【图文】非谓语动词用法归(精)

1、All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University非谓语动词用法归纳All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式-不带to的不定式动名词分词-现在分词-过去分词All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University宾农定状补足定不式Q动名词在词现分过去分词All rights reserved Michael Shi, Tianjin University不定式和动名词作主语（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示 真体动作

2、。-Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here.这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）一It is not very good for you to smoke so much彳尔jih这么多烁决打尔 身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 卅定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。一Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。（经验）一Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在岛峰时刻开车令人 庆烦。 （经验）（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不 定式短语

3、后置。一It took me only five minutes to finish the job.不定式、动名词和分词作表语1不定式作表语1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将來的动作。一To do two things at a time is to d on either.一次做两件爭等于未做。-What IAll rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin Universitywould suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是 &刻丿始I：。2）如果主语足不泄式（农示条件），表语也是不沱式（衣示结果）。To s

4、ee is to believe.百闻不如一见。一To work means to earn a living丁作就是为了生活。3）如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose,thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导 的名词性从句，不定式作妾语是对主语起补充说明作用。一His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future一The function of Louis Sullivan architecture was to provide

5、 large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light i nto the in tenor.一The most imports nt thi ng is to n egotiate with them about the future of theplantAll rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式、动名词和分词作表语2动名词作表语动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。一Our work is serving the people.一His hobby is colle

6、cting stamps不定式、动名词和分词作表语3分词作表语现在分词主动、过程、进行：过去分词被动.结果、状态All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University表示感觉、心理状态的及物动词有两个分词现在分词表示 “使人的”；过去分词衰示”感到的”这类词常见 的有：一interesting使人赶兴趣一interested感兴趣的-exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的-delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的一disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的-encouraging令人鼓

7、舞的一encouraged感到鼓舞的-pleasing令人愉快的沖leased感到愉快的-puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的-satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满总的一surprising令人惊开的-surprised感到惊界的一worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的一Traveling is interesting but tiring.一The pupils will get c on fused if they are made to learn too muchTheargument is very convincing.一They w

8、ere very excited at the newsAll rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin UniversityAll rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University3.不定式和动名词作宾语1.既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语, 区别不大2.不定式做宾语3.动名词做宾语4.既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语, 区别很大.All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式作宾语1)卜I何的动词要求不疋式做宾语(p 31 & p 80 of tex

9、tbook)attempt金图enable能够n eglect忽视afford负担得dema nd要求long渴望arrange lbdestine注定mean意欲/打并expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎,显得determi ne决怎manage设法cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装ask问dread諒怕need需要agree同总desire愿望swear宣誓volunteer,忐愿wish希望en deavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱:烦恼prefer喜欢/宁愿care关心，喜炊happe n碰门prepare准备de

10、cide决定learn学习regret抱歉/遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫claim耍求hope希四promise承诺，允许undertake承接consent同总intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow发誓incline有倾向propose捉议seek找，J觅All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University动名词作宾语I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.All rights reserv

11、ed Michael Shi,Tianjin UniversityCannot help doing Can help but do sth既可以不定式也可动名词但不同（3）何些动词后便用动名词和动词不赵式作宾语的差别K6.5个一1）forget to do忘记耍去做某事（此出木做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已 做过或己发生）- 2） stop to do停止、中断（某件事）.目的是去做刃一件事stop doing停止正在 或经常做的事一3） remember to do记住上做某那（未做）remember doing做过某M（L1做）Don! you remember see

12、ing the man before?你不 id 紂以 MW*过那个人叭You must remember to leave tomorrow.你婴记抒址明尺动齊少acknowledge/ 认/f* 认advocate：捉也.allow 允许completecan tstand受不Ttolerate忍受endure 忍空enjoy1/!“爱envy %to*1excuse 借门 fancy幺丿想覺好 repent恂悟resent 怨恨 resist抵抗.Will:resume 恢复riskiIficinvolved 入.包件 hate讨庆 keep保持loathe II讨厌反怒admit *

13、认anticipatehSjil avoid遐免confess川门delays迟dislike 不冷欢讨厌avoidifii 免bear 忍受escaped跑.逃遐consider芳想 favori!i成.偏爱 figure播绘计算finish 完成.給束不得 forgive脈谅imagine设如practise实行实践preventRliE quit 放弁停止recall Mitliadvice 劝告appreciate 激欣赏cease 停|上can t help4、禁mention说列讲到dread nJ怕contemplate 细想defer 拖 iideny 舍认detests 恶m

14、ind 介总missfniipardon 脈谅.饶恕permit 允izlpostponed 迟.延期suggestU!议 save借救.彼計stand 唯持，忍空All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University- 4） regret to do对耍做的M遗憾regret doing对做过的遗憾、后恂I don*t regret telling her what I thought.我不肩伽给地讥过我的想法（U 讲过）I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice我很遗梢必孩这 ff 做，我

