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1、人教版初中英语七年级下册 Unit12SectionB教材全解Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?Unit 12 Section B 教材全解l.flew a kite 放风筝【重点注释】flew为fly的过去式,fly此处作及物动词,意为“放飞(风筝、飞 机模型等)",fly a kite=fly kites放风筝。例如:Can you fly a kite?你能放风筝吗? We flew kites in the park last Sunday± 个星期大我们在公园里放风筝了。 My father helped me to fly
2、 the model plane我的父亲帮助我放飞飞机模型。【拓展记忆】fly还可作不及物动词:1)意为“飞,飞行",fly to sw尸go to sw.by plane/air=take a plane to s碰飞机去某地。例如:I wanted to fly like a bird.我想象 鸟一样飞。We flew to Beijing yesterday.昨天我们乘飞机去的北京。He flew back to London.他飞回了伦敦。 Mr. Li flew to Shanghai尸Mr.Li went to Shanghai by plane/air.=Mr.Li t
3、ook a plane to Shangha李先生乘飞机去上海了。 2)意为“飞逝”。 例如:How times flies!时间过得真快呀!2.swam in a swimming pool 在游泳池里游泳【重点注释】swam为动词swim的过去式;swimming是动词swim的动名词形 式,在此用作定语,表示用途或功能,即 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 0 类似的表达还有: a sitting room 起居室,a reading room 阅览室, a waiting room 候车室。3.Did you do anything interes
4、ting last weekend? 上个周末你做什么有趣的事情了【重点注释】anything意为“任何事情”,它是不定代词,常用于否定句或疑 问句中。例如:He didn' t do anything this morning.今天早上他没做任何事情。 anything interesting意为“有趣的事;任何有趣的事情”,形容词interesting修饰 不定代词anything应后置,在句中作后置定语(即形容词应位于不定代词之后)。【语法】当形容词修饰something/anything/nothing等不定代词时,形容词要位于 不定代词之后。例如:He told us som
5、ething interesting.他告诉了我们一些有趣的 事。This isn' t anything important.这并不是什么重要的东西。Is there anythinginteresting in today' s newspaper笠天的报纸上有什么有趣的事情吗?【拓展记忆】1)不定代词something一般用于肯定句中;anything一般用于否定 句、疑问句和条件状语从句中;nothing表示否定含义,构成否定句。例如:I have something to tell you.fI don' t have anything to tell you
6、./I have nothing to tell you. f Do you have anything to tell me?(Do you have nothing to tell me?) If you want anything,call me.如果你想要任何东西,给我打电话。2) something可用于提建议 或请求的问句中,以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。例如: Would you like something to eat?你想要吃的东西吗? 3)不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动 词一般用单数形式。例如:Nothing can make me cry什么也不能使我哭。som
7、ething, anything 与 nothing观察下面四个例句,思考something, anything和nothing的区别,然后补全 思 考”和结论”中所缺内容。A. The boy has something to tell you.这个男孩有事要告诉你。B. Is there anything interesting intoday ' newspaper?今天报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?C. The teacherdidn 'say anything in class这位老师上课时什么也没说。D. The teacher said nothing in clas
8、s.这位老师上课时什么也没说。 【思考】A句是肯定句,用的是 ; B句是一般疑问句,C句是否定句, 两句用的是; D句和C句是同义句,D句用的是nothing,此句 表示否定意义。(something; anything )【结论】1. something多用在 句 中;anything 多用在 句或疑问句中。nothing意为 什么也没有”,是表示否定的不定代词,相当于2. 也可以用在表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的句子中。例如: Would you like something to eat?你想要点吃的吗?3. 从B句中的anything interesting可以看出,当有形容词修饰
9、这些不定代词 时,形容词要位于不定代词 (*之前"或 之后”。)(1.肯定;否定; not . anything 2. something 3.之后) 【运用】选用 something, anything或 nothing 填空。1. Lingling, come here, please. I have to tell you.2. We looked around, ancdidn 'find.3. is difficult if you put all your heart into it.(1. something 2. anything 3. Nothing )4
