2022年中考英语语法特色题型特训专题8阅读理解科普类202222082193

1、科普类一阅读短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最正确选项。now satellites are helping to forecast预报the weather. they are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. the satellites take pictures of the atmosphere大气, because this is where the weather forms形成. they send these pictures to the weather stations.

2、 so meteorologists气象学家can see the weather of any part of the world. from the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. when they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare比拟them

3、with earlier ones. perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. this may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. in their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.so the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. before

4、 satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead提前.1. satellites travel _.a. in space     &

5、#160;         b. in the atmosphere c. above the ground       d. above space2. why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? because _.a. the weather satellites can do it easily b. clouds form therec. the

6、 weather forms there d. the pictures can forecast the weather3. meteorologists forecast the weather _.a. when they have received satellite picturesb. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier onesc. before they received satellite picturesd. during they study satellite pictures4. m

7、aybe well soon be able to forecast the weather for _.a. one day                b. two days c. five days              d. seven days or even longer5. the main主要的i

8、dea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _.a. taking pictures of the atmosphere b. receiving pictures of the atmospherec. doing other work in many ways d. weather forecasting二阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的a、b、c或者d四个选项中选出最正确选项。the internet, mobile phones and ipads are part of our lives now. tech

9、nology is greatly affecting all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. and it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans.we have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. there is no doubt that humans will continue to use more and more tech

10、nology. here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly.global positioning system (gps) (全球定位系统)its a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact (精确地) information. it tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather co

11、nditions. its made up of three parts: satellites, control equipments (设备) on land and receivers.space technologyrussian and american scientists have worked together for the international space station (iss) for a long time. they hope the iss will provide a long-lasting lab. such a lab will bring hum

12、ans limitless (无限的) advantages. its even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space.underwater robothercules is a kind of underwater robot with some high technology equipments. it will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea d

13、uring their journey long ago. the world is changing so quickly that its hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. its important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. so we should be willing to accept modern

14、technology, or we will fall behind the time.( )1. _ can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly.a. satellitesb. receiversc. global positioning systemd. underwater robot( )2. according to the passage, which is not true about the iss?a. it has carried people to other planets. b. it will provid

15、e a long-lasting lab for us.c. russian and american are working for it. d. humans will get a lot of advantages from it.( )3. hercules is used to _.a. save lives in the seab. take picture in the seac. repair the broken shipsd. look for the ancient ships in the sea( )4. from the passage, we know that

16、_.a. the use of gps is affected by the weather conditionsb. its very important for us to learn about new technologyc. its easy for us to catch up with all the new inventionsd. technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans( )5. what is the purpose of the passage?a. to help us study some

17、 new technology.b. to tell us technology is changing the world.c. to help solve the problems that technology causes.d. to remind us the advantages of technology are limitless.三根据短文内容填空或选出最正确答案。snow fell on the mountain. it snowed and snowed. the snow did not melt融化. it became deep and heavy. the sno

18、w on the bottom pressed 挤压together., it became ice.the ice was very wide and thick. it began to move down the mountain. it was like a river of ice. it was a glacier冰河.sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches英寸 each day. as it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. it changed the land. in some p

19、laces, it left hills. in some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.a million years ago, there were many big glaciers. glaciers covered many parts of the world. the glaciers changed the land.glaciers are still at work today. a glacier in the north of canada is cutting a new path路

20、 down the side of a mountain. this glacier will change the land, too.1. the snow that fell on the mountaina. became snowman    b. melted     c. became ice     d. turned to rain2. the word in the story that means a river of ice is _.3. the story says, “the

21、 snow did not melt. it became deep and heavy. the word it means _.4. which of the following does this story lead you to believe?a. there are not as many glaciers as there used to beb. glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.c. glaciers are found only in warm places.5. how fast did the g

22、lacier move? (which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)a. sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.b. sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.c. sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.6. the main idea of the whole story is that _.a. snow is heavy 

