重力坝设计实例

1、 目录第一章 调洪计算11.1调洪演算的目的11.2调洪演算的基本原理和方法11.2.1 调洪演算原理11.2.2调洪演算方法21.3调洪的基本资料21.4 调洪演算过程21.4.1 方案一21.4.2方案二9第二章 非溢流坝段设计计算172.1 坝顶高程的确定172.1.1 正常蓄水位时坝顶高程的确定172.1.2 校核蓄水位坝顶高程的确定18第三章 非溢流坝段的稳定和应力分析203.1 坝体自重203.2 上下游坝面水重213.2.1 设计工况213.2.2 校核工况233.3 上、下游水平静水压力243.3.1 设计工况243.3.2 校核工况243.4 浪压力253.4.1 基本数据2

2、53.4.2 波浪要素计算及波态判别253.5 淤沙压力273.5.1 基本数据273.5.2 计算273.6 扬压力273.6.1 基本数据273.6.2 计算步骤283.6.2.1 设计工况283.6.2.2 校核工况29第四章 溢流坝段的设计计算314.1 溢流坝段总长度（溢流孔口的总宽度）的确定314.2 闸门高度的确定314.3 定型设计水头的确定32第五章 堰面曲线设计335.1 曲线方程335.2 堰顶下游曲线方程335.3 直线与曲线交点坐标345.4反弧圆心确定34第六章 中间直线段设计35第七章 下游消能设计367.1 基本资料367.2 消力戽体型的选择367.2.1 消

3、力戽半径的确定367.2.2 消力戽底部高程的决定377.2.3 戽式消力池长度的决定377.2.4 戽式消力池出射角的确定377.2.5 戽坎高度的确定377.3 戽式消力池与宽尾墩联合消能比较试验387.4 台阶溢流坝面的设计387.5 溢流坝及消能工设计38第八章 水力校核40附录41参考文献43某重力坝设计计算书学 生：潘震生指导老师：黄耀英三峡大学科技学院第一章 调洪计算1.1调洪演算的目的由正常蓄水位等基本资料，通过调洪演算来确定设计洪水位和校核洪水位，从而来确定坝高。1.2调洪演算的基本原理和方法1.2.1 调洪演算原理(a) 库容曲线Z-V，以及用水力学公式计算Q-Z关系；(b

4、) 分析确定调洪开始时的起始条件，起调水位357m；(c) 本次调洪计算采用水能规划书中介绍的列表试算法计算，依据书中所给的水库洪水调节原理，采用水量平衡方程式，当采用开敞式溢流时，可利用下式计算 。1.2.2 调洪演算方法在洪水来临前，用闸门控制下泄流量，让水库保持在起调水位357m，河流来流量继续增大于是闸门全开。先假定一个水位，根据，可以确定下泄流量，然后根据采用水量平衡方程式求出V后,从而求出了时段末的库容，再根据库容曲线Z-V可以求出计算水位，从而与假定水位对照如果其与假定水位相等则试算完毕，否则重新假定水位重复上面的过程直到两者相等。1.3调洪的基本资料ST水电站坝址设计洪水过程线

5、，水库正常蓄水位365.00m ，起调水位357m。本工程采用两种不同的泄水建筑物的尺寸，对着两种不同方案进行洪水调节，最终比较结果确定最优的泄水建筑物尺寸。(1)溢洪道堰顶高程344.00m ，采用8孔15m ×21m (宽×高)的平板闸门控制。(2)溢洪道堰顶高程343.00m ，采用7孔15m ×23m (宽×高)的平板闸门控制1.4 调洪演算过程1.4.1 方案一溢洪道堰顶高程344.00m ，采用8孔15m ×21m (宽×高)的平板闸门控制表1-1 P=0.05%时的计算表时间t设计流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量库容万m3库

6、容变化量水位m7/24 155905590 56009.203577/24 4650060456500 6045 56009.203577/24 7711068057110 6805 56009.203577/24 10804075758040 7575 56009.203577/24 13925086459250 8645 56009.203577/24 1610200972510200 9725 56009.203577/24 19109001055010900 10550 56009.203577/24 22116001125011600 11250 56009.203577/25 11

