英语状语从句超级实用课件

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语状语从句(赵留强)1. 定义：在复合句中作状语的从句2. 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句3. 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句未时，从句前一般不用逗号4. 解题思路： 理清主句和从句（有连词引导）之间的逻辑关系（原因，条件，方式，转折，结果，目的等） 翻译句子，找出意义上更适合的翻译 选定连词 5. 时间状语从句A连词：注意长得不像连词的连词（连接一个句子的词） As soon as, hardly/

2、scarcelywhen, no soonerthan，directly/ immediately( 一就)，the moment; by the time, next time, the first time, the last time, every time, any time, each timeB. when的四个句式（常用用法）与 时间点连用，具有突然性 be doing sth. when 当一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Charles D

3、e Gaulle Airport when the whole roof fell down. be about to do sth. when 正要 做某事， 另一个动作出现。1. I was about to cross the street when a car knocked me down.2. Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 3. I was about to leave my house when the telephone rang. had just done

4、 sth. when 当一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作刚刚结束。1. She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 2. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel when I heard the steps. hardly/ scarcely/ barely when 一 就注意：1. 当hardly/ sca

5、rcely/ barely置于句首，主句（过去完成时）+ 部分倒装（助动词提前）； 2.从句 过去时Hardly had he got to the railway station when the train left. (when 可以用before)The girl had hardly rung the bell when/ before the door was opened suddenly.注意：1. 有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。 2. whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。（让步状语从句=

6、 no matter when）You are always welcome whenever you come.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.He walks when he might take a taxi.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none.B. while 的四个用法 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候”；while 从句中只能接延续性动词。 表示前后两个句子的对比或转折Li likes playing basketball whil

7、e He likes reading books. 表示让步 “尽管”常用于句首 引导时间状语从句 表示“趁” 可以和before 替换Strike the iron while it is hot. = Strike the iron before it gets cold. C. before的四个用法（提示：before 从句往往带有否定的含义） 表示“还没 就”1. He had been tired out before he ran 3 circles.2. Goods had been passed away many times before they finally reac

8、hed their destination.3. They hung up the phone before I could answer it. 表示“需要多长时间才”【It will be + 段时 before 】1. It will be 16 years before Yang and Long meet again. 神雕侠侣The Condor Heroes2. How long it will be before China sends man to the moon. 表示“趁”Let the old man sign the Testament( 遗嘱= will) bef

9、ore he dies. 句式 It will not be long before或 It was not long before 不久就D. as的用法（还可引导 原因/方式状语从句） 表示“一边一边”The girl sang as she walked.E. till/ until/ not until用法A.注意：1. 肯定句 主句谓语动词（Verb）用 延V 2. 否定句 主句谓语动词（Verb）用 瞬V 3. till 引导时间状语从句不用于句首， until可以置于句首。 4. till在口语中更为常见 B. Not until 的强调句型和倒装句的变换方法：四步走战略”原句：

10、I didnt go to bed（主句） until I had finished my homework last night（从句）.第一步：划分主从句（有连词引导为从句）变倒装：第二步：合并 notuntil 为 not until + 从句（相当于一个词，词意为“直到” ）并置于句首。 Not until（直到） I had finished my homework last night（从句），+ 主句 第三步 ：因否定词置于句首，其后的主句部分 要 部分倒装（助动词 提前）Not until（直到） I had finished my homework last night（从句

11、），did I go to bed（主句）变强调句型第四步：否定词没有置于句首， 主句不再倒装。同时变时态。It was Not until（直到） I had finished my homework last night（从句） that I went to bed（主句）。E. since和 ever since用法1. It is/has been + 时间段+since clause + V过2. Since + 延续性动词 表示 “否定” Since + 瞬间动词 表示 “肯定”3. ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比s

12、ince强。Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.3since还可以用作副词或介词。The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent（ever）since.You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.F. 注意区分几个句式：It is/has been + 时间段+since clause + V过It is + 时间点 + when clauseIt is/

13、was that 强调结构（去掉结构为完整句子）It will be + 时间段 + before clause 需要时间才It was not long before clause 不久就Eg.It is 10 years since I left Anyang No.1 Senior High School.It is 10 years since I was a teacher in Anyang No.1 Senior High school.（延续性动词表示否定意思）It is 10 years since I got married.It is 10 years since I w

14、as married. It will be 10 years before I get married. （主将从现）It will not be long before I get married.It was 6: 00 when I left home to go to school.It was at 6: 00 that I left home to go to school.（强调结构）G. when, while, as的区别1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：When I got to the airpo

