土人景观设计明尼阿波利斯河河岸设计竞赛

1、THE RESILIENT RIVERMinneapolis Riverfront Design CompetitionTurenscape Team Introduction . . 02Four Challenges for the Upper Riverfront and Beyond .04Three Strategies for the Resilient River .051. Build an Ecological Infrastructure .06A. Establish Security Patterns .06B. Harness Ecosystem Services .

2、072. Reorient Urbanism to the River. 093. Curate the Vision through Time .10A. The Vision . . 10The Framework Plan .10Habitat Plan . . 11Stormwater Plan . . 11Circulation Plan .12Land Use Plan .12B. Curate through Time .13Years 0-2: Set the Stage .14Years 2-5: Connect People to the River .15Years 5-

3、10: Create Riverfront Destinations .18Years 10-15: Build Transportation Infrastructure . . 22Years 15-50: Develop New Industries and New Communities . . 23CONTENTSThe people of north and northeast Minneapolis haveseen hard times before. The land along the Mississippibears witness to previous eras of

4、 boom and bust,overabundance and exhaustion, speculation andbankruptcy, mad exuberance and ruin. The story onthe Central Riverfront has been toldthe spectacularfalls, Native American and then European habitation,the rise and fall of milling giantsand the future now inview is a healthy one with mill

5、ruin parks and stone archtrails leading home to new communities that sit on theRiver, right next to downtown. But the future of the areaupstream, above the falls of St. Anthony, remains to bedetermined. There are official visions, but also wavering,low rumblings of discontent on all sides: industry

6、versusparks, jobs versus nature, current use versus best use,and economic realities versus ecological realities. Is it avibrant, green future or merely a mirage?Like the song still echoing up from the delta says, the Riverkeeps rolling along. To the River, our interventions, fromthe prairie burning

7、by native peoples, to the construction ofspillways and locks, are only temporary modifications. TheRiver will have its way, moving its course from side to side,up in flood and down in drought. The River is resilient. Itwill bounce back. It has bounced back, from a fetid sewerto a place that supports

8、 beaver, fox, otter, sturgeon, andmussels again: right in the city!Our design approach celebrates the Resilient River; webelieve in the power of nature to heal, and the relevanceof the River in the life of the people of Minneapolis. Wetake the long view, and see that changes in industry alongthe ban

9、ks have happened before, driven by the marketbut also by the guiding hand of public policy and theaspirations of the Rivers citizens. While we recognize therole of industry, and in many cases are enthralled by thescale of its work along the banks, we also remain steadfastin our belief that this land

10、scape is worthy of respect, evenreverence, and protection from harm.Our purpose then is to aid in healing the riverfront as aplace of critical ecological importance, as well as a placefor working and living. Where the River has been an excusefor dividing neighborhoods and peoples, we desire a placew

11、here people can come together. We concur with the viewthat parks can create new value on adjacent lands, butalso propose that a new ecology of parks is necessarythat makes productive use of the rich riverfront lands and waters, as well as the people on its shores.INTRODUCTIONChallenges to our famili

12、es and communities are global, yetwe propose that the area above the falls is a place to take a stand for a new economy that values local production,urban agriculture, self-sustaining energy, art, sociability,and the people of northern Minneapolis and the region asa whole. The scale of this undertak

13、ing is huge, and time forchange is running out. Our vision is of the Upper Riverfrontas prototype for a new relationship, a smarter relationshipbetween the people of Minneapolis and their river, whichcan inform a way of living within nature, across the city andregion.We have real experience from the

14、 past of using the powerof the River in a sustainable way, breaking the hard wheatof the north with only the falling of water, and even now turning that motion into electricity. Our design is presentedin that spirit and with a belief in the River itself to steadyour minds, fill our hearts, and steel

15、 our resolve for thechallenges before us.We are living in a problematic 21st Century. We faceclimate change and a degraded environment, an uncertaineconomy and social inequality, cultural conflict and a lossof local identity; and yet.We can make this a 21st Century of change andreinvention! Old valu

16、es have to be reevaluated. New ethics and new aesthetics have to be invented. Andmost importantly, new solutions have to be, and canbe, implemented, so we can build on the foundationsof previous generations, a more healthy and beautifulMinneapolis.Our mission is to complete and renew the Minneapolis

17、park system vision based on our understanding of newchallenges, new knowledge, and new technologies, torecover the full potential of the Upper Riverfront and giveit back to the city. We will make full use of the landscapeas a productive, ecological infrastructure for enhancingsocial equality, genera

18、ting economic vitality, and regainingcultural identity. Dr. Kongjian Yu, TurenscapeRestoring connectivityExpanding employmentMaking Minneapolis the City of the RiverImproving access to waterfront parksECOLOgICaL RENEwaLHow can our work on the Mississippi River address the environmental imperatives o