10、.My sister finished high school two years ago.我姐姐(妹妹)两周前中学毕业了。 【重点注释】 小学:primary school, elementary school grade school 中学:middle school(统称),junior high school(初中),senior high school(W中)。high形容词,意为“高级的;重要的"。例如:I knew him in high school.我 在中学时代就认识他了。 He is a high official.他是个高级官员。 high还可意为“高的”,强
11、调物体高出地面的空间高度。例如: The table is two metres high.这 张桌子两米高。The garden' s got very high walls.花园有很高的墙。The mountain is very high.这座山很高。 high还可作副词,主要修饰动词,意为“高地”。例 如:He jumps high.他跳得高。【试题链接Mount Qomolangma, “the roof of the world",is about 8844.43 metres .A.tall B.high C.highly D.height(tall指人或物的高
12、,不能指山脉的高;high可指物体的高,尤其指山脉的高; highly副词,意为“高度地”;height名词,意为“高度”。答案:B)ago副词,以前,常用于“一段时间+ago”结构中,意为“以前”,表示 “现在以前的某个时间”,常用于一般过去时态,two days ago两天前,amonth/year/week ago一个月 /一年/一个周以前。例句: I visited my grandma three days ago我三天前看望了我的奶奶。He left here five years age#五年前就离开这儿了。Two days ago I went to visit him.两天前
13、我去拜访了他。【助记】ago的用法: 立足现在往前算,ago出来挑重担。【辨析记忆】ago与beforeago副词多用于时间段之后,不能单独使 用,常与一般过去时态连用The train left ten minutes ago.火车10分钟前离开了。before介词后接时间点,谓语可用将来时、 现在时I 'll be back before 10 o 'clock.Please come to school before 8:00训"在前面”Don't stand before me.表示顺序,意为“比先, 在之前”Spring comes before s
14、ummer.春大先,夏天到来。连词引导时间状语从句,意为“在 之前”,主句是一般将来时态时, 从句用一般现在时He will come to see you before he leaves Beijing.他离开北京之前会来看 你。5 .First,we took a long bus ride to a lake in the countryside. 首先,我们搭乘一辆长 途公共汽车来到乡下的一个湖(边)。【重点注释】ride此处是可数名词,意为“(乘车的)旅行,旅程”。例如:He gave me a ride to the plazatfc 让我搭车去市场。 It's only
15、 a 5-metre ride to the park by bus. 乘坐公共汽车去公园仅需 5分钟。It s a twenty-minute train ride from here.从这里 乘火车需要20分钟。【拓展记忆】1) ride作名词时,常用短语:*go for a +交通工具+ride =go for a ride on/in+a/an/the隹通工具“开/骑/坐(乘)兜风”。例如:We went for a car ride.=Wewent for a ride in the car我们去开(坐)车兜风了。we went for a ride on the horseback
16、. 我们骑马。Shall we go for a ride in the car?ft们开车兜一会儿风好吗? Let's go for a ride on horseback我们出去骑马兜兜风吧。 have/take a ride“兜风”,have/take a ride on/in+a/an/the短通工具=have/take a 较通工具 +ride "骑/坐(乘)兜风”。例如:I had a ride on a horse for an hou我骑了一个小时的马。 He often takes a ride when he is free当他有空时,他经常去兜风。He
17、took a ride on a bus in the city.=Hetook a bus ride in the city他乘公共汽车在市里兜了一圈。2) ride还可作动词,意 为“骑(马等);乘(车)”等。例如:Can you ride a bike?尔会骑自彳T车吗? The boy is riding a horse这个男孩正骑着马。He learned to ride a horse at the age of nine. 他9岁时学会了骑马。6 .There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook
18、 food on.在那里,我们搭起帐篷,生火取暖并(在上面)做饭。【重点注释】此处put是put的过去式,与原形put一样。(【思考】该句的否 定句怎么变化呢?) put up此处是 搭起(建)”,还可意为 举起;张贴;建造(起)",put up a tent搭建帐篷,put up hands举起手,put down放下(take off取 下),put off 推迟/脱下(=take off 脱下)。例如:Please put up your hand if you have any question 如果你有问题就请举手。Put down your guns and put up
19、 your hands.把枪放下,举起手来。The teacher put up a map of China on the wa医师在墙上挂 起了一张中国地图。You' d better puup a notice here你最好在这儿贴一张通知。 We re going to put up a building her我们打算在这里盖座楼。They put up manybuildings last year 他 4去年盖 了 许多楼。 The meeting will be put off till next week. 会议延期至U下周。I put off my sweater
20、 after coming into the room .我进屋后脱下毛 make a fire意为“生火”,句中 made是 make的过去式。例如:He went back home and made a巾re他回到家里,生起了火。keep us warm意为“使得我们暖和;保持我们暖和",keep意思是“使处于某种状态(情况)”,在这种情况下,keep常跟复合结构(“keep+宾语+宾语补 足语”),意为“保持”,其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语 或现在分词等充当。例如: We should keep our classroom clean and tid飒们应保 持
