国家开放大学电大专科《英语阅读(3)》2026-2027期末试题及答案(试卷号：2157)

1、国家开放大学电大专科英语阅读(3)2026-2027期末试题及答案(试卷号：2157)Part IRead Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A f B f or C on your answer sheet. (30 points9 3 points each)Passage 1Communication and

2、Gendcr in Business1 According to popular American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women's ways of talking are often ignored or misundersto

3、od in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles are both valid. Here are some of Tannen's main points.2 Conversational styles in boys and girls show up early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their rank in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the

4、 group. Therefore, men's conversational styles often use competition» while women try to keep the appearance of equality.3 Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt to restore the power balance in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibi

5、lityt women feel unjustly blamed.4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted by Western men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference： Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and the direct approach.u

6、sed by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.5 In business, women are often blamed if they “talk like a woman” (soft, indirect» cautious) > but are also blamed if they “talk like a man”(bossy, aggressive).6 We have strong negative images of women in authority： Wicked Witc

7、h and Mother, so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women.7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings. In a group of men and women, women tend to become silent bystanders, while men are active participants.8 Males and females in Western culture speak di

8、fferent body languages. Men often spread out their limbs, taking up a lot of space, gesture widely, speak in loud tones, and engage in direct eye contact. These behaviors communicate power and high status. Women hold in their limbs, take up little space, make small gestures, speak in soft voices, an

9、d lower their eyes frequently. These behaviors give away power and announce low status.9 Males interrupt females much more than they interrupt other males, and more oftenthan females interrupt either mates or females.10 Research has shown that there is nothing "natural" about male or femal

10、e language but that these gender habits simply show the stereotyped role in which society puts men andwomen.Questions 1 10 are based on Passage L1.vary (paragraph 1)A. are similarB.are differentC are universal2.valid (paragraph 1)A. acceptableB.foolishC. different3.show up (paragraph 2)A. changeB.ar

11、e the sameC. appear4.restore (paragraph 3)A. overpowerB.revengeC. bring back to the original position5.unjustly (paragraph 3)A. unfairlyB.unknownlyC. erpreted (paragraph 4)A. translatedB. understoodC. repeated7.aggressive (paragraph 5)A. unwilling to agree with othersB.easy to get along

12、 withC. ready to attack others8.bystanders (paragraph 7)A. outsidersB.onlookers(旁观者)C. participants9.limbs (paragraph 8)A. arms and legsB.newspapersC. ideas10. interrupt (paragraph 9)A. pushB.apologize toC cut into the conversationPart IIRead Passage 2 and choose either Af B or C to complete eacli o

13、f the following statements. WriteA, B or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each)Passage 2Translating Fashion1 It's seven o'clock in the morning and Natassia Antipova, a beautiful Russian financial consultant, is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking h

14、erself： "What shall 1 wear today?” A decade ago her choices were simpler. Then, there was one kind of mascara, one color eye shadow. Now, Natassia's bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon, Estee Lauder, and Nina Ricci. Her closets contain Levis and Armanis, as well as local brand names. Her

15、 awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded. In Tokyo, on the same day. Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company. Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit. In her English pocket-book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from

16、 Shisiedo, the Pokyo-based beauty company. Last year Maki had Japan's most popular cosmetic surgery procedure, a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western. The list goes on： Theglobalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time, a vast market for those companies who somehow

17、 have a look that translates worldwide.2 There's nothing new, of course, about the process of fashionable imitation. In Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas. This fashion remained popular for some time. "Likewise, after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066, French styles became chi

18、c. Thiskind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries. But what is new is the sheer size and depth of penetration of this global fashion.3 Consider Levi jeans, a company with a brand imprint carried by 2, 800 retail companies in 45 countries. Worldwide sales for 1996 were US$7. 1 billion. Or

19、 Estee Lauder, which since it went international in 1960, has penetrated 100 markets and racked up sales of $ 3. 4 billion in 1997. Or take China, whose women were forbidden as recently as 10 years ago to powder their noses in recent years, the fashion and cosmetics market has expanded by 20 to 30 p

20、ercent annually. But is this all a plot by greedy designerst manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image? Alison Lurie, author of The Language of Clothes, thinks not. She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days.4 Of far more importance to fash

21、ion trends, according to Marc Bourgery, an advertising consultant, is the question of how a country entertains itself. He gives the example of Japan, a country that has a love affair with golf and, more recently, withAmerican situation comedies. uJapanese people now want to be defined as witty, succ

22、essfuland affluent, and so that style has become cool and sought after. ”5 Bourgery > who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best in which countries, thinks that global fashion is not about the West dictating to the East. Rathert it is about a new feeling of interna