7、27001215012182.811891.456567.7558.54 357.24 7/25 4139001330012844.3 12513.657707.91140.17 357.72 7/25 7158001485014006.0 13425.259645.41937.50 358.53 7/25 10177001675015491.514748.8 62030.62385.21 359.54 7/25 13187001820016742.9 16117.264144.32113.69 360.36 7/25 16190001885017590.817166.865666.31521

8、.93 360.91 7/25 19191001905018164.917877.8 66676.21009.96 361.28 7/25 22192001915018560.518362.767366.9690.69 361.53 7/26 1198001950019032.6 18796.5 68195.7828.84 361.83 7/26 4207002025019676.8 19354.7 69300.91105.11 362.23 7/26 7216002115020423.1 20049.970571.91271.08 362.68 7/26 10229002225021391.

9、4 20907.2 72201.21629.31 363.27 7/26 13245002370022618.4 22004.974233.42032.16 364.01 7/26 16261002530024023.6 23321.0 76476.02242.56 364.82 7/26 19279002700025474.424749.079095.72619.70 365.65 7/26 22295002870026953.2 26213.881846.22750.52 366.50 7/27 1309003020028459.727706.4 84481.82635.57 367.31

10、 7/27 4320003145029807.0 29133.3 86850.22368.47 368.05 7/27 7323003215030760.5 30283.7 88512.91662.65 368.56 7/27 10324003235031401.7 31081.1 89591.01078.13 368.89 7/27 13322003230031712.6 31557.2 90117.4526.39 369.05 7/27 16321003215031857.0 31784.8 90379.8262.43 369.13 7/27 19313003170031648.0 317

11、52.590003.9-375.91 369.02 7/27 22297003050030854.5 31251.388757.0-1246.9 368.63 7/28 1279002880029760.5 30307.5 86747.7-2009.3368.01 7/28 4263002710028441.3 29100.9 84435.1-2312.7 367.30 7/28 7241002520026809.5 27625.4 81508.8-2926.2 366.40 7/28 10220002305025016.825913.2 78250.6-3258.2 365.39 7/28

12、13205002125023266.0 24141.4 75263.3-2987.3 364.38 7/28 16191001980021608.222437.172554.4-2708.9 363.40 7/28 19178001845020122.1 20865.2 70046.6-2507.9 362.49 7/28 22166001720018757.8 19439.9 67716.2-2330.4 361.65 7/29 1155001605017522.2 18140.0 65532.2-2184.0 360.87 7/29 4146001505016421.7 16971.963

13、564.8-1967.4 360.16 7/29 7138001420015378.0 15899.861860.6-1704.2 359.46 7/29 10130001340014423.014900.5 60323.7-1536.9 358.82 7/29 13123001265013581.714002.358939.5-1384.2358.23 7/29 16118001205012879.413230.557773.8-1165.8357.74 7/29 19115001165012348.812614.156857.0-916.74 357.36 7/29 22112001135

14、011907.812128.3 56092.6-764.46 357.04 7/30 1111001115011594.2 11751.055558.9-533.71 356.81 7/30 4114001125011519.6 11556.9 55429.7-129.15 356.76 7/30 7117001155011594.211556.955544.0114.29 356.80 7/30 10119001180011703.011648.6 55756.8212.81 356.89 7/30 13122001205011894.1 11798.6 56087.1330.33 357.

15、03 7/30 16128001250012245.0 12069.6 56686.5599.41 357.29 7/30 19147001375013204.2 12724.658302.01615.51 357.97 7/30 22152001495013991.613597.9 59607.21305.11 358.52 7/31 1158001550014705.814348.760788.91181.79 359.01 7/31 4160001590015229.1 14967.461621.6832.63 359.36 7/31 7158001590015461.6 15345.3

16、61987.1365.50 359.52 7/31 10155001565015475.0 15468.3 62014.026.97 359.53 7/31 13154001545015446.615460.861963.7-50.37 359.51 7/31 16154001540015431.7 15439.261929.4-34.24 359.49 7/31 19156001550015491.5 15461.662046.6117.21 359.54 7/31 22159001575015656.315573.962309.9263.25 359.65 8/1 116100160001

