中考英语复习专题1：名词知识讲解

1、中考四轮复习第一轮专题一：名词一、名词1 .可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2 .名词所有格的构成及用法；3 .近义名词的辨析.【考点讲解】一、名词的数1 .单数和复数ten- minutes ' walk, an 号ear-old girl, a ten-mile walk .(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如： trousers , clothes , chopsticks , glasses, goods , ashes, scissors o(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 专有名词：the United Stat

2、es, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls2.不可数名词“量的表示方法可数名词有单数和复数两种形式.复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念,可以用以下两种方法:The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass ?-s构成,其主要变法如下:(1)用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:(1) 一般情况在词尾加 -s ,例如：boo

3、kfbooks, girl fgirls , boy-boys, pen-pens,doctor fdoctors .以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的词力口 -es, 例如： busfbuses, class fclasses ,boxfboxes, watchfwatches , brushfbrushes .I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice(3) 以 ce, se, ze, (d) ge 结尾的名词力口 s, 例如： orange oranges o(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变"

4、;y"为"i-esf例如：city fcities,(2)用a piece of这类定语,例如：a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of breadfactory ffactories, country fcountries, family ffamilies . 但要注意的是以元 音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如：boy-boys, day fdays.(5)以.结尾的词多数都加 -es.例如:hero fheroes , potato fpotatoes , tomatoftomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的

5、词只加-s.例如：zoofzoos,radio -radios 还有某些 t也只力口 -s,例如：photo-photos , piano-pianos .a bottle of orange, a glass of water (milk) , a cup of teaa cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶、“四张纸这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of

6、, some, any, much 等来修饰.(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再力口-es ,例如：knifeknives leaf fleaves, 二、名词的所有格half halves .(7)少数名词有不规那么的复数形式,例如:man- men, womans women1.名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如：atooth fteeth , foot ffeet , child fchildren , mouses mice.【注意】与 man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-

7、men和-women .例如：an Englishman , two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans ; man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定, 如：men workers , women teachers .有个别名词单复数一样,例如：Chinese , Japanese , sheep , deer, fish等.但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾.(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等.(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保存单数形式,中间加连字符.例如：studen

8、t's room, students' rooms, father's shoes .2 .如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如：Children's Day.3 .在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用s,例如： a twenty minutes' walk , ten miles' journey , a boat's length , two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth .4 .无生命名词的所有格那么必须用of结构,例如：a map of C

9、hina , the end of thisterm , the capital of our country, the color of the flowers.5 .双重所有格,例如： a friend of my father's .【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 七,那么表示“分别有"例如：JohrYs and Mary's rooms 约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间； Tom's and Mary's bikes 两人各自的 自行车.两个名词并列,只有一个's,那么表示"共有"例如：John and Mary&#

10、39;s room 约 翰和玛丽共有一间； Tom and Mary's mother 即Tom与Mary是兄妹.【实 例解析】1. 2022年上海徐汇区中测试题These have saved many children ' s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor2. 2022年河北省中测试题This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Anne ' s and Jane

11、' sC. Anne ' s and Jane D. Anne and Jane ' s3. 2022年吉林省中测试题Are there any on the farm?Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep4. 2022年佛山市中测试题What would you like to drink,or orange?Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea【中考演练1一.单项填空1. .We went to Dr. Brown & yesterda

12、y. He gave us.A. some advice B. advices C. an advice D. some advices2. What they ve got! No wonder they are very happy.A. a good news B. quite a good news C. good news D. little news3. Much to fight against pollution.A. have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done4. What! Let's g

13、o swimming.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather5. You have made. You should be more careful.A. a lot of mistakeB. a great deal of mistakesC. a large number of mistakesD. few mistakes6. Before we moved into thenew house, we bought many.A. furnitures B. futureC. pieces of future

14、D. pieces of furnitures7. The bookshelf over there is.A. Mary & andJane'sB. Mary & and JaneC.Mary and Jane'sD. Mary s' furnitures8. We saw the guest off at yesterday.A. the Shanghai ;s Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway StationC. Shanghai Railway StationD. The railway Statio

15、n of Shanghai9. They had a good time at the Palace.A. children B. Children ' sC. Children D. Childrens '10. Xiao Li was in my boyhood.A. my close friendB. mine a close friendC. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me11. These are famous other presses They are having a meeting in one o

16、f theoffice.A. editor-in- chiefs; editor - iri chiefB. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chief 'sC. editor-in-chief 's; editor ;S-in-chiefD. editor-in-chief 's; editors-in-chief 's12. There are five in our class.A. Zhang 's B. Zhangs ' C. Zhangs D. The Zhangs13. How far is your s

17、chool?A. Twenty-five minutes walk. B. The walk of twenty-five minutesC. Twenty-five minutes walks D. Twenty-five minutes ;walk.14. Which do you like better,or?A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows15. We 're going to have a next month.A. two day' holiday B. two day holid

18、ay C. two days holiday D. two days holiday16. Who b a cousin?A. Uncle or aunt b son. B. Uncle or aunt b daughterC. Uncle's or aunt & child. D. Uncle or aunt 's brother or sister.17. She always wears beautiful.A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings18. Will you have a little?A. more fis

19、hes B. more fish C. much fishes D. fishes19. There in my class. Which of them do you want to see?A. is John B. are three Johns C. are the John 's D. is the John20. Twenty dollars what he needs.A. was B. were C. is D. has been21. The United Nations a resolution.A. has past B. has passed C. have p

20、assed D. has through22. The Arabian Nights a very interesting storybook.A. is B. are C. has been D. had been23. The New York Times a wide circulation发行额.A. is B. has C. areD. have24. Mathematics 数学a very important subject.A. are B. isC. were D. was25. His physics weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are26.

