Whats the matter with her/him? 她/他怎么了？Shes/Hes got a fever.have, has后面才用got,其他情况都用get Im sorry to hear that. 听到这我感到很抱歉。7.打电话的常识：打电话时，通常用this指代自己，用that指代对方(不能用I指代自己，用you指代对方)；当告诉对方你是谁，应说This is .(speaking) ；当想问谁在接电话，可以问“Whos that?”或“I

8、s that”；如果致电某人，当电话接通后，应说“May I speak to ”；如果有人打错电话，你应说Sorry, wrong numbereg: Hello! This is Yang Ling speaking.-Hello! whos that?-This is Ben-May I speak to Lily?-Yes, speaking./This is Lily speaking.8.关于业余爱好(1)我们可以问：Do you have any hobbies?你有些爱好吗？Yes, I do. I like ( taking photos) 是的，我有。我喜欢。（拍照） No

9、, I dont. 不，我不喜欢。 可以拓展为：Does Ben have any hobbies ? Yes , he does . He likes collecting Chinese stamps . 本有爱好吗？是的。他喜欢收集中国邮票。Does your uncle have the same hobby? Yes, he does.你叔叔有同样的爱好吗？是的。【注意】当人是第三人称单数时，do变为does, does后面用动词原形(2)也可以问：Whats your hobby ? I like growing flowers . Me , too .你的爱好是什么？我喜欢种花。

10、我也是。Whats your grandmothers hobby ? She likes making clothes .你祖母的爱好是什么？他喜欢做衣服。【总结】What be + ones hobby? Ones hobby is + doing sth.或许Sb. likes (3)叙述某人的爱好，我们可以说：He / She likes ( going shopping ).他 / 她喜欢。（去购物）。 He / She doesnt like ( growing flowers ).他 / 她不喜欢。（种花）9.询问几点了？可以用 Whats the time? = What ti

11、me is it? Its 10. .的时间到了。/ 该了。 l Its time to(动词原形) 如：Its time to have breakfast. l Its time for（名词或v-ing） 如：Its time for breakfast/having breakfast.eg: What time is it? Its a quarter past seven . Its time for school . 几点了？十点五十分。该吃饭了。 Whats the time? Its ten to eleven . Its time for lunch. 几点了？十点五十分。

12、该吃饭了。 【拓展】There is no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事了=There is no time for sth./doing sth.Be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事=Be ready for sth./doing sth.eg: There is no time for breakfast.=There is no time to have breakfast.11.I want to make a cake. Do you want to join me? No, Im cooking rice. 我想做蛋糕。你想加入我吗？不，我正在做饭

13、。 介词/动词+人称代词（用宾格）eg: help me帮助我 call her/him 给她/他打电话follow me跟我学 listen to me听我讲find him找到他 Lets= let us让我们12.What time do you go to school ? I go to school at ten to seven .你什么时候去上学？ 我在六点五十去学校。对时间进行提问用what time或when”什么时候”eg: I go to bed at nine. ( 对划线部分提问)What time/When do you go to bed?13. How do

14、you spend your weekends? I often go shopping. 你怎样过周末的？我通常去购物。 How does Yang Ling spend her weekends? She often does her homework .Sometimes she reads English books . 杨玲怎样过周末的？她经常做家庭作业，有时她看英语书。 14.be from= come from来自Where are you from? = Where do you come from? 询问你来自哪里。I am from China. = I come from

15、 China.15.介词in,on,at表示时间的区别在具体的几点钟前面，我们用“at”如：at ten oclock.在具体的某一天/具体某一天的上下午，晚上用 “on” on Monday， on Monday morning在一段时间里（季节，月份，在上下午，晚上）我们则用“in”in summer/July, in the morning /in a week二、重要语法（一）人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词翻译为“你，我，他等”，主格放在句子中作主语，宾格放在动词/介词后作宾语。eg: I like English.She has a car.Can you help me with

16、my English?人称意义数量人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称我单数Imemymine我们复数weusourours第二人称你单数youyouyouryours你们复数youyouyouryours第三人称他单数hehimhishis她sheherherhers它ItItitsits他/她/它们复数theythemtheirtheirs2.物主代词翻译为“你的，我的，他的等”，形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，其后必须加名词。名词性物主代词相当于名词，可以单独使用。即：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词eg: This is my pen. Where is yours(=y

17、our pen)?(二)祈使句：表示命令，请求，建议的句子。结构：以动词原形开头的句子。eg: Put your hands on your head. 把你的双手放在你的头上祈使句变否定句：在动词原形前加donteg: Put your hands on your head.(否定句)eg: Dont put your hands on your head.Do your homework. (否定句) Dont do your homework.【注意】do ones homework中do “做”，有具体的意义，而dont中do没有任何意义，是助动词，帮助句子构成否定句，因此变否定句时，

18、不要把原来的do省略掉（三）动词do的用法do作实义动词，“做，制作”eg：-What are you doing? -I am doing my homework.do作助动词，一般用来构成疑问句；当主语是第三人称单数时，do要变为 doeseg：Do you like singing?Does she have supper at six. do作助动词,加not构成否定句；当主语是第三人称单数时，do要变为 doeseg：I dont like reading.She doesnt like apples.“do + not”位于句首构成否定祈使句eg ：Dont be late aga

