Unit 1 苏格拉底译文

1、Part I Part I Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has bec

2、ome well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting cont

3、ributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon

4、 became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派). 第第 1 1 句：句： Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. 主干部分：Socrates was a philosopher. 小定语： clas

5、sical Greek 定语从句： who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy. 表达法： be credited with : 认为某人有某事物； 把归功于； 被认为； 归功于 例：Watt should be credited with inventing the steam engine. 人们把蒸汽机的发明归功于瓦特. lay the fundamentals of= lay the foundation of 为奠定基础。注意，fundamentals,多指理论基础，从最基本的底层

6、理论开始。而 foundation 则不强调这层意思。 第第 1 1 句：句： Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。第第 2 2 句：句： He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially

7、 the writings of his most famous student Plato. 主干：He is a figure. 小定语： mysterious 大定语：known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. 是过去分词后置定语。through 后面的是介词 through 的宾语，与介词 through 合在一起做过去分词 known 的方式状语。especially 连接的两个名词性短语

8、， the account of later classical writers, the writings of his most famous student Plato. 这两个名词短语在形式上是并列的，但在内容上却是递进的，后者是前者的一部分具体化。最后那个 Plato 是student 的同位语。 提示：注意 classical 和 classic 的区别前者是“古典的”，后者是“经典的，典范的” 第第 2 2 句：句： He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical wr

9、iters, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. 他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。第第 3 3 句：句： Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics.be known for: 以著称；因为而有名。 contribution to 对有贡献。（由 contribute to 变来）第第 3 3 句：句： Socrates has become

10、 well known for his contribution to the field of ethics.苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。第第 4 4 句：句： His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. 此句较为复杂，主干部分：Hi

11、s method of teachingremains a tool. known as the Socratic Method, 过去分词做同位语，解释前面的 method of teaching; by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 做方式状语，to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 为两个不定式短并列做前面 asking 和 answering 两个动名词的共同宾语 questions 的补

12、语。 commonly used 是 tool 的小定语，后面 in a wide range of discussions 是介词短语做状语。 第第 4 4 句：句： His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. 他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，

13、即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。第第 5 5 句：句： He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. 这句话由两个并列分句构成。第一个是 He also made important and

14、 lasting contributions to the field of epistemology. make contributions to : 为做出贡献。 lasting 这里是形容词，意思是深远的，持久的。第二个分句是 the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. 这个分句的主干是 the influence remains a foundation. of his ideas and approach 是介词短语做

15、后置定语，修饰 the influence; that followed 是小定语从句，修饰 Western philosophy,可以看成汉语里一个词：后来的，接下来的。 第第 5 5 句：句： He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that follow

16、ed. 他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。第第 6 6 句：句： Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. 这句话比较简单，注意 colorful figure 的含义。一般译成“丰富多彩的”，figure 的词义很多，常见的有形体，形象，数字，人物，图形等。这里指“人物” 第第 6 6 句：句： Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of anci

17、ent philosophy. 苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。第第 7 7 句：句： His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派). 这句结构并不复杂，由 although 连接的两个句子。是并列句.although 后面的句子中，constructed, establish

18、ed, founded 三个动词并列做 he 的谓语。household 本义是指家庭，户，指全家人。这里用作形容词，意思是家常的，家喻户晓的。这里可以翻译成：妇孺皆知。注意 绝对否定的形容词 no 这里用于强调，三个 no 连用，起到加强语气的作用。第第 7 7 句：句： His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派). 他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。