21、 An iron works now.A. is being built B. are being built C. has built D. has been built27. Every means tried to improve teaching and learning.A. has B. has been C. have D. were28. The police searching for a tall dark man with long hair.A. is B. has been C. are D. had been29. I was very excited when I

22、 saw so many on the farm.2022 长沙中考题A. chickenB. sheep C. duck30. 丁 I want to go to different places, but I don 't know the.A map is helpful, I think.2022 江西中考题A. price B. way C. time D. ticket31. Can I help you?"I 'd like for my twin daughters.2022 黄冈市中考题A. two pair of shoesB. two pair

23、of shoeC. two pairs of shoeD. two pairs of shoes32. I ve read sports news about the F1 race today.A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of二.根据以下句子的情景及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词.1. We ' ve got a lot of new in 曲态chool library.2. Please turn to another 频道,I don ' t like this show.3. Yesterday the 班to

24、 London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite季节.5. 一How many 小刀do you have?一Three.6. are widely used in the modern world. 计算机7. June 1 st is JL童Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new 地址so that I can write to you.9. Does this piece of 音乐sound nice?-Yes. It ' s w

25、onderful!10. May 12th is the International护士Day. Let ' s say a Thanks to them foi their work.三.根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词.1. "What' s your n? a i . i .Li Lei.2. How many d does your uncle have?3. Please close the w. It ' s cold outside.4. If you want to study English well, you must pay atten

26、tion to your p5. A computer is one of the greatest i in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p during theSpring Festival.7. At the a of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. It ' s only about an h flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is m

27、ore important to me than m.10. Be careful! It ' s d to run across the street now【中考演练2】1 . Sandy didn t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a.A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note2 .What ,s your job, Henry?-I 'm a. I work late. Tm very busy when people go o

28、ut to dinners.A. waiterB. reporter C. teacher D. nurse3 . Forests are very important to us, aren 1 they?一一Yes, if we have more forests, they will help to keep from runningaway.A. treesB. leaves C. waterD. grass4 . -Michael likes flying around the world.I think being a is just right for him.A. pilot

29、B. policeman C. cook D. doctor5 . It was very hard for me to make a, but I decided to leave my job.A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech6 . Something is wrong with my. I can 't see anything around me.A. nose B. ears C. eyesD. mouth7 . -Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarcy?I gen

30、erally make it a to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule8 .the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them areteachers.A.A number of; women B. A number of ;womanC. A number of; women D. The number of ;women9 . A school in Anshun held an activity called "

31、Recommend推荐Books to Your TeachersThe students made a of 1,000 books!A. note B. line C. menu D. list10 . I want to buy the book Cold Moutain Do you know its?-Not really. Maybe three dollars.A. cover B. size C. color D. price11 . 一 Where have you been, Tim?I ' ve been to.A. the Henry house B. the

32、Henry familyC. The Henry ' s home D. Henry ' s12 . In England, if is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner13 . You looked for it twice, but you havend itt 他by not try.A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once14 . 一

33、They are thirsty. Will you please give them?-Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters15 . Mike hurt one of his in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear16 . There is some on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pe

34、ars17 . In England, the last name is the .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name18 . The are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans19 . The has two.A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch20 . The little baby has two already.A. tooth B.

35、tooths C. teeth D. teeths21. What' s your for being late again?my face. Jesse, life goes on, she said. A wonderful new life awaits us, but onlyA. idea B. key C. excuse D. news43 we work at it.22. - It ' s dangerous here. We' d better goout quickly.I thought about those words. I tried tol

36、ook on the44 side. "ll fry, Mom, “I-But I think we should let go out mised in a small voice. However, Iwas disappointedaswe drove into the city.A. woman and children B.women and childEverything seemed so unfamiliar.C. woman and child D. women and childrenSeeing our new neighborhood hel

37、pedtall treesandquiet sidewalks welcomed23. - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign" " on the door of his shosp. Then I noticed our house, and it just kind of looked right to me. Dad45- Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING24. Are they going to have a picnic on

38、? A. Children ' s DayB. Childrens' s DayC. Childrens Day D. Children Day25. Where are the students? Are they in?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 2022西城二模完形填空共 12分,每题1分阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最正确选项.Six months ago my father lost his job. My parents discuss

39、ed what would be best for my family and agreed that he would be more likely to find work in his field in another city.I was very 36 that they hadn t asked my opinion. What about my friends? " I shouted. And baseball? I m 37 playing center field. I don t want to move. Jesse T my mother cried out.But Dad seemed to 38. It's all right, “ he told my mother. His whole life isabout to change. We 're all upset 难受by this39.“know you don 't believe me now, “ my father said quietly, but something good will come out of all this. I don t know 40. Just k