19、f our generation? Specifically, what can we do on the Upper Riverfront and in the surrounding communities to rebuild a healthy ecosystem and revalue the park system for its productive potential? How can we adapt to global climate change? How can we discover a new aesthetic that reflects and foresees

20、 a lifestyle in which cultural and human processes adapt to and mediate the changing environment?SOCIaL EqUITyThe communities of the Upper Riverfront, especially North Minneapolis, are dramatically underserved in terms of access to parkland and other amenities. This inequity compounds and exacerbate

21、s other social challenges. How can our work help create a healthier and more equal society? How can a landscape resource that belongs to North Minneapolis and Northeast become a destination for the whole city, the way the resources of the rest of the city are recognized and enjoyed by all?VIbRaNT EC

22、ONOMyThe Mississippi River has always been a potent source of economic activity and vitality. In its current state, however, the River is not reaching its potential. The Upper Riverfront is lined with uses that do not provide value equal to their majestic location, including many uses that dont requ

23、ire river access. How can we foster new industries and new economies in a resurgent river corridor? How can investments in the River catalyze broader economic activity and attract the businesses of the future?aUTHENTIC CULTURaL IDENTITyMinneapolis has a rich history and diverse cultural influences.

24、A thread linking generations is the relationship to the Mississippi River. This was an important destination and conduit for native peoples. It was the reason for European exploration and settlement with the rise of the fur trade, lumber milling, and grain industries. As Minneapolis has attracted an

25、 increasingly diverse population, can the River play a part in bringing contemporary citizens together? Can the “City of Lakes” become the “City of the River” again?FOUR CHaLLENgES FOR THE UPPER RIVER aND bEyONDA strong city park system is rooted in robust and resilient nature. We will strategically

26、 identify natural assets to design an ecological infrastructure network that protects and enhances critical natural and cultural processes. By growing this ecological infrastructure, the full range ofecosystem services can be secured for future generations. We canintegrate sustainable transportation

27、, natural stormwater management, urban agriculture, and other green infrastructure into this network to see Minneapolis through the environmental challenges that lie ahead.THREE STRaTEgIES FOR THE RESILIENT RIVERAs ecological infrastructure grows, we can begin to restructure and reorient the city ar

28、ound the Rivers natural assets. Smart cities areinvesting in human capital - schools and housing, jobs and research, art and commerce. The smartest cities are leveraging these investments as strategic placemaking to improve economic stability, social justice, and cultural identity. We can use the gr

29、een network to vibrate the city so that all facets of the community are stimulated, providing opportunities for new lifestyles and a healthier society.Minneapolis has a history ofestablishing long-term visions and then sticking to them, even when near-term political and economic realities require in

30、crementalimplementation. Generations of civic leaders have understood that land use and architecture will change, but the intrinsic landscape itself is an enduring asset. Our planning and design approaches must bestrategically conceived to work within present-day realities while catalyzing a 50-year

31、 vision worthy of theMississippi River and Minneapoliss legacy of great park system planning.1. bUILD aN ECOLOgICaL INFRaSTRUCTURE2. REORIENT URbaNISM TO THE RIVER3. CURaTE THE VISION THROUgH TIMEA vibrant, green future for Minneapolis requires that we protect the natural assets that sustain healthy

32、 urban living.Taking a strategic conservation approach, patterns emerge that offer the most effective protection in a given landscape. We call these “security patterns” to call attention to the critical role that a citys ecological infrastructure network plays in safeguarding our future. Vertically,

33、 we might envision this network from a stack of interdependent layers that protect hydrological and biological processes, as well as cultural heritage. Horizontally, we might envision this network like a tree, with the River as its trunk, branches of green linking the river to the urban fabric, and

34、the specific sites and features of the community as its twigs and leaves.ecological security patternecological infrastructure networkwater security patternbiological security pattern cultural security patternvernacular cultural assetsexisting land-usewildlife corridorsnatural patchessurface flow ana

35、lysiswater basinstopography1. bUILD aN ECOLOgICaL INFRaSTRUCTUREa. ESTabLISH SECURITy PaTTERNS drawing keytrunk branches twigsEcosystem services are the resources and processes provided by natural ecosystems. The Mississippi, Americas Great River, is an internationally-significant source of ecosyste

36、m services. The United Nations Millenium EcosystemAssessment established four broad categories of services: regulating, provisioning, supporting, and cultural. How can we reverse decades of degradation and put natures forces to sustainable use?Regulating services keep systems in balance to resist cl

37、imate change and disease. How we deal with water is key to regulation. We propose a system of natural drainage to manage water flows. A variety of green stormwater biofuels system swalesgreenhouses of the Horticulture Enterprise Zone 1. bUILD aN ECOLOgICaL INFRaSTRUCTUREb. HaRNESS ECOSySTEM SERVICES