17、5836.7 15746.5 62594.3284.40 359.77 8/1 4163001620016032.915934.862882.8288.47 359.89 8/1 7164001635016169.2 16101.163132.0249.25 360.00 8/1 10166001650016336.4 16252.8 63416.8284.74 360.10 8/1 13168001670016511.716424.0 63728.1311.37 360.21 8/1 16169001685016657.0 16584.4 63990.5262.42 360.31 8/1 1

18、9171001700016825.8 16741.464286.7296.13 360.42 8/1 22173001720016999.8 16912.8 64610.9324.22 360.53 8/2 1174001735017149.617074.7 64881.3270.41 360.63 8/2 4174001740017242.5 17196.1 65051.4170.08 360.69 8/2 7173001735017258.017250.3 65096.745.34 360.71 8/2 10170001715017169.7 17213.9 64913.4-183.32

19、360.64 8/2 13167001685016995.2 17082.5 64594.6-318.78 360.53 8/2 16166001665016841.216918.264334.1-260.48 360.43 说明最高水位出现在7月27日16时到19时之间,下面对此时间段进行调洪演算时间t设计流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量库容万m3库容变化量水位m7/27 16321003215031857.0 31784.890379.8 262.43 369.13 7/27 173183331966.531857.031857.090371.2-8.64 369.13 7/27 183156

20、631699.531780.0 31828.590286.9-92.87 369.11 7/27 19313003143331724.0 31762.090134.3 -236.87 369.06 所以由上面的调洪演算可知道大坝校核洪水位为369.13m对应的下泄流量为31857.01m3/s表1-2 P=0.2%时的计算表时间设计流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量库容万m3库容变化量水位m7/24 14880488056009.203577/24 4567052755670527556009.203577/24 7620059356200593556009.203577/24 1070106605

21、7010660556009.203577/24 13806075358060753556009.203577/24 16892084908920849056009.203577/24 19946091909460919056009.203577/24 2210100978010100978056009.203577/25 11110010600111001060056009.203577/25 4121001160011949.0 11524.556172.3163.14 357.07 7/25 7138001295012664.912306.9 57398.31225.91 357.58 7

22、/25 10153001455013696.313180.6 59130.31732.00 358.31 7/25 13162001575014691.1 14193.760759.91629.66 359.00 7/25 16164001630015379.515035.361862.11102.18 359.46 7/25 19165001645015836.715608.162578.5716.40 359.77 7/25 22166001655016138.915987.8 63076.5498.00 359.98 7/26 1171001685016504.1 16321.56372

23、0.1643.62 360.21 7/26 4178001745016995.216749.664589.3869.22 360.53 7/26 7186001820017595.517295.365674.21084.88 360.92 7/26 10197001915018395.6 17995.567083.01408.80 361.43 7/26 13210002035019392.418894.068819.21736.18 362.05 7/26 16224002170020564.219978.370801.81982.62 362.77 7/26 192400023200219

24、09.621236.973059.42257.59 363.58 7/26 22254002470023300.322605.075327.12267.68 364.40 7/27 1266002600024597.0 23948.677490.32163.26 365.16 7/27 4275002705024567.324582.280657.63167.28 366.13 7/27 7278002765026881.325724.381649.8992.18 366.44 7/27 10279002785027259.527070.482341.5691.70 366.65 7/27 1

25、3277002780027422.227340.9 82641.5300.05 366.75 7/27 16276002765027494.627458.4 82755.4113.87 366.78 7/27 19269002725027272.227383.4 82353.5-401.95 366.66 7/27 22256002625026648.1 26960.1 81221.6-1131.9 366.31 7/28 1240002480025651.126149.679438.4-1783.1365.76 7/28 4226002330024527.2 25089.177357.0-2

26、081.4365.11 7/28 7207002165023009.723768.474862.6-2494.4364.23 7/28 10189001980021383.1 22196.472180.9-2681.7 363.27 7/28 13177001830019942.920663.069758.5-2422.4 362.39 7/28 16165001710018616.1 19279.5 67473.2-2285.4361.57 7/28 19154001595017397.718006.965315.6-2157.5 360.79 7/28 22144001490016275.

