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1、练习要求：使用大中型印刷词典，不可上网，不可使用电子词典或网络词典。英译汉（时间100分钟）Passage 1An cie nt Arab Shipwreck Y ields Secrets of Nin th-Ce ntury TradeFor more tha n a decade, archaeologists and historia ns have bee n study ing the contents of a nin th-ce ntury Arab dhow that was discoveredin 1998 off I ndo nesia's Belitung I

2、slanckcTbember divers who found the wreck had no idea it eve ntually would be con sidered one of the most imp orta nt maritime discoveries of the late 20th cen tury.The dhow was carr ying a rich cargo 60,000 ceramic pi eces and an array of gold and silver works and its discovery has con firmed how s

3、ig ni fica nt trade was along a maritime silk road betwee n Tang Dyn astyChina and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-p roduc ing trade goods eve n the n and customiz ing them to suit the tastes of clie nts in West Asia."Shi pwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Win ds,” at th

4、e new, lotus-sha ped ArtScie nee Museum desig ned by Moshe Safdie, p rese nts items from the Belit ung wreck. Curated by the Asia n Civilisati onsMuseum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Smiths onianIn stituti on in Washi ngton, the show is exp ected to travel to museumsaround the world ove

5、r the n ext five to six years.“This exhibiti on tells us a story about an extraord inaryi ome nt inglobalization, ” said Julian Raby, director of the SmithsonianGallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.“It brings to life the tale oSin bad sail ing to Chi na to make his fortun e. It shows us that

6、 the world inthe ninth cen tury was not as fragme nted as we assumed. There were twogreat export po wers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based inBaghdad. ”Un til the Belit ung find, historia ns had thought that Tang Chinatraded p rimarily through the land routes of Cen tral Asia, main ly on th

7、eSilk Road. An cie nt records told of P ersia n fleets saili ng the SoutheastAsia n seas but no wrecks had bee n found, un til the Belit ung dhow. Itscargo con firmed that a huge volume of trade was tak ing p lace along amaritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asia n Civilisati onsMuseum an

8、d a co-curator of the exhibiti on.Mr. Raby said:“ The size of the find gives us a sense of two thi ngs: asense of China as a country already p roduc ing thi ngs on an in dustrializedscale and also a Chi na that is nooln ger p roduc ing ceramics to bury.” Hewas referri ng to the p roducti on of buria

9、l po ttery like camels and horses,which was banned in the late eighth cen tury.“In stead, kil ns looked forother markets and they started p roduc ing tableware and they built anexport market. ”Passage 2( The New York Times 8th, Mar, 2011EU Sig nals Big Shift on Gen etically Modified CropsMadeira is

10、more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and isofficially one of the“outermost regi ons ” of the European Un io n. DespHthat far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union ' s agricultural and en vir onmen tal affairs last year whe n P ortugal asked theEuropean Commissi

11、 on for p ermissi on to imp ose an unp recede nted ban on grow ing biotech crops there.Last week, the commissi on quietly let the deadli ne p ass for opposingPortugal request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal ' s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal p er

12、missi on from Brussels to rema in en tirely free of gen etically modified orga ni sms. Madeira now will p robably go ahead and imp leme nt the ban, a sp okeswoma n for the P ortuguese gover nment said Friday.In dividual European coun tries and regi ons have banned certa ingenetically modified crops

13、before. Many consumers and farmers incountries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dan gerous and likely to con tam in ate orga ni cally p roduced food. But the case of Madeira rep rese nts a sig nifica nt Ian dmark, because it is the first time the commissi on, which runs

14、 the day-to-day affairs of the EuropeanUnion, has p ermitted a country to imp ose such a swee ping and defi nitive rejectio n of the tech no logy.The Madeira ns' main concerns focused on p reserv ing thearch ip elago' s biodiversity and its forest of subtr opicaJifel trees. Such forests, kno

15、wn as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European“ much the largemainland but were wiped out thousands of years ago during an earlier p eriod of climate cha nge. That has left Madeira with exte nt of laurel forest surv iving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals, ” according t

16、o the United Nations Educational, Scientific andCultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World's earnings.Heritage Site in 1999. The forest also is a grow ing attractio n for tourists, who make up a sig ni fica nt p orti on of MadeiraIn seek ing to ban biotech no logy on Made

17、ira, the P ortuguesegover nment told the commissi on that it would be impo ssible to sep arate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life.The “ riskto nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dan gerousa nd p oses such a threat to the en vir onmen tal and

18、ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, eitherdirectly in the agricultural s ector or eve n on an exp erime ntal basis,” theP ortuguese told the commissi on.汉译英（时间80分钟）Passage 1稀土作为不可再生的战略资源，在新能源、新材料、节能环保、航空航天、 及电子信息等领域的应用日益广泛。相当于中国的稀土储量全球第一。稀土的战略经济地位对于中国的重要性，石油之于中东。2011年中国稀土储量为3600万吨，占全球储量的36%但是产 量却高达12万吨，占当年全球产量的97%由于稀土开采的高污染性和资源稀缺性，一些发达国家甚至关闭本国的稀土 矿井，直接从