23、tionalism. "Armani, for example, does not set out to look authentically Italian, anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French,” observes Bourgery. " Instead, their footprint is a look which says 'I'm elegantt sophisticatedt successful,f and that translates worldwide. ”6 Wh

24、at it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making, a mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it. Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point. Russian women confide that not all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic impo

25、rts environmentally conscious teens twenty-some-thingst “are mad for the newest line of Russian skin care, Green Mama, macle exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Altai region of Sineria. " Beauty-conscious Syrians also claim that their traditional oils and scents are for them a treasu

26、re trove of beauty secrets. In their Damascus bathrooms, alongside the modern cosmetics, are pewter bowls which to mix Henna and bay leaft honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils.7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it can't be clearly defined. Today's concept of f

27、ashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before, and it's growing day by day.Questions 1120 are based on Passage 2.11. Russian women have fashion choices compared to a decade ago.A. the sameB moreC. fewer12. Rhinoplastry ispopular among women.A. JapaneseB. EuropeanC. Afri

28、can13. After the Norman invasion of Britain,styles became popular.A. JapaneseB. FrenchC. British14. The difference in fashion today is the.A. trend it createsB. choice of stylesC. size and penetration15. Levi jeans does business in countries.A. 100B. 2,800C. 4516. Alison Lurie says are making decisi

29、ons on fashion these days.A. designers and companiesB. people and culturesC. editors and manufacturers17. Marc Bourgery thinks dictates what global fashion is.A. the EastB. the WestC. internationalism18. Armani is most probably a (n) brand(商标)name.A. ItalianB. FrenchC. Japanese19. Today the makes fa

30、shion choices.A. consumerB. designerC. international market20. Fashion is today.A. specificB. diverseC. expensivePart IBRead Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet. (20 points, 2 points each)Passage 3Advertising1

31、 In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly identical. One manufacturer ' s toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturer's. Thus, manufacturers a

32、re confronted with a problemhow to keep saleshigh enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.2 One type of advertise

33、ment tries to appeal to the consumer's reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth.3 Another type of advertisemen

34、t tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essential boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example, the advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the cons

35、umers associate with fun.4 Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements

36、 are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you 一 may even be jealous when they see you driving the hot, new Aardvark car. Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love. This ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or

37、their low cost； instead the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy's cut finger. In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages. The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation “Ouch Bandages= love."5 On

38、e only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies.Questions 2130 are based on Passage 3.21. Consumer usually has the choice of several different products of the same brand in a competitive economy.22. The products

39、are more or less the same although they have different labels.23. Manufacturers have to advertise their products in order to stay in business.24. According to the passage, there are mainly four types of advertisements.25. A scientific approach is used to prove the true value of the product.26. In se

40、lling a product, appearance of truth may be more important than the truth of advertising.27. Ads associated with fun are likely to attract potential buyers.28. According to the passaget many automobile ads try to appeal to the consumer 1 s reasoning mind.29. The picture of a mother tenderly kissing

41、her small boy is to show the usefulness of bandages.30. People's desires can be more satisfied by the improved advertisements.Part IVRead Passage 4 and answer the following questions. Make your answers as short and clear as possible. (20 points, 4 points each)Passage 4London1 London is an intere

42、sting and exciting city. It is fashionable and full of life. Nearly a third of London's population today are young people with a modern outlook on life. Most of them earn good money and therefore they have much more freedom and independence than young people used to have. They set their own fash

43、ions in clothes； and they spend a lot of money on their entertainment.2 London is also more cosmopolitan today. And this, too, has helped to give new life to the capital. People of all nations, races and religions live and work in London. Thousands of foreign students are studying at London Universi

44、ty and at other educational centres. And every year several million visitors from all parts of the world visit London, either on business or for a holiday. Indeed, it sometimes seems as if there were almost more foreigners than Londoners in London.3 More than three million people live in inner Londo

45、n, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London. Thus, the total population of Greater London is over eight million.4 Besides the people living in London, thousands of men

46、 and women form towns and villages surrounding the capital work in London and travel to their offices daily by train or by car. Most of these people live in the suburbs, within about ten to twenty miles of central London； but many live in the countryt perhaps as much as thirty or forty miles away. T

47、hese thousands of people stream into London like an attacking army between 8：30 and 9；30 in the morning； and then they pack into the crowded trains, or their cars, and stream home again between about 4 ：30 and 6 ：30 in the evening.5 London is very busy and over-crowded. There is a continuous noise of traffic in all the main streets. The traffic never seems to stop, even during the night, and people always seem to be in a hurry. They appear to do everything in a rush, with an eye on the clock, as if they had only a short time t