名词性从句.doc

1、English班级姓名学号名词性从句一.定义：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。二范围：它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三. 引导词：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接畐【J词： when, where, how, why四. 连接词的区别。1. that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是， what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当 成分，可做从句的主语、宾语

2、、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。1) .What he wants is a book.2) . That he wants to go there is obvious.3) .The result is that we won the game.4) . I have no doubt that he will come.5) . I have no idea what he did that afternoon.6) .After mon ths of voyage ,Columbus arrived in what later proved to be

3、a new continent.7) . On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with what looked like tiny in sects.2. who和 whoever的选用who引导的从句指代的是事，翻译成 谁”是特指。whoever引导的从句指代的是人(anyone who),意思是 无论是谁”是泛指。1) .The book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.2) .Who will be sent to work

4、 there hasn ' t been decided yet.3) .Whoever will be sent to work there will be given a large house.4) .Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5) . Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales ,please?6) . Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own w

5、ay.7) .Who he is is not importa nt.3. whether与if在作 是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c. 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“ or no时;e. 后接动词不定式时。f. 引导同位语从句时。.Whetherthere is life on the moon is an interesting question.2. Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey.3. I asked her if/

6、whether she had a bike.4. I don' t kriifc/whether he is well or not.5. I don' t knwhether or not he is well.6. The questi on is whether he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly an swer the questi on whether the old man will recover soon.8. I don ' t knwhether to go.4. which引导名词性从句及定语从句区别

7、。which引导定语从句时，是关系代词，要代替先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 而引导名词性从句时，在从句中也作主语或宾语，但是是“哪一个”的意思。1) .There are so many in terest ing books in the bookstore,a nd I don't know which I can buy(=which to buy).(which引导宾语从句)2) .Here are 5 pairs. Can you tell me which you would like to buy? (which 引导宾语从句)3) .We all like the

8、book,which was written by LuXun. (which 引导定语从句)4) .Spielberg won a prize for a short film which he made. (which引导定语从句 )5. 引导词that的省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略.that不可省略的情况：a. 主语从句b. 表语从句C.同位语从句d用it做形式宾语的宾语从句e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略1) .1 don ' t thinkthat) she is coming.2) .lt is a pity that he has made

9、such a mistake.3) .The reason is that he is careless .4) .The n ews that our team won the match in spired us.5) .1 don ' t think it necessthrat you should read English aloud.6) .He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a livi ng alone.五无论哪个引导词引导名词性从句，从句一律使用陈述语序。1) .The probl

10、em is how we should use moder n tech no logy.2) .Whe n man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all.3) .l can ' t imagine wherell these advanced technology will lead us.六.具体应用：1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writ

11、er.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the En glish evening will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no won der, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desi

12、red, etc.) that 主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词 用单数。When the meet ing will begi n _has_ not bee n decided yet.When they will start and where they go _have_ not been decided yet.Whe n and where the meet ing will begi nhas not bee n decided.2. 宾语从句名词

13、句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去， 但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think （that） we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人

14、什么都不好。注意：在 dema nd、order、suggest decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等表示要求、 命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should） +动词原形”。例如：I in sist that she （should） do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The comma nder ordered that troops （should） set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用 who， whom, which, whose, what, whe

15、n, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关 联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever n eeds help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不

16、同时态。He says he studies En glish every day.（从句用一般现在时）He says he studied En glish last term.（从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study En glish next year.（从句用一般将来时）he has studied En glish si nee 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态“could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在 时态。The

17、teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. he has done soB. how is he gett ing alongD. what is he gett ing alongC. whicheverD. wheneverB. what wrong wasD. what trouble it isC. of thatD. that whatC. has not knownD. have not beeB. did the watch costD. the watch costsA

18、. afraid ofB. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid forB. Owing to a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes lateA. forC. sinceD. that4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We don ' t think you are here.I don ' t believe he will do so.3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句

19、叫表语从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.That is why he didn ' t come to the meeting.It looks as if it is going to rain.需要注意的，当主语是 reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是becauseThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从

20、句的名词有 advice、dema nd、doubt、fact、hope、idea、in formati on、message n ews、order、problem、 promise、question、 request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。例如：The n ews that we won the game is excit ing.I have no idea whe n he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably falle n ill.同位语从句和定语从句

21、的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句：I had no idea that you were here . （that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （that） this book gives you of life in ancient Greece ? （that 弓丨导定语从句，作 宾语，可以省略）四名词性从句专项练习100题1. His success was because ofhe had

22、bee n work ing hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2. "Is Mary from New York City”"I don't know.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. makes mistakes must correct them.D. Whatever4.