15、rt, the plane had already taken off. When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. When the movie ended, the people went back. 2)while侧重主句的动作发生在从句的时间之间，且从句的动词必须是延续性的。While we were chatting ,she was looking at the time table on the wall3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。as表示

16、 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。as表示随着，此用法不用when或while替换。Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfastHe looked behind from time to time as he went.As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.As the days went on, the weather got worse.H“一 就”的表达 1. as soon asHe will come and see you as soon as

17、he gets home.He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.2.【必背】一 就还可以用on /upon doing 结构来表示。On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.3. immediately instantly directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。They phoned her immediately they reached home.I recognized he

18、r instantly I caught a glimpse of her.We came directly we got your telephone.4. the moment, the minute, the instant, the second这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一就。Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results. I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 5. scarcely/hardly when, no

19、 soonerthan这两个短语都表示刚就，可以互换,主句通常用去完成时,从句用一般过去时。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.【注意】当hardly（=scarcely）, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.No sooner had

20、I got home than it began to rain.6. 地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）, anywhere和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。A. where 在地方，去地方Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（经典句型）I found my books where I had left them.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Keep it where you can see

21、it. He lives where the climate is mild. B.【注意】在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the book where it was.【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.C. 区别where引导的定语从句和状语从句。Put the book where it was. （状语从句）= Put the boo

22、k at the place where it was.（定语从句）I will go where I am needed most. （状语从句）= I will go to the place where I am needed most. （定语从句）D. wherever在任何地方，无论哪里（让步= no matter where）Wherever you go, you should do your work well.E. everywhereEverywhere they went, they were kindly received.F. anywhereIll take yo

23、u anywhere you like. 7. 原因状语从句A. 连词as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that , given that , since表“既然”，也可以引导原因状语从句。此时不得不提到可以表因果关系的并列连词for（猜测）等BBecause用法because 除用于引导原因状语从句外，还可引出表语从句。That is because youre eating too much. 汉语说“之所以是因为”，说成英语通常是The reason (why)is that 其中的that最好不用becau

24、se代替。The reason (why) Im late is that I missed the bus. （定语从句）because后接句子；介词短语because of后可接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. C. because = in that和for的区别。1 for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。be

25、cause表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.2for 表示的是推断解释（猜测），because强调动作发生的直接原因，推理性强可用于回答why的提问，for不可以。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.(不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）He went to bed early, because he was tired(直接的理由）3固定句

26、型中宜用because1. 强调结构It is/was because+从句+that2. 关联词not because +从句+but because+从句，不是因为而是因为3. not only because+从句+ but because +从句引导的原因状语从句中 Its because he helped you that Im prepared to help him.He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was i

27、ll.D. Since表原因= now that （that可以省略）1. 既然（已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理）。引导的原因从句多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同，不用于强调句中Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.Now you mention it again, I do remember.Eas 由于（又方都已知的原因理由最弱），不用于强调句中。As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.H. considering that, seeing

28、that, given (that) 这三个词和since, now that意思相近，都有鉴于（事实），考虑到的意思。Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.(seeing 后面的that可以省略)Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quitegood job.Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the rig

29、ht career for her. 【注意】considering 和 given 还可用作介词，意为“考虑到”Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 。Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 4not thatbut that不是因为而是因为Not that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.8. 目的状语从句A. so that，in

30、 order that表示为了，以便，所引导的目的状语从句中的谓语需要用情态动词修饰一般放在主句之后。so that引导的目的状语从句只能置于主句之后，而in order that前后均可Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.They hurried so that they might not miss the train.In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.【注意】当主从句的主语一

31、致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。They hurried so that they might not miss the train. They hurried so as not to miss the train.Betty saved money in order that she could uy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.Bin case, lest, for fear that几个短语都表示“

32、万一，惟恐”，含有否定的意义。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.Take an umbrella in case it rains.9. 结果状语从句Aso (that), sothat, suchthat等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。so, that, so that这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最为常用,so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。What has happened that you look so worried?I didnt plan the work well, so that/

33、so I didnt finish it in time.（so that从句常用逗号与主句隔开）Bsothat Sothat 如此以致。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：1 so + 形容词副词 + that-从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.2 so + 形容词 + a/ an + 单数名词 + that-从句He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.3so + many/few/ +复数名词+ that-从句I have had so

34、 many falls that I am black and blue all over.4so + much/little +不可数名词 + that-从句I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.【注意】little表示小的时候，前面用suchHe is such a little boy that he cant lift the box. 5.在so + 形容词/副词 + that-从句结构中，如将so + 形容词副词位于句首，主句谓语要倒装。So loudly did he speak that