15、实庄没办法。（耒做但鉴-5） trytodo力、企图做某事trydoing试验、试试某种办法You must try to be more careful.你对恢名加小心。Lets try doing the work some other way. il 我们试试用另外种莎注来做这 1 仕。一6） mean to do打於，冇总耍mean doing总味看I didnt mean to hurt your feeling.我没想咗伤；你的感怙.This illness will mean （your） going to hospital.徘 了这种衲（你）就妥进医院.- 7） go on t

16、o do继而（去做刃外 恥爭皓）go on doing继续（原先没仃做完的事All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University 1） like /love/hate/ prefer +to do表示具体 行为;+doing sth妾示抽象、倾向概念-（注）如果这些动词前有should-词，其后宾语 只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow. 2） need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意 义；+不定式被动态表示“要（修、清理等）”All rights reserved

17、Michael Shi,Tianjin University非谓语动词做宾补Vt+ sb+ to do : ask sb to do, tell, demand, order,advise, persuade,.一阻止，禁止，制止，反对，不鼓励(from doing sth)一Dissuade, discourage, stop, prevent, sb from doing,keep, prohibit forbid彳列夕卜Vt+ sb + do: let, make, have, helpVt+ sb + doing: keep, set, send, leaveVt+ sb + do/d

18、oing: see, hear, catch, notice, Vt + sth done: have sth done, make sth done.All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式做宾补下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University（1）不定式作定语1）不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓

19、关系-Hewas the last one to leave school yesterday.一The train to arrive was from Lon don 2）不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系一Get him something to eat. ask要求/邀请forbid禁止inspire錢舞exhort告诫，勉励pray请枣beg请求invite吸引/邀请mean意欲，打算require要求tempt劝诱need需要want想耍teach教allow允许press迫使advise劝告authorized权remind提醒summ on传唤intendfil/企图driv

20、e驱应caused I起tell告诉warn n诫get诂,紂到prompt促使prefer弭欢/宁愿force强迫requestingh at e悄recommend劝告/推荐bear容忍induce弓I诱command命令train训练deserve丿“受order命令.urge激励,力说encourage鼓励condemn指*w, iientreat恳求permit允许implore恳求compel强迫instruc甘旨示direct指导enable彳吏能够oblige不得不lead引趙/使得wish希望All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin Un

21、iversity一She has a lot of work to do in the morning.3）不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当 胡介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系， 这里的介词不能省去。一I need a pen to write with.一There is no thing to worry about.All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式修饰一些等抽象名词4）不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权 利等抽象名词如：ability能力，本领drive赶，驾驶movement运动，活动am

22、bition抱负，野心effort努力, 尝认need需更，需最campaign战役，运动failure矢 败，不及格opportunity机会chance机会force力，JR力， 耍点promise许诺， 希望courage勇气intention意向,意閣reason理由,原因decision决定method方法，芳式light光，丸线，亮determination决心，决定motive宓机，目的struggle备斗，努为，tendency倾向，迪势wish希璽，脸重，祝愿5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、 形容词最高级或next, second, last,only和not a, the等限定

23、词时候，只能 用不定式。All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University6）不定彳弋词something, nothing, little, much, a lot等习惯上用不定式彼定语。一Joh n will do any thing but work on a farm.7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容 词要求接不定式做补语， 则相应的名词一般用不 定式彳故定语。女II：tend to dotendency to do；decide to do= decision to do；be curious to do =curiosi

24、ty to do一His wish to buy a car came true 一Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.一He is always the first to come and the last to leave.All rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University（2）分词作定语 1）现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义. 2）现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完（完成） 的事。 He rushed into the burning hous

25、e一The child standing over there is my brother.一The room facing south is our classroom一Have you got your watch repaired?一He is an advanced teacher. 3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但 不具有被动意义，这点要注意：一departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set,vanished, much-traveled, newly-a

26、rrived, rece ntlycomeAll rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University(3)不定式和分词作定语吋的时间关系 一般來说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词 所表示的动作之后； 现在分词所表示的动作与谓 语动词所表示的动作同时发生； 过去分词表示的 动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：一Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要见那位将从北京请來的医生吗？一Do you want to see the doctor working on the

27、casereport in the office?你要见那位正在办公室里写病丿力的 医生吗？5.不定式和分词作状语的区别（D现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者 与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。-1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它 们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behlnd h m.他出去后将门随于X上. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由 丁不知如 何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。- 2）过

28、公分词作状语时，过公分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动 作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better如l果对这些 树多关心一些，它们木來会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的 时候，我们必须设法克服。 Facing difficulties, we must try to overcome themAll rights reserved Michael Shi,Tianjin University不定式做

29、状语意义和用法例句农示目的，很常用。To do; so asto, in order toHe went home to see his mother.He came to ask a question.He got up early in orcer to (so as to) have time to study.表示结果，很常用。So.as to, too.to; enough .toonly to.She says so well as to bring down lhe house Will you be sogood as to tell him this?He is not old eno ugh to do this He is too excited to speak anything.表示原因,He laughed to see them fall down. He wept to hear the rews表示选择和比较She opened her lips as through to speak He would dierather than give in.表示条件- AHTo