定语从句复习1

1、定语从句复习1句子作定语叫做定语从句。定语从句放在先行词之后。 定语从句的引导词 定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词。1. 关系代词 (Relative pronoun)指代范围关系代词成分人who;that主语who;whom;that宾语(可省略)物which;that主语w hich;that宾语(可省略)whose定语（注意：介词后不用that）Do you still remember the chicken farm (that) we visited three months ago?I live in the house whose window faces the stre

2、et.(I live in the house the window of which faces the street.) 2. 关系副词 ( Relative adverb)指代范围关系副词成分时间when (= 适当介词+ which) 状语地点where (= 适当介词+ which)原因why (= for which)方式The way that / in which / 省略We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.The way that/ in which/不填he explained the

3、sentence to us was not difficult to understand. The way that/ which/不填 he explained to us was quite simple. 定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句的基本特征限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。从句与先行词之间没有逗号。He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more t

4、han two sons.)（二）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1. that, which当先行词指物，并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，用which/that引导定语从句。在限制性定语从句中有些情况下只能用关系代词that，不用which。(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。You should hand in all that you have. (2) 当先行词前面被the only, the very, any, few, little

5、, no, all等词修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. (4) 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. (5) 当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talki

6、ng about? (6) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Who is the boy that won the gold medal? (7) 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. (8) 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.2. who, whom当先行

7、词指人，并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，用who/that，不可省略；当先行词指人，并且关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，用whom/that/who，可以省略。She is the girl who lives next door.Thats the girl (whom/that) I teach.3. whose无论先行词指人还是物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略。whose+名词=the+名词+of + which / whom=of which/ whom + the+名词。Do you still remember the chicken farm (tha

8、t) we visited three months ago?I live in the house whose window faces the street.(I live in the house the window of which faces the street.) 20Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.Awhose Bwhich Cof which Dthat21Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasona

9、ble,Awhich price Bthe price of whichCits price Dthe price of whose22That tree, the branches _ are almost bare, is a very old one.Awhose Bof which Cin which Dof thatThis is the scientist whose achievements are well known.这就是那位成绩卓著的科学家。This is the house whose window broke last night.= This is the hous

10、e of which the window broke last night.= This is the house, the window of which broke last night.这就是昨晚窗子被打坏的那所房子。4. 介词+which/whom(1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，关系代词不能省略。In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关

11、系代词之前。This is the pen (which/that) Im looking for.（不可以说：This is the pen for which Im looking.）(2)当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which (指物)，that/whom/who (指人)作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are proud of.This is the pen (that / which) I wrote the letter with.5. asas引导的定语从句常和such,

12、so, the same, as 连用Ill buy the same dictionary as you have. 我要买和你一样的字典。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。It is known to all that having a good knowledge of vocabulary is basic to language learning.As is known to all, having a good knowledge of vocabulary is

13、 basic to language learning.(2) Point out that “as” can be used at the beginning of a sentence to refer to the main clause.There are some set phrases with “as”: as anybody can see/as we had expected/as often happens/as is mentioned above .(3) “As” can be used in restrictive attributive clauses in th

14、e form of “suchas, soas, thesameas”. Compare the following sentences. suchthat或sothat结构为状语从句，其中tha不在从句中充当成分。suchas或soas结构为定语从句，其中as 要在从句中充当主语宾语、表语等成分。It is such a big stone that nobody can lift it. (an adverbial clause)It is such a big stone as nobody can lift. (an attributive clause)His plan was su

15、ch a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. (2006陕西卷)Aas Bthat Cso Dand46Such a man _ you described doesnt seem to have ever existed.Awhich Bthat Cas Dwhat47Those houses are sold at such a low price_people expected.Alike Bas Cthat Dwhich48I have never heard so strange a story _ he told us.Athat Bwhi

16、ch C/ Das（三）限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when = 表时间的介词 (如：in, at, during等) which；where = 表地点的介词 (如：in, at, on, under等) which；why = 表原因的介词 (如：for) which；how = 表方式的介词（如：in）+ which。Can you tell me the office where he works? (= in which)Do you know the reason why he is absent? (= for which)非限制

17、性定语从句（一）非限制性定语从句的基本特点有逗号将主句和从句隔开的定语从句叫非限定性定语从句。 非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息， 只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从句，整个主句意义很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。My mother, who is 50 this year, lives with me now. 我的母亲50岁了，她现在和我住在一起。注意：非限定性定语从句中不用关系代词that（二）非限制性定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的用法非限制性定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的用法与限制性定语从句中的用法大体相当，但也有一些特别的地方，需要考生注意。1.

18、在非限制性定语从句中，不可用that引导从句。先行词指物时，只可用which。另外，which不仅仅指代先行词，还可以用来替代主句的整个内容或行为。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.海伦对最小儿子要比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子非常妒忌他。2. 在非限制性定语从句中，可用“名词/代词+介词(of)+which/whom”的结构。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the pric

19、e of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了个古董花瓶，它的价格相当合理。3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句非限制性定语从句，从句内部常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一栋大房子里，房子前面有棵大树。4. 在关系副词where/when前有时可以加介词from, to等。China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, K

20、orea, Thailand and India.中国是风筝的发源地，从这里放风筝的活动传播到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。5. 关系代词as, which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别(1) as和which都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.结果天气很好，这出乎我们的意料。As is known to ev

21、erybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.= The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.众所周知，月亮每月绕地球一圈。（可转化为名词性从句：It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 或What is known to everybody is that the moon trave