23、0;       b. the high land never changes c. glaciers changed the land四根据短文内容填空或选出最正确答案。long ago, people in rome罗马 talked to one another in latin拉丁文. pupils in school learned to read and write in latin. books are in latin.some romans罗马人went to other parts of the world. th

24、ey took their language with them. soon latin was used in many countries. it became a world language.people in other countries did not talk in latin the same way. in each land, they changed the language a little. as time went by, they made more changes. at last they did not talk in latin any more. ne

25、w languages had come from the old one.people do not talk to one another in latin today. but they still use many latin words. you do, too. street, wall, city, and salt are some of the latin words we use. you are a pupil in school. pupil is a latin word. it means “little doll.1. latin was used by peop

26、le in _.a. rome    b. the united states    c. greece(希腊)     d. texas2. the word in the story that means what people speak and write is _3. the story says, “people do not talk to each other in latin today. but they still use many latin words, the word the

27、y means _.4. which of the following does this story lead you to believe?a. it is not good to change a language. b. pupils in schools today play with dolls.c. not many people can read latin today.5. what happened to latin when it was taken to other countries?(which sentence is exactly like the one in

28、 your book?)a. in each land, people talked about each other.b. in each land, they changed the language a littlec. in each land, the children had to speak some latin.6. the main idea of the whole story is that _.a. romans did not like to stay home b. people in old rome talked a lot to each other.c. l

29、atin changed as it moved from land to land.(五)we have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. this is so familiar that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at par

30、ticular times. the process (过程) is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. in one study, flowers were kept in constant (连续的) darkness. we might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they normally do. in fact, they continued

31、 to open at their usual time. this suggests that they have some mysterious (神秘的) way of knowing the time. their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock.this discovery (发现) may not seem to be very important. however,

32、 it was later found that not just plants but also animals including man have this “inner clock which controls the working of their bodies and influences (影响) their activities. men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious power. whether we wish it or not, it affects such things in our life as ou

33、r need for sleep, our need for food.in the past, this did not matter very much because people lived in natural condition. in the modern world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who have to work at night. it would be very useful, then

34、, to know more about the “inner clock. such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.1. a recent experiment showed that _. a. different flowers open and close at different times of day b. for their opening and closing, flowers do not need information from the outside

35、world c. flowers are influenced by weak light even when they are in a dark room d. flowers can be used for telling the time2. the “inner clock _. a. is an unimportant discovery b. is only found in animals c. has not been understood by far d. has an effect on human life3. further study of the “inner

36、clock will be useful because _. a. it might help us in some way b. we do not yet understand plants and animals well enough c. the number of spacemen and airplane pilots is fast increasing d. we should try to live more naturally than we do now4. kept in constant darkness, flowers _. a. will not open

37、or close as usual b. will not open any longer c. will open as they do in natural conditions d. will always remain in full blossom (开花)5. _ have a mysterious power of knowing time without information from the outside world. a. animals including man as well as plants b. all living things except man c.

38、 flowers are the only things in the world that d. neither animals nor plants (六)阅读短文，从a、b、c、d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。in 1926, a frenchman named niepce needed pictures for his business. but he was not a good artist. so he invented a very simple camera. he put it in a window of his house and took a pictur

39、e of his garden. that was the first photo. the next important date in the history of photography was in 1837. that year, daguerre, another frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. he used a new kind of camera in a different way. in his picture you could see everything clearly, even the smalles

40、t thing. this kind of photo was called a daguerreotype(银版照相). soon other people began to use daguerres way. travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. people took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains. in about 1840, photography was developed. then photographers

41、could take pictures of people and moving things. that was not simple. the photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. but this did not stop them, for example, some in the us worked so hard. mathew brady was a famous american photographer. he took many pictures of great people. the p

42、ictures were unusual because they were very lifelike. photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. some photos were not just copies of the real world. they showed feelings, like other kinds of art.根据短文内容，答复以下问题。( )1. the first photo taken by niepce was a picture of _.a. hi

