非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略

1、非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略浙江省台州市实验中学 欧阳成竹（318000）【模式1】 名词 + 不定式（介词）(作定语)【策略】1、把握不定式动词的性质，要不要介词；2、把握不定式的逻辑主语，确定主、被动语态。3、理论指导：当句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时用主动形式。I want something to eat. (I eat.)I want a room to live in.(I live in the room.)Tomorrow I will go to Beijing, do you have anything to be taken?【模式2】不定式的省略（to）【策略

2、】1、无论肯定或否定，保留到to；2、如果不定式为被动式或完成式，则保留到be/have. -Would you like to go with me? -Id like to, but I have an important meeting to attend. Tommy liked to play football in the street, but his mother always told him not to. -I didnt tell her the bad news. Oh, you ought to have.【模式3】只带to【策略】1、部分动词的记忆（从不认识的单词

3、开始，动词略）；2、序数词 + 不定式 He pretended not to see me when I said hi to him in the street. Lao Wang is a hard-working man. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.【模式4】带不带to【策略】1、从不带to入手，注意例外； 2、理论指导：使役动词(let, make, have等后省to;get后带to);感官动词(see, watch, notice, listen, hear, feel等后省to);but (to)

4、do/except (to) do（谓语部分含实意动词的do则省to;无则带to。）;why (not) do(wh-词后接不定式的特例)。说明：参考答案为斜体，下同。 Sometimes our teachers _ us to do much homework.(let/make/have/get) Today morning, I had nothing to do but (except)_(to sleep/sleep) all morning. In winter, some animals have no choice but (except) _ (to hibernate/h

5、ibernate). Why not join us in the discussion? I often hear him sing this song.(He was often heard to sing this song.)【模式5】表示动作的目的（to）【策略】经过判断如表示动作目的，首先考虑使用不定式。 We climbed to the top of tower _ a better view of the area.(getting/got/having got/to get)-Why was a special meeting was called? - _. (To el

6、ect/Electing/Our electing/Elected)_ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.(To save/Saved/Saving/Having saved) 【模式6】只带doing【策略】1、部分动词的记忆（从不认识的单词开始，动词略）；2、句型结构；3、比较使用不定式的结构（同时关注不定式逻辑主语的引入结构）。 It is/was (no) + n. (use/good) + doing.（名词后

7、接doing） It is/was not any + n. (use/good) + doing.（名词后接doing）     It is no use arguing with him.     It is no use regretting the spoiled milk.It is/was + adj. + to do sth(形容词后接to do)It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.( 不定式逻辑主语的引入结构)【模式7】动名词的复合结构（关注否定式）【

8、策略】1、动名词复合结构的全面掌握（原式和略式句子成分）； 2、理论指导：动名词复合结构由“逻辑主语 + 动名词”构成。当此结构充当主语时，用原式即“名词所有格或形容词物主代词 + 动名词”；作宾语或表语时用略式即“名词普通格或宾格代词 + 动名词”。动名词复合结构的否定式中的not在逻辑主语之后。     _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(Tom will attend/Tom to attend/Tom attended/Toms attending)

9、0;    David apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.(his not being able/his being not able/him not to be able/him to be not able)     Is there any possibility of the film _ in Paris International Festival?(trying out/tried out/to try out/being tried

10、 out)【模式8】后接不定式与动名词之别【策略】1、基本理论；2、特别句型（参见模式6）；3、理论指导：双接，无含义差别；双接，含义差别不大（长短期习惯）；双接，含义不同（记忆特别的动词）；特别的动词有：stop doing sth / stop to do sth （停止做某事 / 停下来去做某事）remember doing sth / remember to do sth （记得做过某事 / 记住要去做某事）mean doing sth / mean to do sth （意味某事 / 打算做某事）forget doing sth / forget to do sth （忘记做过某事

11、/ 忘记去做某事）try doing sth / try to do sth （试着做某事 / 尽力去做某事）need doing sth / need to do sth （某事需要被做 / 需要去做某事）cant help doing sth / cant help to do sth （情不自禁做某事 / 不能帮忙做某事）【模式9】主动表被动【策略】1、基本理论和基本句型。 2、理论指导：英语中有些动词形式上是主动结构，但意义是被动的。如：wash, open, write, sell, let, blame等。       T

12、his kind of cloth washes easily.       The door opens easily.       The pen writes well.       The novel sells well.     be worth doing中的doing主动表示被动(比较be worthy of 结构)。   