23、 The reas on why I did n't go to Shan ghai wasa new job.A. because I got B. because of gett ingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did7. Have you see n

24、Henry lately My boss wants to knowA. how he is getti ng alongC. what he is getti ng along8. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wants.A. howeverB. whatever9. He asked mewith me.A. what is the troubleC. what was the matter10. I am surehe said is true.A. thatB. about that11.

25、When and why he came hereyet.A. is not known B. are not known12. I won der how muchA. does the watch costC. the watch costed13. Mary issome one might recog nize her.14. is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateC. The fact that she was a few minu tes late15. They came t

26、o the con clusi onby a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all thi ngs can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosi on occurred wasthe laboratory atte ndant had bee n careless.B. because17. I don't doubthe'll come

27、.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18. " Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang” “ Well, I forgetI was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six timesit was before liberati on.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which20. Mary: Hele

28、n is a mere washer woma n, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21. surprised me most wassuch a little boy of seve n could play the violin so well.A. That what B.

29、What thatC. That which D. What whichD. what the populati on of the world is29. Would you go and seeoutsideA. what to take placeB. what Tom has happe nedC. what is happe ningD. what the matter had bee n30. The subject of "What is in teresti ng isA. whatB. in terest ing31. I thi nk he is Charles.

30、A. Who do you think he isC. Whom do you think he is32. He did n't know which roomthat I do not even know him." isC. What is in teresti ngD. IB. Do you th ink who he isD. Do you think who he is22. We gave himhelp we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this23. She is pleased with what you have giv

31、e n him andyou have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all thatA. they livedB. they lived inC. did they live33. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whatever34. The city is no Ion ger.A. what it isB. that it used to be C. which it wasD. did they live inD. no matter whatD. what

32、it used to be24. Excuse me would you please tell me A. when the sports meet is taken place C. whe n is the sports meet to begi n25. Do you happe n to knowA. what size shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes26. This book will show youA. how you have observedC. that you have observed27. Where

33、do you thi nkA. has he gone B. has he bee n28. Do you knowB. whe n is the sports meet going to be heldD. whe n the sports meet is to take placeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what nu mber shoes are hiscan be used in other con texts.B. how what you have observedD. how that you have observedC. he's go

34、neD. was heA. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much populati on there is in the world.how much populati on there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isA. whichB. thatC.whatD.all what36.we go swimmi ng every dayus a lot of good.A. If doB. That -doC.If doesD.That -o

35、es37.was the ideathe wife thought ofA. WhatthatB. That -whatC.How whyD. Why how38.did he tell his wifehe wished to doA. Thatwhat B. What -thatC.Where whichD.Whichwhere35. My pare nts usedthey had to get a new car for me.39. One of the men held the viewthe book said was right.A. what thatB. that what

36、C. that whichD. which that40. I have no ideaor not he has fini shed the work.A. ifB. that41. “ Do you know "His father is a doctor.A. what is his fatherC. what his father isC. whetherB. who is his fatherD. who his father isD. which42. Is thiswe met each other two years agoA. placeB. place in wh

37、ichC. whereD. place whichC. thought thatD. is thought thatthere are air, water and sun light there are livi ng things.C. thatD. that whereverthey could settle the problem without others' help.C. whatD. whetherB. what was I doing whe n she rang me upD. whe n did she ring me up what I was doingC.

38、whicheverD. thatB. what is beautifulD. what it is beautiful43. ItBob drives badly.A. thi nks thatB. is thought what44. We all know the truthA. whereB. wherever45. They discussedA. ifB. that46. She asked.A. what I was doing whe n she rang me upC. whe n she rang me up what I was doing47. May I borrow

39、the ringYou can takeyou like.A. no matter what B. which48. He said that he was fond ofA. what beautiful isC. beautiful is what49. He in sisted that hein good health andto work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sentC. be, was sentD. be, send50. Do you knowhe expects will give us a talkA. whoB. whomC. t

40、hatD. whose2012高考试题01. The limits of a pers on' s in tellige nee, gen erally speak ing, are fixed at birth, but he reachesthese limits will depe nds on his environment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. whyA. howB. whetherC. whatD. why07. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choosesui

41、ts you best.A whateverB. whicheverC. whe neverD. wherever08. New tech no logies have madepossible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it09. If you happ en to get lost in the wild, you' d bettey(suagre and wait for help.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. what10. Scien tists studyhuma n brains work to make computers.A. whe nB. h