21、教室整洁干净。You' d better keep the child away from the巾re你最好让孩子离 火远一点儿。The bad weather keeps us inside the hous坏天气使我们不能出门。Don' t keep me waiting for long.另让我等太久。 He kept me waiting for an hour.他 让我等了半个小时。【拓展记忆】keep用作不及物动词,意为“保持、继续(处于某种状态)",keep 为连系动词。例如:Please keep quiet.青保持安静。We' re kee
22、ping in very good health.我们身体非常好。本旬的主体部分是 we put up tents and made a firq 其后的 to keep us warm and cook food on表达的是 made a fire的目的,即 make a fire是为了取暖和做饭,动 词不定式短语to keep us warm在句中作目的状语,表示目的(课本P.17: So these students go on a ropeway to cross the river to(go to)school. 旬末介词 on 后有所省 略(on a fire),以避免重复。【
23、试题链接 We can make a fire_the room warm so that you can chat for a while. A.to keep B.keeping C.keep D.kept(句意为:我们可以生火来保持房间暖和,以便你们可以聊一会儿此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语。答案: A)【拓展记忆】 课本原句 “made a fire to keep uwarm and cook food on. ” = "made a fire to keep us warm and to cook food on a fire., 意思是: 生火的目的是取暖和 做饭,而做
24、饭是在火上做。课本中 to keep 和(to ) cook都是make a巾re的 目的,句中省略了 to和a fire ,以避免重复。 试分析下题:Why don't you write?Sorry,I have no pen. A.to write B.to write on C.to write with(答案选Co这是一个动词回头现象。意思是“我没有钢笔写字” ,pen既做have的宾语 又做write的宾语。用笔写是“ write with the pen",不能说成“write the pen”。在 动词回头中省略掉第二个重复的宾语(the pen),所以选C。
25、)【思考】为什么有 的动词后加介词,有的不加介词呢?主要看 to后的动词是否及物,不及物动词 加名词前要先加一个介词( get to Beijing/arrive in Beijing/run to school/come to Rizhao)。例如:I have a small room to live in.我有个小房间住。(注意有 in)He is a pleasant fellow to work with .他是个很好共事的人。(注意有 in) I have a lot of things to do.(这个句子中不定式的动词 do是及物的,不用加介词。)7.On the first
26、 night,we just sat under the moon and told each other stories. 在第 一天晚上,我们就坐在月光下,互相讲故事。【重点注释】on the first night意为“在第一天晚上;在头一天夜里”,表示“在 具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上” 等的特定时间,常用介词on,而只说“在夜 里” 是 “at night”,在上午 “in the morning”,在下午 “in the afternoon”,在晚上“in the evening"。例如: On the evening of October 10th, she got a
27、 special gift.在 10月10日的晚上,她得到了一件特别的礼物。each other意为“互相;相互;彼止匕",相当于one another英语中each other 为代词,在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语;而在不及物动词之后,则要借助介词。 例如:They helped each othe他们互相帮助。We liked each other a 10tS们彼此都 很喜欢对方。 We help each other and learn from each oth峨们互相帮助,互相学 习。 We talked to each other.我们互相交谈。 The student
28、s borrowed each other' s notes学生们互借笔记。【注意】each other可加-'s构成所有格each other s。 8.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.但是我太累了,所以早早就睡着了。【重点注释】sothat“如此以至于;太以致”,引导结果状语 从句,其中so是副词,常常用来修饰形容词或副词;so后跟形容词或副词,that 后跟从句(句子)。常用句型有两种:(1)主语+谓语+so+形容词或副词+that从句。 例如:He is so young that he can ' t
29、 look after hmef此年轻,以至于他不能 照看自己。He was so angry that he couldn ' t say他 worte气, 以至于一句话 也说不出来。The boy ran so fast that I couldn ' t catch upwHhm®此快, 以至于我追不上他。 I was so tired that I went to bed as soon as I ate the supper太 累了,以致我一吃完晚饭就去睡觉了。She is so beautiful that many people like her.她太漂