13、0;   These books are worth reading.(只接动名词)       These books are worthy of being read/to be read.（既接动名词又接不定式）英语中有些动词，如want, need, require等后接动名词时主动表示被动，但接不定式时却用被动形式。 The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. This plan requires discussing/to be discussed. &#

14、160;   形容词后接的不定式作状语时主动表被动。     The articles written by Luxun are hard to read.     He is hard to get along with.【模式10】独立分词（结构）/独立主格结构【策略】1、从分析句子结构着手，注意主动（现在分词）和被动（过去分词），2、几点例外（例）。3、理论指导：当句子的主语与独立结构中的动词不形成逻辑上的主谓（主动）或动宾（被动）关系时，根据全句的含义加上自己的逻辑主语，此时形成独立主格

15、结构；部分非谓语动词词组需单独使用，此时形成独立分词（结构）。 _ a fine say, we decided to go out for a picnic. (Having/Being/What/It being)     The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat. (held, covered/holding, covering/holding, covered/held, covering)   

16、;  Time _ (permitting/permitted), they will start to do a new job.     To tell (you) the truth/believe it or not/lost in thought/suppose     Considering/Judging/Generally speaking/supposing【模式11】连词 + 分词（-ed）【策略】1、定语从句和状语从句与分词结构的相互转换，状语从句中的连词可保留； 2、分词多为-ed

17、分词，如动词为不及物动词类则用-ing分词。     When _ why he was late for the concert, the man made no answer. (asking/to ask/ask/asked)     The 18-storeyed building, when _, will shut out the sun lighting the rooms. (completing/complete/completed/to complete)   &#

18、160; It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by the boss.(questioned/questioning/having questioned/to be questioned)     If _ ill, Ill stay at home _ a good rest.(falling, taking/to fall, taking/fall, to taking/falling, take)【模式12】ed 分词（be + -ed + prep.）【策略

19、】1.基本词组的记忆与略化（省略be后的结构）;2.标志词by/as _ at failing in the exam, John felt unhappy.(Disappointed/To be disappointed/Disappointing/Having disappointed ) _ in a poor family, his parents couldnt afford to pay his schooling. (Born/Being born/Bearing/Having been born)_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from

20、London decided not to go home. (Attracting/Attracted/To be attracted/Having attracted)Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. (knowing/known/being known /to be known)【模式13】-ed. 与 ing.【策略】1、主动与被动；2、人（-ed）与物(-ing)。 We all felt _ (exciting/excited) at the _ news. (exci

21、ting/excited) The baby was _ (terrifying/terrified) by the _ (terrifying/terrified) characters in the movie. The _ (puzzling/puzzled) expression on her face suggested that she was _ (puzzling/puzzled) by the problem, as/which was _ (puzzling/puzzled), after all, she was a top student in the class.【模

22、式14】伴随状况（-ed / adj.）【策略】句子结构与省略。 He went to bed _. (drink/drank/drinking/drunk) =He went to bed and he was _. (drink/drank/drinking/drunk) He came home at last, tired and hungry.【模式15】找主句（主语多为人或非谓语动词的动作执行者）【策略】句子结构的特点与分析（给出部分不为句子或是从句即有连词出现）。 To be well fit for the job, _.A.    &#

23、160; a good knowledge of physics is needed.B.      one needs to have a good knowledge of physics.C.      it is required to have a good knowledge of physics.D.     a good knowledge of physics is important. With nothing left to burn

24、, _(the fire became weak and finally died out.) Tired of the noise, _.(he shut the door/the door had been shut/he had shut the door/the door was shut)     _ again and again but he didnt tell me the truth.(He was asked/Having been asked/Having asked him/Though he was asked)【模式16】拆

25、分句型结构或词组【策略】1、什么是拆分，怎样拆分；2、拆分后的句式结构走向（定语从句或过去分词）。    What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house?(getting/having got/being got/to get)    Great efforts should be made _ up higher education to meet the needs of industry and agriculture.(speeding/

26、to speed/speed/and speed)    Mr Green was disappointed to see the washing machine he had had _ went wrong again. (repaired/to repair/repairing/it to be repaired)    Whom do you think the teacher _ the composition?(had written/had write/had to write/had wrote)【模式17】区分及物动词与不及物动词（模式1/10）【策略】1、动词识记的重要性；区分及物和不及物动词；2、系动词居多。 _ good, the food was sold out soon.(Tasting/Tasted/Being tasted/Having been tasted)The picture _ on the wall is painted by my brother. (hanging/having hung/being hung/hangs)     The flo