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1、. 非谓语动词的做题步骤: 1。判定是否用非谓语动词形式。 方法:看句子中是否有了谓语动词 2。找非谓语动词的逻辑主语 方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语 3。判定主被动关系 方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系 4。判定时间关系 方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,之后还是同时。之前常用done,之后用to do , 同时一般用doing .一。 非谓语动词作为主语和表语的比较 1。不定式和动名词作为主语和表语 (1). 不定式表示一次性的,具体的动作; ing 常表示一般的,泛指的或者是习惯性的动作 is a good form of exe

2、rcise for both young and old . A. the walk B . Walking C . To walk D . Walk 分析:a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语(2). 不定式做主语时,常用it 作形式主语, 即用句型:it is+ adj. / n. (for / of sb. ) to do sth . 如: It is very important for us to learn English well. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意: 下面几个句型是用动名词: It is no us

3、e / good doing sth . Its useless doing sth (3)在seem / appear (似乎,好像) prove / turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待) 等连系动词后, 可以用不定式作表语。 如: He seemed ( to be ) very happy . 二。不定式,动名词作宾语的比较: 1。只能接不定式的动词: (1)想要: want, would like, would ,prefer, ask, demand , intend,desire (2) 希望: wish , hope ,expect (3) 决定:ag

4、ree ,decide , manage , plan , promise , choose , continue , prepare ,make up ones mind , try ones best , apply ,offer (4) happen ,learn , fail , pretend , refuse , afford. 2. 只能接动名词的动词: suggest , advise (建议),finish , mind (介意), enjoy (喜欢),appreciate (鉴赏,感激),forbid (禁止),avoid (避免),cant help doing (忍不

5、住), feel like (想要),delay, put off (推迟), give up (放弃),be busy 忙于),be worth (值得),practice (练习)3 接不定式与接动名词意义不同的动词 remember to do 记得去做; remember doing 记得做过remember to do 记得去做; remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做; forget doing 忘记做过了 regret to do 遗憾去做; regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 设法去做; try doing 试着做 go

6、on to do 接着做另一件事; go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do 打算做; mean doing 意味着做 stop to do 停下来去做; stop doing 停止做 cant help (to) do 不能帮助做; cant help doing 忍不住做4要接动名词的几个句型 prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth, from doing ( 阻止做) spend / waste time / money in doing sth . have some difficulty / trouble /problems in doi

7、ng ( 在做有困难) have a hard / good time in doing sth. 5 含介词to 的短语 look forward to (盼望); devoteto 致力于,献身于 be / get used to 习惯于; lead to 导致 equal to 等于,能胜任; pay attention to 注意 refer to 谈到;所指,涉及 belong to 6。介词 but (除了)后接不定式, 如:have no choice but to do sth . 没有别的选择,只有做.但是当but 前有行为动词do 时候, but 后的不定式省略to , 如

8、: Candy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong . A. admit B. Admitted C . Admitting D . To admit7 Permit / allow (允许), advise (建议), forbid(禁止)有两种用法:一种后接动名词, 二是后接sb. + to do sth, 8. Need , want , require 意为“需要”,主语是物时, 用句型: require , want , need + doing ( 用动词ing 主动形式表被动意义)三. 不定式,现在分词, 过

9、去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1. 不定式作宾语补足语, 如: ask sb. to do sth.这类词还有:advice, allow, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, tell 等2. 使役动词后接不带to的不定式、let / make / have sb do sth 被动结构中不定式必须带to,have一般不用于被动注意 get sb to do sth 译为“让某人做某事”3. 感官动词后做宾补的非谓语形式 感官动词: feel , see ,hear , watch ,notice 句型:感官动词+sb + doing / do / done (分别表

10、示正在发生,全过程,被动完成) (1) They know her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A. grow B . Grew C . Was growing D . To grow (2). The missing boy was last seen near the river . A. playing B . To be playing C. play D. to play 4With 的复合结构:with + 宾语+ 宾补其中宾补可以是形容词,副词(in, out ) , 介词短语, 非谓语形式。 With 的复合结

11、构的宾补中的非谓语形式to do 表示将来,doing 表示主动和进行, done 表示被动和完成5. Have 句型: have sb do sth have sb doing sth have sb / sth donehave sth done 表示两种意义:请别人做,而不是主语做;以为事故引起的6. Find + 宾语+ 宾补(doing / done ) ; keep + 宾语+ doing catch + sb + doing (撞见某人在做); smell + sb + doing (察觉某人在做)7. 表示“认为”的 think , believe , consider , j

12、udge 等, 常用句型: think sb ( to be ) + adj. / n. be considered to have done sth (被认为已做了某事)8. Make oneself understood / heard / known , 即用了过去分词作宾补9. 句型 it is said / reported / thought / known that 可变成:sb./ sth . Be said / reported to have done sth 四. 不定式,现在分词, 过去分词作状语比较 1. 不定式作目的,原因,结果状语 (1)作目的状语,有三种形式,可

13、互换:to do, in order to do , so as to do (不用于句首) (2)原因:不定式常在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如: happy , sorry , glad , sad , surprised , disappointed ,不定式不妨在句首,如: I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. (3) 结果 :常用 only to do 来表示未 未曾预料到的或令人不快的情况,其动作发生在位于动词之后。另外; 固定结构 tooto do , enough to do , so / such as to do 中,不定式也作

14、结果状语 (4)在形容词后做状语,只用不定式,如: The book is easy to read . (=it is easy to read the book. ) We find the lake safe to swim in . (注意尾介词)、2. 现在分词,过去分词可以作时间,条件, 让步,方式,原因,结果等状语,就不做目的状语。注:表示时间,条件,或者让步的分词,有时可带上连词(if, unless , when , while , once , though , although ) 五. 三种非谓语动词作定语的比较: 1. 不定式作定语 常表示“用要做”和“修饰the +

15、 序数词”。常用句型如下:have / there be / with + 宾语 +to do 分析:以I have homework to do . 为例,不定式作定语有两种关系:主谓关系:I do homework 动宾关系:to do 与 homework 构成 动宾关系 注意:以Jack , do you have some clothes ? A. to wash B . To be washed , 为例, 分析:(1)动宾关系: wash clothes 成立 2)主谓关系:you wash clothes成立吗? 根据句意,显然不是, 这里的洗衣服是说话者做,而不是句子的主语y

16、ou 做的,所以 只能用不定式的被动式。 2. 分词作定语:单个的分词作定语, 放在被修饰的名词前。而短语常放放在其后面 (1). They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to china. (2) . I want to write about people addicted to drugs . 比较: a sleeping boy (= a boy who is sleeping); a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming) a falling leaves (= leaves th

17、at are falling) ; fallen leaves (leaves that have fallen down a developing country (发展中国家); a developed country (发达国家)这三个都表示被动,就是时间不同。 To be done (表示将来) being done (表示同时进行); done (表完成) 注意:having been done 也表完成被动,但不用做定语。六七个特殊句式: (1)why not do sth.? = why dont you do sth ?(2) had better (not) do sth 最好做(不做)疑问词+ 不定式 结构 (1) what / to do (2) when / where / how to do sth . (3) whether to do sth (不用if ) (4) why (not) do sth ( why 后面省略to ) “疑问词+ 不定式”在句中作主语或宾语,如: A reporter must know how to ask the right questions and how to get people to talk about the topic. (作宾语) 七特殊的独立结构: 有些非谓语形式已经为固定用语,用来表示说话人对说

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