2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习1.概念：定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个从句来担任。担任定语功能的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。:2.常见考点：先行词与关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例：Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?（the girl为先行词）êêê关系词：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功

2、能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。例：Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing comes to mind.注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。下面的句子是错误的：例：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.（应去掉the book)关系代词和关系副词：常见的关系代词指代对象所作成分指代人指代物即可指人又可指物主语who, thatwhich, thatthat宾语w

3、ho, whom, thatwhich, thatthat定语whose, of whomwhose; of whichwhose常见的关系副词指代对象先行词关系副词及相应介词结构时间day, year, date, timewhich, when, during地点the place, the citywhere, in which, from which原因the reasonwhy; for which关系代词的用法êêêwho和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。例：In this earthquak

4、e, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. êêêwhose的用法:whose一般指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于of which。在定语从句中作定语。例：You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.êêêwhich的用法:which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.在

5、定语从句中作介词的宾语。例：The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.êêthat的用法that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，否则需要用which或whom等其他词替代。 例：Jack is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I met five years ago.êêêê注意：下列情况关系词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用which引导当先行

6、词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词。例：Is there anything that you don't understand?当先行词前面有 the only, the very, the last等修饰时。例：This is the only book that I can find.当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。例：This is the best book that I have ever read.当先行词前面有only，all，any, no等修饰时。例：I want to rea

7、d all the books that were written by Lu Xun.当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。例：Which is the hotel that you like best?关系副词的用法êêêwhen的用法在从句中作时间状语。常用on which，in which, at which, during which等代替。例：April Fool's Day is the day when people make fun of others.(=April Fool's Day is the day on wh

8、ich people make fun of others.)êêêwhere的用法在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, to which等替代。例：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.êêêwhy的用法why 在定语从句中作原因状语，可以用for which代替。why不可引导非限制性定语从句，此时可用for which。例：I have come around to explain the reason why

9、I was absent from the meeting.定语从句中需注意的事项êê主谓一致问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词应一致。先行词是单数，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用复数。 例：Mr. Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.“one of+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the（only）one of+复数名词”或“the very/right one of+复数名词”后定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 例：Jeff is the o

10、nly one of the students who was awarded.êwhat不可引导定语从句what本身是“复合关系代词”，等同于“先行词+关系代词（which/that）”。因此，不能用what引导定语从句。例：Tell me what is happening.=Tell me all that is happening.êêê关系代词与关系副词的选用用关系代词或用关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词，而不及物动词则要用关系副词。例：(×)This is the mountain vill

11、age where I visited last year.例：()This is he mountain village(which)I visited last year.看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语，则这个关系词应是关系代词；如果定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，那么我们应该选用关系副词。例：Beijing is the place where(=in which)I was born.（where在从句中作地点状）例：He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.（whom

12、/that在从句中作宾语）做题技巧：方法1：先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，看从句的意思是否通顺、完整。例：-The village_ I visited last year has changed a lot.-Really? I hope to go there one day.A. that B. who C. when方法2:四步分析法一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。例：I still remember the park_ we first met. A. that B. which C. where D. whenPr

13、actice：1. Do you know the man_ is talking to Miss Wu?A. when B. whom C. who D. which2. John is the boy_ legs were badly hurt in the accident.A. whose B. that C. who D. which3. -Which song do you like better, Lucy?-I prefer the song Little Apple_ can attract many people.A. which B. who C. whom D. whe

14、re4. The house _Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.A. which B. that C. in which D. there5. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _people cannot get at home.A. that B. who C. whom D. what6. -Do you know the man _came here yesterday?-Yes, he brought me the most in

15、teresting book _I had wanted to buy.A. who; which B. who；that C. whom; which D. what; that7. Jamie is a young cook _wants to improve school dinners.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which8. I hate the dogs_ live in the next house.A. who B. that C. what D. whom9. -Do you like the weekly talk show ,The Reade

16、r, on CCTV?-Sure. It 's a great TV program_ brings the habit of reading back into the public.A. who B. that C. what10. -Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?-Yes. Hansel is a smart boy _often comes up with a good idea.A. who B. whom C. where D. which11. The earth is the planet _ provides us with

17、everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. Its our duty to protect it.A. who B. that C. where12. Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But do you dare to sit on a seat _ tells you your weight?A. whom B./ C. who D. that13. In a text message,88 means bye-bye.And another example is F2F _ st

18、ands for face to face.A. that B. who C. whom D. it14. Do you know the man _ is talking to Miss Wu?A. he B. whom C. who D. which 15. A friend is someone _ says,“What！You too? I thought I was the only one!" A. who B. which C. what D. whose16. The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who 17. He made a hole in the wall，_he could see what was happening in the house.A. on which B. in which C. through which D. at which18. There are lots of things _ I n