27、5 16836.6 63290.1-2025.6360.06 7/29 1135001395015154.8 15715.1 61502.9-1787.2 359.31 7/29 4127001310014171.2 14663.0 59914.1-1588.9 358.64 7/29 7120001235013313.5 13742.358495.5-1418.6358.05 7/29 10113001165012529.5 12921.557167.6-1327.9 357.49 7/29 13107001100011825.7 12177.6 55951.8-1215.8 356.98

28、7/29 16103001050011243.011534.4 54933.4-1018.4 7/29 1999901014510762.7 11002.954098.9-834.53 356.20 7/29 229800989510407.110584.9 53443.2-655.69 355.92 7/30 19650972510120.3 10263.7 52935.2-507.97 355.71 7/30 49920978510050.4 10085.4 52794.4-140.78 355.65 7/30 7102001006010107.4 10078.9 52894.5100.0

29、4 355.69 7/30 10104001030010211.3 10159.3 53098.3203.80 355.77 7/30 13106001050010354.8 10283.0 53363.1264.84 355.89 7/30 16112001090010675.410515.153929.7566.54 356.12 7/30 19128001200011479.0 11077.255356.41426.71 356.73 7/30 22133001305012177.3 11828.1 56568.91212.50 357.24 7/31 1138001355012809.

30、2 12493.3 57639.01070.08 357.69 7/31 4139001385013232.5 13020.9 58359.8720.87 357.99 7/31 7137001380013417.4 13325.0 58665.0305.21 358.12 7/31 10135001360013445.913431.7 58723.458.41 358.14 7/31 13134001345013431.7 13438.8 58689.3-34.19 358.13 7/31 16134001340013417.4 13424.5 58670.5-18.79 358.12 7/

31、31 19136001350013488.7 13453.1 58790.6120.17 358.17 7/31 22138001370013611.7 13550.2 58994.0203.35 358.26 8/1 1140001390013760.9 13686.3 59252.2258.19 358.37 8/1 4142001410013941.0 13851.0 59531.9279.72 358.48 8/1 7143001425014078.4 14009.759771.3239.36 358.58 8/1 10144001435014208.914143.7 59977.62

32、06.35 358.67 8/1 13145001445014325.3 14267.1 60166.3188.66 358.75 8/1 16147001460014471.3 14398.3 60413.3247.05 358.85 8/1 19148001475014603.0 14537.160626.1212.76 358.94 8/1 22150001490014764.6 14683.8 60880.3254.26 359.05 8/2 1151001505014897.2 14830.961099.3219.01 359.14 8/2 4151001510014981.4149

33、39.361227.5128.06 359.20 8/2 7150001505014988.8 14985.161239.512.08 359.20 8/2 10148001490014912.014950.4 61118.6-120.93 359.15 8/2 13145001465014749.9 14830.960848.7-269.85 359.04 8/2 16144001445014603.0 14676.4 60629.5-219.24 358.95 说明最高水位出现在7月27日16时到19时之间,下面对此时间段进行调洪演算时间设计流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量库容万m3库容变化量

34、水位m7/27 16276002765027494.627458.482755.4113.88366.787/27 1727366.727483.327474.727484.682716.5-38.87366.777/27 182713327249.827422.227448.482612.4-104.10366.747/27 192690027016.527252.627337.282353.5-401.95366.66所以由上面的调洪演算可知道大坝设计洪水位为366.78m对应的下泄流量为27494.56m3/s。在方案一：溢洪道堰顶高程344.00m ，采用8孔15m ×21m

35、 (宽×高)的平板闸门控制下：大坝设计洪水位为366.78m对应的下泄流量为27494.56m3/s；大坝校核洪水位为369.13m对应的下泄流量为31857.01m3/s。1.4.2方案二溢洪道堰顶高程343m ，采用7孔15m ×23m （宽×高）的平板闸门控制表1-3 P=0.05%时的计算表时间t设计流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量库容万m3库容变化量水位m7/24 15590559056009.203577/24 4650060456500604556009.203577/24 7711068057110680556009.203577/24 1080407

36、5758040757556009.203577/24 13925086459250864556009.203577/24 1610200972510200972556009.203577/24 191090010550109001055056009.203577/24 221160011250116001125056009.203577/25 1127001215011990.511795.3 56775.4766.21 357.32 7/25 4139001330012687.9 12339.258084.51309.04 357.87 7/25 7158001485013843.91326