30、亮了以致很多人喜欢她。The coffee is so hot that I can't drink now咖啡太热 了 以致于我现在不能喝。 The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy bo助人太 强壮了以致他可以抬起这个重箱子。He was so clever that he can understand what Isiad他太聪明了以致他可以理解我讲了什么。The box is so light that he can carry it.箱子太轻了以致他能背起它。(2)主语+谓语+so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从
31、句。例如:She made so good a meal that we all ate far too mu(M做的饭菜那么好 吃,结果我们者B吃得太多了。 It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times展览是那么好,结果我去看了好几次。It was so fine a day yesterday that weall went out for a picnic.昨天天气很好,我们都出去野餐了。【试题链接The soccer match was exciting that everyone was cheeri
32、ngand jumping.A.very B.so C.too D.to(句意为“这场足球赛是如此令人兴奋,以至于每个人都在欢呼跳跃”。“如此 以致”用" so-that”来表示。答案:B)【试题链接】Zhou Libo is Shanghai' s favourite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively shows werehot that tickets sold out in minutes.A.very B.too C.such D.so(句中的句型为so - that- -,意为“如此以至于”
33、 ,so用来修饰形容词或副词,such也构成这一巨型,但such用来修饰名词。答案:D)9 .The next morning,my sister and I got a terrible surprise.第二天早上, 我和我的姐姐大吃一惊。【重点注释】 辨析: the next morning 与 next morningthe next morning“第二天早上”,是以过去或将来 某一时间为起点的第二天早上We started the next morning. 第二天早上,我们出发了。next morning“明天早上”,是以现在为起点的 第二天早上We will visit him
34、 next morning. 我们明天早上会去看望他。get a surprise意为“吃惊”,其中surprise为可数名词,意为“惊奇;惊讶”, 表示“令人吃惊的事物”。例如:And that is a surprise这是一个惊喜地发现。My father will give me a surprise on my birthday.我父亲会在我生日那天给我一份惊 喜。I got a surprise when I saw the balL看账单我吃了一惊。【拓展记忆】1) surprise还可作不可数名词,意为“惊奇,吃惊”,表示“惊讶”, 常用短语为:get a surprise吃,
35、原,in surprise 吃,原地,to one s surprise令(使)某 人吃惊的是(ones需用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格)。例如:The students looked at the teacher in surpris学生们惊奇地看着老师。 She jumped up in surprise. 她惊讶地跳了起来。To my surprise,he didH t pass the exam使我吃惊的是,他考试 没及格。To my surprise,you speak English so wel冷我惊讶的是,你英语讲得这么 好。To the teachers surprise,
36、he can sing the ABC son典老师惊奇的是,他会唱字 母歌。To my parents surprise,I was back home early 是我父母惊奇的是,我早回 家了。2) surprise可作及物动词,意为“使吃惊,使惊奇" ,surprise sb使某人吃 惊。例如:The news surprised Mike那则新闻使迈克很吃惊。The news surprised me. 这消息使我感到惊奇。【辨析记忆】surprise, surprised与 surprisingsurprise名词惊奇,惊讶Bill looked at him in su
37、rprise.动词使感到吃惊The news surprised us.surprised形容词感到惊讶的,形容人We are surprised at the surprising news.我们 对这则惊人的新闻感到惊讶。surprising形容词令人惊奇的,形谷事物【试题链接We looked at each other surprise when we heard a bird singing“Happy birthday to you” .A.in B.to C.by D.at(句意为“当我们听到一只鸟在唱祝你生日快乐时,我们互相惊讶地看了看”。 in surprise意为“惊讶地,
38、惊奇地”。答案:A)10 .When we looked out of our tent,we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. 当我 们向我们的帐篷外看时,我们看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。【重点注释】100k out of意为“朝/向 外看",out of为动态介词,表示“从 里面向外”,反义词是into,意思是“进入,到里"。例如:Don' t 100k out ofthe window.另向窗外看。 Please don t look out of the window in class.上课期间请 不要向窗外看
39、。I' m looking into the house我正往房子里看。She came into the house她走进了房间。【拓展】look out意为“当心;小心”。例如:Look out!Here comes the carb心!小汽车来了。see sb.doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”,表示看到动作正在发生,强调 动作的连续性,进行性;see sb. do sthg为“看见某人做某事了”,表示看见某人 做某事的全过程,强调动作的完整性,真实性。例如: I saw him working in the garden yesterday、天我见他正在花园里干活。
