初中英语代词讲解

1、other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面需跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的。others 其它。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西。常用于“some others”结构。the other两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指。常用于“one the other ”结构。the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部。The other + 单数或复数名词 表示在一定范围内的另一个或几个，特指。another另一个（指多个中的任何一个）可单独用，也可接单数名词，还可接名词复数，表示另几个，再几个。Where are his other books? Some are r

2、ed,and others are black.She has two sisters,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. Would you have another cup of tea?4. every与eacheach 每一个，强调个别情况。主、宾、定、状,可单独使用,可做代名词、形容词、用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。every 每一个，强调整体，“每个都”“人人都”，只作定语，不可单独使用，仅作形容词，用于三者或三者以上每

3、一个人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child. (定) I gave each an apple when they came.(宾)当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every chi

4、ld likes playing. = All children like playing.1)、只能说each of , 不能说every of ,every one = eachEach of the rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2）、each every 作定语时，后加单数名词；each作主语时谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. Every student has a book.3）表达“每几个”，只能用everyEvery four days 每四天 Every other day 每隔一天 Every few metr

5、es 每隔几米5. all,both,none,either,neither的用法。1)all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。both 两个人或事物，对两者的肯定none 三者或三者以上都不，是all的全部否定式，后不直接接名词，需加of 再加名词，动词可单可复。either 对两者之一的肯定，neither 对两者的否定，是both 的全部否定式作主语 All of us like Mr Pope. = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) Either ( of the books) willdo

6、. Neither (of the books)is correct. Neither of us enjoy getting up early. Both of you are right.作宾语 I will take both of them with me. You make take either with you. I agree with neitherof you. I have forgotten all about it.作定语 Both seats are taken. You may take either road. There are trees on either

7、 side (=onboth sides). Neither seat is taken. All students like the film.1)、作主语时，all,both 后的谓语动词用复数，neither,either后的谓语动词用单数。2）、bothall还可以做主语和宾语的同位语You and I are both correct. The food is not enough for us all.作同位语时的位置：A、在be 后 B、在实义动词前 C、在第一个动词后3）作定语时，either neither 后面加单数名词，both只能和复数名词连用，而all 可以和单数或不

8、可数名词搭配。There are trees on both sides of the road. He has lived here all his life.4)all 作主语表示“整个事物”时，动词用单数All the water has been used up. (作主语)5)both,all 加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分别用neither ,none.Both of us are not teachers. 并不是我俩都教书。（部分否定）Neither of us is a teacher. （全部否定）All of the books are not Chinese

9、books. 这些书中有些不是汉语的。None of the books are Chinese books. 这些书中没有一本是汉语的。6)并列连词的使用Either or Either you or I am right.neither nor Neither my sister nor I am right.both and Both he and I know this teacher.6、not 用在动词后，组成否定句no = not any ,not a 在句中只能用作定语，修饰可数及不可数名词。none 是all 的反义词，可作主语和宾语，代替不可数名词时动词用单数，代替可数名词

10、时动词用单数或复数均可。There is no water in the well. Jim has no brothers or sisters.None of the stories is (are) interesting. Ive read none of the books.7、one 指代上文提到过的单数名词。This book is better than that one.ones 指代上文提到过的复数名词 He doesnt want the small apples,he wants the big ones.1)、one 可用来泛指任何人，可作宾语、主语，并有所有格one

11、s (作定语)和反身代词oneself(作主语、宾语)。One should do ones (his) duty.2)如果前句中提到的单数名词是可数的，就多用one 来代替，如果该名词是不可数的，就多用that 来代替。The population of New York is larger than that of London.8、much 只修饰不可数名词，much water many 只修饰可数名词， many books比较： a lot of 和lots of 可接可数名词或不可数名词，但一般只用于肯定句、在疑问句或否定句中，则用much 和many。9、复合不定代词由some

12、 ,any , no, every加上-body ,-one,-thing构成。1).在句中作主、宾、表。复合不定代词一般用作单数。Nobody is absent. Do you need anything? Grammer is not everything.2)、复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio. Is there anything important? Anything else？3）由some 组成的不定代词用于肯定句，由any 合成的不定代词用于否定句，疑问和条件句，有些疑问句在表示请求、建议和

13、反问时，也可以用some 合成的不定代词。4).everyone 每一个人，人人， 大家，单独使用，不可接of 短语。every one 一个人，一件事情。一般要接of 短语。5），由any 合成的不定代词，不能在否定句中作主语。如：不能说： Anybody doesnt go to see the film. 而应改成： Nobody goes to see the film.10、all, whole whole不能直接与复数名词连用，不能直接修饰专有名词。all China = the whole of China all the world =the whole world all t

14、he time = the whole time all the class = the whole class all the way = the whole way the whole nation=the whole country11、such, samesuch as He needs such a book as mine.such . that He is such a kind man that everyonf likes him.same; 必须和the 连用。形,They left on the same day.代, Ill do the same as you.12、

15、表示不定量的短语A以下短语替代或修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数：few , a few; quite a few ,only a few; several, many, a large (great) number of (许多) a couple of 两三个hundreds of 成百的B、以下短语谓语动词用单数many a +单数名词the number of + 复数名词C以下短语直接替代或修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用单数a little,little,a bit,less, least,much,not a little 许多 not a bit 一点也没有the amount of 后

16、接物质、钱、数的总量。a bit 后一般带of + 名词，其它的不定量词只有在接代词或特定范围时用of.六. 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。1）、作宾语： each other 两个人的关系one another 两个以上的人之间的相互关系 在当代英语中，each other和one another在运用中没有什么区别。Did you know each other at that time? We havent seen one another for a long time.2)、作定语：作定语用时，相互代词用所有

17、格形式。each others We often correct each other's mistakes.one anothers They are interested in one another's secret.七. 疑问代词一般都放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词，在句子中作为某一句子成分。疑问代词有指人：who, whom, whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：whichWhich of those is yours? (作主语) Whose is the watch on the table? （作表语）Whose umbrella is th

18、is? （作定语）Whom are you waiting for? （作宾语）1、疑问代词构成特殊疑问句时，疑问代词一般都位于句首，并在句中担任某一成分。绝大部分都用疑问语序，但疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，要用陈述语序。My bike is lost. What shall I do? Which is the biggest animal on land?2、提问“哪个”“哪些”时，who 用于人，which 和 what 用于物，which 一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what 用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。Which animal do you like best? Which do you prefer,rice or meat?What girls do you like