19、in.别再迟到了。Dont climb trees again.下次别爬树了。（四）动词have的用法1.肯定句：I/we/you/they have +sth. 某人拥有She/He/It has +sth.eg: She has a small pear.2.特殊疑问句:询问某人有什么时，要借助助动词do(have的第三人称单数为has, do的第三人称单数为does)主语：you/they -What do +人(you/they) + have? -I/We/They have主语：she/he/it -What does +人(she/he/it) + have? - She/He/

20、It haseg:-I have a vase. What does she have?> -she has some flowers.-we have toy cars. What do they have? -They have a puppet.【区分】have与there be句型的区别1.have表示“某人或某物拥有”，强调的是所属关系。Have常用于人称代词I/we/you/they的后面；但当主语为第三人称单数she/he/it时，必须使用have的单数形式has.eg: I have a big apple.2.there be句型表示“在某地有某物或某人”。主语通常置于

21、there be的后面。当主语是单数或不可数名词时，be动词用is;当主语是复数时，be动词用are;当主语是并列的几件物品时，遵循“就近原则”。eg: There is some milk in the glass. There is an orange and some apples on the plate.（五）动词like的用法1.肯定句中Like+名词复数 喜欢某一类动词Like+v-ing 喜欢做某事eg: I like dogs. I like swimming.当人是第三人称单数时，like要变为likeseg: She likes dogs. He likes swimmi

22、ng.2.变一般疑问句时，借助助动词do，将do提前；当人是第三人称单数时，do变为doeseg: Do you like dogs? Does she like swimming?3.变否定句时，借助助动词do，在do后面加not; 当人是第三人称单数时，do变为doeseg: I dont like dogs. She doesnt like swimming.(六)There be 句型1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）eg: There are some books on the desk.2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，

23、be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最靠近近be 动词的那个名词决定（就近原则）eg: There is an orange and some apples on the plate.There are some apples and an orange on the plate.3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not ；变一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首，同时将some变为anyeg: Are there any books on the desk?There arent any books on the desk.3、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：&

24、#160;  How many +   名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？   How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？4、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是(即询问某地有什么)：   Whats + 介词短语？例题讲解：(1)There is a dog in the basket.(对划线提问)How many dogs are there in the basket?(2)There is a dog in the basket.(对划线提问)Whats in the ba

25、sket?（七）现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，即“be动词+ 动词的ing形式”，标志性词有now, listen, look( be动词的选择由主语的单复数而定)eg: We are doing our homework now. What are you doing? 你/你们正在做什么？这是一个特殊疑问句，用来询问对方正在做什么事。句型结构为：“What + be动词+人称代词+ doing?”回答：We are若主语是第三人称单数he/she时，be动词需用is,回答时：She/he is eg:- What are you doing? -I am sweeping the floo

26、r.- What is she doing? - She is cleaning the windows.【注意】当问句为现在进行时，答句也要用现在进行时2. What are you doing? 你/你们正在做什么？这是一个特殊疑问句，用来询问对方正在做什么事。句型结构为：“What + be动词+人称代词+ doing?”回答：We are若主语是第三人称单数he/she时，be动词需用is,回答时：She/he is eg:- What are you doing? -I am sweeping the floor.- What is she doing? - She is clean

27、ing the windows.现在分词又叫v-ing，构成有三种情况：一般直接在动词词尾加-ingeg: play playing sing singing ski skiing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，需去掉e,再加-ingeg: have having dance dancing make making重读闭音节的动词，要双写末尾的字母，再加-ingeg: swim swimming sit sitting put putting run running jog jogging（八）一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，动词形式主要由动词原形表示。I play ba

28、sketball after school.Ben and his family often go shopping on Sundays.2.标志性词语：usually通常，often经常，sometimes有时，always总是，every day，on Saturdays等3.当主语为第三人称单数，动词要用第三人称单数形式，动词第三人称单数的变化规则如下：(1)一般情况加-s : reads, says, takes My mother draws a picture every day.(2)以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词加-es: teaches, washes, goe

29、s, watches，does， She usually washes clothes in the evening.(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-es :studies, cries, carriesTom studies Chinese and Maths at school.【注意】主语是第三人称单数的常见单词：he, she, it, my mother, your father, my brother, my classmate, my friend等eg: My classmate likes dancing. My classmates like dancing.（九

30、）一般过去时:1.定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态2.标志性时间：a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last week等3.结构：用动词的过去式动词的过去式的构成规则有：、规则动词    一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d：如lived , danced , used    以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如study studied carry car

31、ried worry worried （注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类） 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如stopped 、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told

32、, draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt（十）一般将来时1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成： be going to +动词原形 will +动词原形如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.They will go swimming t

33、his afternoon.3、一般将来时句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.They will go swimming this afternoon.They will not(wont) go swimming this afternoon.Will they go swimming this af

34、ternoon?Yes, they will. / No, they wont.（十一）名词名词变复数的规则：1一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-esfamily-families, strawberry-strawberries，familyfamilies，citycities，partyparties4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或

35、fe为v, 再加-es妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。（wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, life, half, leaf）shelf shelves, wolf wolves, life lives, knife knives5部分以o结尾的名词：在词尾加 es英雄吃土豆芒果西红柿（hero, potato, mango, tomato）otatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-police

36、women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice单复数同形：fish，people, Chinese, Japanese，deer，sheep名词所有格有生命的东西的名词所有格：（1）单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirt（2）以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bags（3）不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoes（十二）句型转换的方法1.句子类型肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. 否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子如：Im not a student. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. 一