37、5.9 60197.02112.58 358.76 7/25 10177001675015304.714574.3 62784.02586.95 359.85 7/25 13187001820016513.6 15909.1 65145.42361.37 360.73 7/25 16190001885017393.216953.4 66880.71735.39 361.35 7/25 19191001905018008.1 17700.668060.01179.26 361.78 7/25 22192001915017649.7 17828.969734.31674.32 362.38 7/2

38、6 1198001950019215.018432.470366.1631.79 362.61 7/26 4207002025018819.5 19017.3 72397.02030.90 363.34 7/26 7216002115020778.8 19799.2 73283.9886.93 363.66 7/26 10229002225021568.2 21173.5 74722.31438.38 364.18 7/26 13245002370022669.5 22118.8 76699.31976.95 364.90 7/26 16261002530023863.2 23266.3 79

39、115.12415.79 365.66 7/26 19279002700025263.6 24563.4 81962.42847.29 366.54 7/26 22295002870026751.2 26007.4 84931.12968.75 367.45 7/27 1309003020028225.0 27488.1 87820.12888.98 368.34 7/27 4320003145029589.128907.190423.92603.77 369.15 7/27 7323003215030570.4 30079.792291.81867.99 369.73 7/27 103240

40、03235031216.130893.2 93570.51278.64 370.10 7/27 13322003230031544.931380.594278.0707.47 370.29 7/27 16321003215031735.9 31640.494671.2393.28 370.40 7/27 19313003170031590.031662.994358.0-313.22 370.32 7/27 22297003050030950.431270.293007.6-1350.4 369.95 7/28 1279002880029844.1 30397.2 90908.0-2099.6

41、 369.30 7/28 4263002710028559.8 29202.0 88467.4-2440.6 368.54 7/28 7241002520026974.7 27767.3 85362.8-3104.6 367.59 7/28 10220002305025223.4 26099.0 81881.5-3481.3 366.51 7/28 13205002125023584.1 24403.7 78550.7-3330.8 365.48 7/28 16191001980021972.7 22778.4 75448.3-3102.5 364.44 7/28 19178001845020

42、417.8 21195.2 72621.1-2827.2 363.42 7/28 22166001720019024.3 19721.070002.9-2618.2 362.48 7/29 1155001605017749.8 18387.067573.1-2429.8361.60 7/29 4146001505016631.1 17190.4 65379.5-2193.6 360.81 7/29 7138001420015646.5 16138.863385.3-1994.3 360.09 7/29 10130001340014642.0 15144.3 61611.9-1773.3 359

43、.36 7/29 13123001265013764.9 14203.4 60029.8-1582.1 358.69 7/29 16118001205013027.3 13396.158704.3-1325.5 358.13 7/29 19115001165012471.012749.157655.7-1048.7 357.69 7/29 22112001135012003.112237.056788.3-867.35 357.33 7/30 1111001115011674.2 11838.6 56168.2-620.12 357.07 7/30 4114001125011574.7 116

44、24.5 55979.5-188.72 356.99 7/30 7117001155011620.7 11597.7 56065.185.65 357.02 7/30 10119001180011721.5 11671.1 56257.9192.76 357.10 7/30 13122001205011890.2 11805.9 56592.5334.58 357.25 7/30 16128001250012226.2 12058.2 57212.2619.73 357.51 7/30 19147001375013138.5 12682.4 58898.61686.40 358.22 7/30

45、 22152001495013904.6 13521.5 60297.71399.08 358.81 7/31 1158001550014615.1 14259.8 61577.41279.67 359.34 7/31 4160001590015141.5 14878.3 62504.6927.21 359.74 7/31 7158001590015400.215270.8 62936.4431.84 359.92 7/31 10155001565015435.715417.963005.969.49 359.95 7/31 13154001545015422.0 15428.862982.1

46、-23.75 359.94 7/31 16154001540015413.8 15417.9 62967.2-14.90 359.93 7/31 19156001550015482.1 15448.0 63094.5127.30 359.98 7/31 22159001575015646.5 15564.3 63368.3273.73 360.10 8/1 1161001600015819.8 15733.263670.9302.62 360.23 8/1 4163001620016004.8 15912.3 63989.8318.87 360.36 8/1 7164001635016157.116080.9 64252.1262.32 360.47 8/1 10166001650016254.316205.764625.4373.34