43、s business b. his house c. his gardend. his window( )2. the daguerreotype was _.a. a frenchman b. a kind of picturec. a kind of camera d. a photographer( )3. if a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840s, he had to _.a. watch lots of films b. buy an expensive camera

44、c. stop in most cities d. take many films and something else with him( )4. mathew brady_.a. was very lifelikeb. was famous for his unusual picturesc. was quite strongd. took many pictures of moving people( )5. this passage tells us _. a. how photography was developed b. how to show your ideas and fe

45、elings in pictures c. how to take pictures in the world d. how to use different cameras(七)根据短文内容从a、b、c、d四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最正确答案。is the whale the worlds largest fish? no. it looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal (哺乳动物). then whats the worlds largest fish? its the whale shark鲸鲨.although the wha

46、le shark is our biggest fish and lives in many oceans 海洋around the world, few people have ever heard of it. scientists have not been studying whale sharks for very long. much more needs to be learned about them.a whale shark is sometimes called a “gentle giant (温柔的巨人). it likes to be alone and doesn

47、t care a bit about divers or humans. the biggest whale shark weighed 24,250 pounds and was nearly 40 feet long. this makes it heavier and longer than a school bus. inside its huge mouth are great numbers of very small teeth. to count all of them, youll need to do some math. the whale sharks teeth ar

48、e arranged in rows. there are between eleven and thirteen rows on each jaw (颚) and around three hundred teeth in each row. however, the whale shark rarely uses its teeth. it does not chew or bite its food. large amounts of water are pulled into its mouth and then pushed out through its gills (鳃). fo

49、r a few months every year, a group of whale sharks comes to ningaloo reef, off western australia. this gives scientists a wonderful chance to study the large fish. whale sharks do live in other oceans of the world, but no one knows their population. it is possible that our biggest fish may need prot

50、ecting. it is one of the reasons why scientists continue to learn all they can about these gentle giants.( )1. little is known about whale sharks because scientists _.a. are not interested in learning about them b. find them too difficult to catchc. do not know the best places to find them d. have s

51、tudied them for a short time( )2. which sentence can tell us that whale sharks are gentle?a. they have large mouths. b. they leave divers alone.c. they have small eyes. d. they live in many oceans.( )3. how does the writer help us know what the whale sharks mouth looks like?a. by giving reasons. b.

52、by describing colors.c. by comparing sizes. d. by using numbers.( )4. the fifth paragraph is mainly about _.a. how a whale shark eats b. what a whale shark eatsc. how different fish use their gills d. whats inside a whale sharks mouth( )5. which of the following is the best title for the article?a.

53、gentle giants b. the diary of a sailorc. the largest animal d. my life on the sea(八)根据短文内容从a、b、c、d四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最正确答案。dr. jack tod is very interested in cleaning water. 1 . so its natural that he is to develop a small and affordable system(系统)to clean waste water. his “living machine can clean w

54、aste water in your home or in your business. 2 .the waste water goes into a big plastic tank where bacteria(细菌)start to break down the waste. a few days later after it is dealt with, the water is brought into a greenhouse filled with plants and fish. 3 , the plants and animals remove(去掉) more chemic

55、als from the water, making it cleaner. then the water can be reused for washing or bathing. 4 , but the water is clean enough for watering the flower, washing the dog, or even for bathing or swimming.the advantage of this technology is that it is affordable and good for the environment. 5, it can he

56、lp to use less fresh water, and it can help keep the water supply unpolluted.根据短文内容，从下面六个选项中选出能填入文章空白处的最正确选项。a. if enough homes and businesses use“living machinesb. water is important for usc. he is also interested in saving moneyd. it cannot be used for drinking or cookinge. the“living machineis a

57、system for cleaning waste waterf. with the help of sunlight1. 2. 3 4. 5. (九)a kind of little cars may take the place of todays big ones many years later. if everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. there will also be more space for parking in cities, and the streets will be less crowded.the little cars of the future will cost less. driving will be safer, too, since these little cars