2020版新高考英语考前保分训练江苏版：专题二说明文第4节

1、第4节说明文题组训练【1话题：世界无车日难度：建议用时：16分钟September 22,2019 will be World Car-Free Day , a day on which people across the globe are encouraged to find 1 methods to meet their transportation needs and rediscover buses, bikes, and their own 2 .On this day , people get together in the streets, intersections, and

2、 neighborhood blocks to 3 the world that we don ' t have to accept our car-controlled society.While 4 along these lines had taken place from time to time starting 5 the 1973 oil crisis, it was only in October,1994 6 a structured call for such projects was 7 in a keynote speech by Eric Britton at

3、 the International Accessible Cities Conference held in Toledo(Spain).The first national campaign was launched in Britain in 1997, and the French followed suit in1998.In 2000 , car Busters issued an open 8 for a "World Car-Free Day” to 9 with Europe' s Car-Free Day on September 22. 10 then,

4、 we have begun to call for citizens to organize 11 on or near this day.However , we do not want 12 one day of celebrations and then return to 13 life.World Car-Free Day is the 14 time to remind city planners and politicians to 15 cycling , walking and public transport.It is up to us, cities and gove

5、rnments to help 16permanent changes to 17 pedestrians, cyclists and other people who do not drive cars.While 18 accomplishment has been achieved in terms of media coverage , these events 19 to be difficult to achieve real success and even a decade later there is considerable uncertainty about the us

6、efulness of this approach.Broad public support and 20 to change is needed for successful implementation(执行).语篇解读2019年9月22日将是世界无车日，在这一天，世界各地的人们将被鼓励寻找其他方式来满足他们的交通需求，重新发现公共汽车、自行车和他们自己的脚。文章介绍了世 界无车日的起源及发展。1 .A.effectiveB.efficientD.alternativeC.useful 答案 D解析 effective有效的；efficient有效率的；useful有用的；alternat

7、ive选择性的。句意为：2019年9月22日将是世界无车日，在这一天，世界各地的人们将被鼓励寻找其他方式来满足他们 的交通需求。故D选项正确。2 .A.legsB.motorsC.subwayD.feet答案 D解析leg腿；motor发动机；subway地铁；foot脚。句意为：重新发现公共汽车、自行车和他们自己的脚（即步行）。故D选项正确。3 .A.recallB.remindC.realizeD.recommend答案 B解析 recall回忆；remind提醒；realize意识；recommend推荐。句意为：在这一天，人们聚集在街道、十字路口和街区，提醒世界，我们不必接受汽车控制的

8、社会。故B选项正确。4 .A.projectsB.findingsC.activitiesD.meetings答案 A解析 project项目；findings研究的结果，发现；activity活动；meeting会议。根据下文“it wasonly in October,1994 a structured call for such projects”可知，类似的项目时有发生。故A选项正确。5 .A.asB.onC.withD.beyond答案 C解析 start with以开始。句意为：尽管从1973年的石油危机开始，类似的项目时有发生。故C选项正确。6 .A.whenB.thatC.wh

9、ereD.how答案 B解析 when当的时候；that引导强调句，无词意；where在地方；how如何。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型。故 B选项正确。7 .A.undertakenB.submittedC.developedD.issued答案 D解析 undertake从事；submit主张；develop发展；issue发布。句意为：虽然从 1973年的石油危机开始，这方面的项目时有发生，但直到 1994年10月，埃里克 布里顿才在托莱多（西班牙）举行的国际无障碍城市会议上发表主题演讲，有组织地呼吁开展这类项目。故D 选项正确。8 .A.answerB.callC.wishD.lon

10、ging答案 B解析 answer 答案； call 呼吁； wish 愿望； longing 渴望。句意为：2000 年，反汽车人士公开呼吁设立“ 世界无车日” 。故 B 选项正确。9 .A.connectB.involveC.consistD.concern答案 C解析 connect连接；invoke涉及；consist和一致；concern担忧。句意为：2000年，反汽车人士公开呼吁设立“ 世界无车日” ，与 9 月 22 日的欧洲无车日保持一致。故C 选项正确。10 .A.SinceB.BeforeC.AfterD.When答案 A解析 since从开始；before在之前；afte

11、r在之后；when何时。句意为：从那时起，我们已经开始呼吁市民在这一天或这一天附近组织活动。故A 选项正确。11 .A.eventsB.affairsC.incidentsD.accidents答案 A解析 event活动；affair事务；incident事件；accident事故。句意参考上题解析。故 A选项正确。12 .A.evenB.stillC.justD.ever答案C解析even 甚至； still 仍然； just 仅仅； ever 曾经。句意为：然而，我们不希望仅仅是一天C 选项正确。13.A.usualB.previousC.ordinary答案 BD.average解析

12、usual通常的；previous先前的；ordinary普通的；average平均的。句意参考上题解析。故 B 选项正确。14.A.perfectB.limitedC.accurateD.correct答案 A解析 perfect 完美的；limited 有限的；accurate 准确的；correct 正确的。句意为：世界无车日是提醒城市规划者和政治家优先考虑自行车、步行和公共交通的最佳时机。故 A 选项正确。15.A.give way toB.give priority toC.give rise to答案 BD.give in to解析 give way to 给让路；give pri