35、 even the people in the next room could hear him.So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. Csuchthat such.that 如此以致。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：1such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that-从句Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.2such + 形容词 +复数名词+ that-从句They are such interes

36、ting novels that all of us want to read them.3such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that-从句He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.提示：such+ a /an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a an+单数名词结构互换。He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.The story he told us

37、 was so funny that we all laughed.【区别】such/ sothat引导的状语从句和such/ soas引导的定语从句。He is such a clever boy that we everyone likes him. (状语从句)He is so clever a boy that we everyone likes him (状语从句)He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)He is so clever a boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)Luckily such

38、earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage do no happen very often.(关系代词as在定语从句中作主语）Dsuch thatsuch that可以连用，意思是（是）这样.以致。Mothers answer was such that she didnt say yes and she didnt say no.His anger was such that he lost control of himself.10. 条件状语从句条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引

39、导条件状语从句的有 if, unless (=if not), so（as）long as, as（so）far as, on condition that, in case, providing， provided (that)， supposing， suppose (that)等。值得一提的是，条件状语从句通常用一般时态表将来时态。真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。A. if，unless (=if not)，only ifIf he doesnt come at 8:00, we wont wait for him. He is sure to

40、 come unless he has some urgent business.Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.【注意】if.not和unless通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的：1 unless多引导真实条件句，ifnot可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。He wont be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.He wont be able to pass the final exams if he doesnt work hard.He would pass

41、the final exams if he worked hard.（非真实条件句。含义是He doesnt work hard.）2如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，ifnot结构不能换成unless。Ill be quite glad if she doesnt come this evening.2 unless能作为介词使用，相当于except，而ifnot不可以。Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.Bso long as, as long as, on condition that这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是As

42、 /So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow.Cin case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于if it happens thatIn case I forget, please remind me of my promise.Send s a message in case you have any difficulty.Dpr

43、oviding, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.(that可以省略)I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid.Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? （仅用于疑问句）11. 让步状语从句让步状语从句由althou

44、gh, though, as, even if, even though, no matter +疑问词， whether（是否）, 等词引导。Aalthough, though这两个词意思一样，都解释虽然，尽管。although比though正式。1. although多用于句首。多数情况下可与though换用。Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pas the exam.2though可用于句首、句中或句末。Though he is poor, he is happy.I havent ch

45、ecked the information yet, though I think it is correct.My house, though it is large, is also made of stone and wood.【提示】有时though= and yet=however但是，然而，放在句子末尾，前面用逗号。It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.（= It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.）3. though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊，它可以倒装，也可以不倒装， 具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句

46、的用法。4.【注意】although, though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用。Although/Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.Though he was hungry, still he would not eat.B. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、 即使、 尽管”，必须采用倒装结构， “提前原形”Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. （表语）Child as he is, he can tell black from wh

47、ite. (倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)Brave man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Ceven if, even though这两个词语气比though, although强，解释即使，两者可以通用。We wont be discouraged even if/though w

48、e fail ten times.Even if/though you fail, you will have gained experience.Dwhile, whereas这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.。Eno matter (who, what, where, when, etc)这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。This is not true, n

49、o matter who says so.Do it no matter what others say.No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day.Fhowever, whatever, whenever, wherever这些词在意思上和用法上都等于no matter how /whatWhatever happens , we shall never lose hope.However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.Dont let them in, w

50、hoever (=no matter who) they are.【注意】no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 【误】No matter what you say is of no use now. 【正】Whatever you say is of no use now. （Whatever you say是主语从句） 【误】Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, 【正】Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.Gwhether.or (not) .意思是不管还是。Whet

51、her you believe it or not, its true. Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as planned.【提示】也可直接用or来连接两个相同结构来表示让步。Walking or sleeping, she always has the question in her mind.Hwhen表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或sinceHow can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none？He refuses help when he

52、 has many friends. I. granting that, granted that, admitting (that), for all (that), in spite of the fact, despite the fact that等Granted this is true, you are still in the wrong. Admitting that he is naturally clever, we do not think he will make much improvement. They are good people, for all that

53、their ways are not the same as ours. 12. 方式状语从句 常由as, as if，as though等词引导。Aas, （just）asso通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。这两个连词的意思是如，正如一样。just as 比as 语气要强一些。As water is to fish, so air is to man. = water is to fish what air is to man. Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. Do in Rome as the Romans do.Please do as you are told.（也可说Please do as told.）Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.Bas if, as though汉译作仿佛似的，好像似的It lo