40、(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作) I saw him work in the garden yesterday昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了” 这个事实)I saw her playing basketball on the playgroun映看见她正在操场上打篮球。I saw him go into the shop我看见他走进了商店。【拓展记忆】像see这样的感官动词还有 hear, watch, feel等,他们都可以跟 doing或do(省to的动词不定式)作宾语补足语。【试题链接I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home.A
41、.plays B.playing C.to play D.played(句意:我在回家的路上,看到李明正在河附近玩。“看见某人正在做某事”用see sb.doing sthft示。答案: B)11 .I was so scared that I couldn't move.我是那么害怕,一动都不敢动。【重点注释】scared为形容词,意为“惊慌的;吓坏了的”,相当于afraid0 scared 占由动词scare变化而来的,指某物或人使你感到“恐惧的,害怕的”,主语是感 受到恐惧的这个人。常用短语:be scared 0fll怕,be seared to do sth#怕做某事。例如:
42、 Why are you so scared你为什么如此害怕? I was too scared to move.我吓得动弹不得。He was scared of snake他害怕蛇。The little girl is scared to cross the road这个小女孩害怕过马路。【辨析记忆】 scarec| scare与scaryscared形容词惊慌的,吓坏了的I felt scared because of the big dog.scare动词使恐惧The terrible movie scared me.scary形容词吓人的The movie is really scar
43、y.move此处作不及物动词,意为“移动”,后接地点名词作宾语时,需带介词t。, 表示“搬到" o Don' t move, or you' ll be in danger!不要动,否则你会有危险。We' re moving to Shanghai.我们要搬到上海去。 My family moved to Beijing two years ago两年前,我们全家搬到了北京。【拓展记忆】move还可用作及物动词,意为“移动;搬动”。例如:Move the chair to the room,please#把椅子移到房间里。12 .We shouted to o
44、ur parents to let them know about the danger. 我们对父母大声 叫喊,想(以便)让他们知道我们的危险(险情)。【重点注释】shout to意为“呼喊;喊叫"。例如:We shouted to the driver,but she didn't hear us我们大声向司机喊,但她没听见。(参见Unit 12 Section A课文全析【重点注释】15)【辨析记忆】shout to与shout atshout to一般指因跑离过远而/、得不大声 叫喊让别人听见,无感情因素It's too noisy here.You shou
45、ld shout to him. 这儿太吵了,你应该大点声跟他说。shout at多指因为生气、愤怒或其他原因 等而对某人大喊人叫Don t shout at me.别对我大吼大叫。let sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事",其中let为使役动词,其后需接省略to的 动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定形式可表示为let sb.not do sth.或don' t letsb.do sth.意为“不让某人做某事”。例如:Let him mome here at once让他立刻 至4这儿来。 Let him not come in.另让他进来。 His parents don
46、 t let him watch TV. 他家长不让他看电视。【拓展记忆】在let,make,have等使役动词后面应跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语 补足语。例如:What makes you think I' m a farmer?什么使你觉得我是一个农民? I will have my brother repair the radio for you.我会让哥哥给你修理收音机。【试题链接】China plans to let tourists the Xisha Islands in the SouthChina Sea this year.A.visit B.visits C.vi
47、siting D.visited(句意:中国今年计划让游客们参观在南海的西沙群岛。Let sb.do sth.表示“让某人做某事"。答案:A)13 .My dad started to jump up and down in their tent.我爸爸开始在他们的帐篷内上下跳跃。【重点注释】start此处作及物动词,意为“开始;着手”,作“开始”讲时相 当于bigin o start表示开始某一动作时,后面跟动词不定式或动名词所表达的意 思基本相同,start to do/doing sth.因为“开始干某事”。例如:The child started to cry/crying.
48、那个小孩开始哭了。 The birds startedto sing/singing at sunrise鸟儿在黎 明时开始歌唱。【拓展记忆】start的其他用法:1) start可作不及物动词,意为“动身;出发”, 例如:We started at six我们是六点出发的。He started for American last weekfifc上周动身去美国了。2) start with意为“以 开始;从 开始"。例如:Our lesson started with an English son族们的课是以一首英文歌曲开始的。Let's start with the first line.我们从第一行开始吧。jump此处作不及物动词,意为“跳跃”。它还可作及物动词。例如:She jumped when she heard the news4听至U那条消息时跳了起来。The fox jumped over the wa
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