38、 prairieSupporting services include nutrient cycling and crop pollination critical to natural function. We propose ecological corridors to increase habitat biodiversity. The Mississippi is an internationally significant flyway for migrating birds. Many fish and other wildlife species make their way

39、every day along this critical ecological pathway. We have studied the rhythms of key species, both local and migratory, to establish a palette of native plants and rustic crops that provide food and cover for these birds, fish, and other wildlife.1. bUILD aN ECOLOgICaL INFRaSTRUCTUREb. HaRNESS ECOSy

40、STEM SERVICES 2. REORIENT URbaNISM TO THE RIVER urbanism corridors and anchors planRiver urbanism should mix uses andaudiences, providing a national model for sustainable city-making. From homes and schools to markets and workplaces, a land ethic of productivity and interaction in all seasons will c

41、onnect and unify diverse settings. New community elements will complement and link to existing assets in adjacent neighborhoods, allowing current residents to occupy and steward newterrain, while inviting new users and visitors to find a place in Minneapoliss newest commons.We recognize six “urbanis

42、m corridors” that will connect activity anchors with the ecological infrastructure network. These will include garden festival grounds, amphitheaters, learning spaces, and gathering places to provide diversestepping stones of vibrancy all the way up and down the Upper River.horticulture corridoreduc

43、ation corridorart corridorcommerce corridorgreen-tech corridorresidential corridorgreenhouserelocated industryLowry BridgeMarshall Parkwaytree nurseryDowling Streetcar and Pedestrian Bridgeresidential tower, typ.Camden BridgeShingle Creeksoil factorygreenhouse office, typ.Perkins Hill SkywalkMinneap

44、olis School for theUrban Environmentnew North High Schoolgreen-tech industry, typ.Bassett Creek greenstreet Cedar Lake RegionalTraildowntown greenwaySpirit IslandSt. Anthony Fallsamphitheateraggregate art park26th avenue greenstreetretail center, typ.wetland eco-lab parklinear track parkcarbon-neutr

45、al neighborhood Bottineau GreenwayBN Bridgestreetcarcommunity gardenGrain Belt breweryBroadway Bridgemixed-use residentialHalls Island beach parkPlymouth Avenue BridgeBoom IslandNicollet IslandHennepin IslandMill Ruins Park3. CURaTE THE VISION THROUgH TIMEFramework PlanThe Resilient River is a frame

46、work for transforming the UpperRiverfront over time. Of course, the Resilient River could recover in countless ways, but we describe here one potential future and a path to get there. We offer a bold vision in order to ignite the imagination and ambition necessary to take the first challenging steps

47、.a. THE VISION10THE RESILIENT RIVER11THE RESILIENT RIVER3. CURaTE THE VISION THROUgH TIMEa. THE VISIONHabitat PlanStormwater Plandrawing keymississippi riverwaterfront wetlandinfiltration swaleblue streetdrainage outfallflow directiontap in existing 15 freeway storm pipe draw water from the riverdra

48、wing keybank restorationwet prairieupland forest / savannanative wildflower / formalwetland / bioswaleshoreline willow plantingriparian forestriver with emergentsprairie productive landscapegravel / sand bar12THE RESILIENT RIVER3. CURaTE THE VISION THROUgH TIMEa. THE VISIONCirculation PlanLand Use P

49、lan drawing keylow-density housingmedium-density housinghigh-density housingcommercial education mixed-use office general industrialcultural / entertainmentutilitypublic / institutionalparking parks / open spacedrawing keypedestrian streetcar bikeways parkways13 THE RESILIENT RIVERyears 15-50Develop

50、 New Industries and Communitiesyears 2-5Connect People to the Riveryears 10-15Build Transportation Infrastructureyears 0-2Set the Stageyears 5-10Create Riverfront DestinationsExisting 3. CURaTE THE VISION THROUgH TIMEHow do we advance a transformative timeline? Building on the Minneapolis traditions

51、 of visual and performing arts, we might characterize our actions as curating a shifting palette of natural and cultural processes. We can choreograph decisions and designs, investments and incentives, to put on vibrant landscape performances. We can score urbanevolutions in time with the rhythms of

52、 the Rivers recovery. In time, incremental improvements and policy commitments will layer up into profound transformation. b. CURaTINg THROUgH TIME3. CURaTE THE VISION THROUgH TIMEIndustrial Murals and Catalytic Cover CropsWhile planning, design, engineering, and permitting of the first phases of Up

53、per Riverfront transformation are underway, we propose a series of immediate interventions to attract attention to the riverfronts and prepare the ground of an emergent ecological infrastructure network. Industrial buildings and artifacts become a canvas for murals similar to the Valspar Building. Underutilized ground, at the Upper Harbor Terminal and elsewhere, is cultivated with rustic versions of crops such as sunflowers, alfalfa and clover to improve soil fertility, remove pollutants, bring immediate transformation and b