22、ls round the earth once every month.）(2) as多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well known = as is known to all众所周知；as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样；as often happens正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的。几个名词后的引导词1. 当句中先行词为point，case，situation等表情形时，其往往是由where引导的定语从句

23、。Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.Awhere Bthat Cwhen DwhichCan you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?2.way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：a.在比较正式的文体中用in whichI was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.It was clear that the speaker

24、 now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.b.一般情况下用that Lincoln asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did.Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.c.in which和that省去。 That's the way I looked at it.The assista

25、nt who served her did not like the way she was dressed.定语从句与并列句的区分 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters；_ are doctors 解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词

26、了。从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。二、语法拓展训练（一）单项填空1. _ is known to the world, Chinas Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the mens 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.A. That B. Which C. As D. It2. Living in the Central American desert has i

27、ts problems, _ obtaining water is not the least.A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose3. I dont know the reason _ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason _ you havent told me.A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that4. When she came ba

28、ck from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people _ she had visited.A. that B. who C. where D. which5. Because of the traffic jam _ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.A. by which B. in which C. that D. where6. There are three things _ make Sydney famous, its beautiful harbor, the Sy

29、dney Harbor Bridge and the Sydney Opera House.A. what B. that C. when D. where7. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of _ mouth tea is supposed to come.A. which B. that C. its D. whose8. The soldiers had to sleep in their wet clothes, _ most uncomfortable.A. which I think it was B. whi

30、ch I think was C. which I think D. that I think was9. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A. who B. when C. where D. which10. The World Expo 2010 is being held at a time _ the world is looking for a new kind of balance betwee

31、n nature and cities.A. when B. where C. which D. that11. Bears often hide themselves in places _ cant be found by hunters.A. in which B. where C. that D. /12. I got an email from Susan, _ said she was going abroad for sightseeing.Fantastic! Thats what she has been dreaming of.A. which B. she C. who

32、D. it13. After graduation from high school we will reach a point _ we have to decide which university to attend.A. that B. what C. which D. where14. An idea occurred to me _ I might turn to my English teacher for help.A. that B. which C. where D. when15. Safety in school has been of great concern be

33、cause of frequent reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while in school.A. that B. when C. in which D. for which16. You can use a larger plastic bottle, _ is cut off, _ as a pot to grow flowers in.A. of which the top; with its top B. whose top; with its topC. whose top; the top of

34、 it D. the top of which; with its top17. The Olympic snowboarding event, _, was exciting.A. on which many people watched B. where many people watched TVC. which many people watched on TV D. where many people watched on TV18. Cathy was a teacher from Newcastle, _ is almost as far north as you can go.

35、A. who B. which C. that D. where19. In our _, anyone _ breaks the law should be punished.A. opinions; that B. opinions; who C. opinion; he D. opinion; who20. It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment.A. where; that B. which; where C. that; where D. which; t

36、hat21. Where did you see him for the first time?It was in the factory _ we worked.A. that B. where C. which D. when22. Where did you find your wallet?It was in the shop _ I bought the shirt.A. that B. which C. where D. there23. She may have missed the train, _ she wont arrive for another hour.A. in

37、which B. when C. in which case D. in that case24. Every time Ashtita tries to break a record, he reaches a point _ he feels he cannot physically do any more.A. where B. that C. when D. which25. Was it through Mary, _ was working at a high school, _ you got to know Tom?A. who; who B. that; which C. w

38、ho; that D. who; which26. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think D. I think which is27. Was _ Bill, _ played basketball very well, _ helped the blind man cross the road?Yes, of course. He is always ready to he

39、lp others.A. it; that; who B. this; who; that C. which; that; that D. it; who; that28. Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, _ the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply.A. when B. that C. so that D. where29. Life is like a long

40、 race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where30. The girl in plain clothes, _ was wonderfully calm in face of danger, was just sixteen years old.A. when B. which C. what D. who参考答案：（一）单项填空1-5 CAAAB 6-10 BDBDA 11-15 CADAC 16-20 BCBDD 21-25 BCCAC 26-30 ADDDD2012

41、-2006高考英语单选题分类汇编 定语从句【2012全国卷II】1 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when【2012安徽】2. lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that

42、period.A. as B. it C. which D. this【2012重庆】3. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A. which B. that C. when D. where【2012北京】4. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A. that B. which C. where D. wh

43、en 【2012福建】5.he air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. what【2012陕西】6It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what【2012山东】7Maria has written two novels, both of _ have b

44、een made into television series.A. them B. that C. which D. what【2012湖南】8 Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【2012天津】9 I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.A. wh

45、o B. whose C. whom D. which【2012江西】10By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that【2012四川】11 In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【2012浙江】12We live in an age _ more informatio

46、n is available with greater ease than ever before.A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 【2012浙江】13 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【2012江苏】14After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _

47、urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what 答案：BADBC CBDBA CBBA2006-2011高考英语单选汇编-定语从句1.【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A. that B. which C. whose D. what2.【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the weekend wearing o

48、nly some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which3.【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that4.【2011上海卷) 39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus sta

49、tion _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as5.【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that6.【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three

50、 years. A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which7.【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which8.【2011安徽卷）28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. A.

51、 when B. which C. where D. while9.【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those10.【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A

52、. when B. that C. where D. there11.【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who12.【2011福建卷）33】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palacehall of the weddi

53、ng ceremony. AthatBwhen CsinceDberore13.【2011四川卷）17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where14.【2011天津卷）10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which15.【2011陕西卷）11

54、】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that16.【2011湖南卷)25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that17.10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlike

55、ly to be the only planet _life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 18.10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which19.10江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what20.10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What21.10山东Win