13、ority to 优先考虑；give rise to 使发生；give in to 向让步。句意参考上题解析。故B 选项正确。16.A.employB.decreaseC.createD.increase答案 C解析 employ雇用；decrease减少；create创造；increase增加。句意为：我们（个人）、城市和政府应该帮助创造永久性的改变C 选项正确。17.A.assistB.benefitC.instructD.influence答案 B解析 assist帮助；benefit使受益;instruct 指导； influence 影响。句意为：使行人、骑自行车的人和其他不开车的人

14、受益。故B 选项正确。18.A.constantB.similarC.envying答案 DD.considerable解析 constant 经常的；similar 相似的；envying 嫉妒的；considerable 相当大的，重要的。句意为：虽然在媒体报道方面已取得相当大的成就故 D 选项正确。19 .A.turn outB.work outC.carry outD.figure out答案 A解析 turn out结果是，被证明是；work out计算出；carry out开展；figure out理解。句意为:事实证明，这些事件很难取得真正的成功，甚至十年后，这种方法的有效性也存

15、在相当大的不确定TlEo故A选项正确。20 .A.approachB.attitudeC.chanceD.commitment答案 D解析 approach途径；attitude态度；chance机会；commitment承诺。句意为：公众对变革的广泛支持和承诺改变是成功实施的必要条件。故 D选项正确。【2】话题：人物介绍难度：建议用时：17分钟Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist.He has made several very important medical 21 .When a newspaper journali

16、st asked him why he was able to be so much more 22 than the average person , he responded that it all came from a(n) 23 with his mother that occurred when he was a child.Stephen had been trying to 24 a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he _25 his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell , spi

17、lling(泼出)its contents all over the kitchen floor a real sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen , instead of 26 at him , giving him a lecture or chastising him , she said, “What a great and wonderful 27 you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk.Well , the 28 has already b

18、een done.Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 29 we clean it up ?"Indeed, he did.After a few minutes , his mother said , “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this,30 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper 31 .“ Andtogether they cleaned up th

19、e spilled milk.His mother then said , “ You know , what we have here is a 32 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands.Let ' s go out in the back yard and _33 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without 34 it." The little bo

20、y learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 35 it without dropping it.What a good 36 to him!This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn ' t need to be afraid to make 37 .Instead, he learned that mistakes were j

21、ust 38 for learning something new , which is , after all , what scientific 39 are all about.Even if the experiment doesn' t work , we usually learn something 40 from it.语篇解读作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了美国著名的科学家斯蒂芬格伦。当记者问他成功的秘诀时，他分享了他小时候的一个故事。21 .A.impressionsB.breakthroughsC.promisesD.intentions答案 B解析 impressi

22、on 象；breakthrough 突破；promise 许诺；intention 意图。 根据上文 “StephenGlenn is a famous American research scientist."可知，他做出了几个非常重要的医学突破。故B选项正确。22 .A.outgoingB.responsibleC.warm-heartedD.creative答案 D解析 outgoing外向的；responsible负责的；warm-hearted热心的；creative创造性的。根据上文可知，新闻记者问他为什么他能比一般人更有创造力。故 D选项正确。23 .A.experie

23、nceB.wordC.argumentD.adventure答案 A解析 experience 经历；word 话；argument 争论；adventure 冒险。根据下文 "that occurred whenhe was a child”可知，他回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和他母亲的一次经历。故 A选项正确。24 .A.recycleB.purchaseC.removeD.freeze答案 C解析 recycle使再循环；purchase购买；remove移动；freeze冻结。根据下文 “a bottle of milkfrom the refrigerator”可知，斯蒂芬

24、一直试图从冰箱里拿出一瓶牛奶。故C选项正确。25 .A.lostB.tightenedC.adjustedD.caught答案 A解析 lose失去；tighten拉紧；adjust调整；catch抓住。根据下文 “it fell , spilling（泼出）itscontents all over the kitchen floor a real sea of milk !可知，他失去了对奶瓶的控制。故 A选项正确。26 .A.lookingB.yellingC.smilingD.glancing答案 B解析 look 看；yell 大喊；smile 微笑；glance 瞥见。根据下文 &q

25、uot;giving him a lecture or chastisinghim , she said,'what a great and wonderful you have made!'" 可知， 斯蒂芬的妈妈并没有对他大声吼叫。故B选项正确。27 .A.discoveryB.messC.changeD.joke答案 B解析 discovery 发现；mess混舌L; change改变；joke 笑话。 根据下文 "I have rarely seen sucha huge pond of milk."可知，妈妈告诉斯蒂芬他制造了一个伟大而美

26、妙的混乱。故B选项正确。28 .A.injuryB.researchC.assignmentD.damage答案 D解析 injury 受伤；research 研究；assignment 分配；damage 损坏。根据下文 “Would you liketo get down and play in the milk for a few minutes "可知，妈妈告诉斯蒂芬，损害已经造成了，那就玩一会儿吧。故 D选项正确。29 .A.when B.once C.after D.before答案 D解析 when当的时候；once一旦；after在之后；before在之前。妈妈问在把

27、牛奶清理干净之前，斯蒂芬格伦是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。故 D选项正确。30 .A.graduallyB.initiallyC.eventuallyD.constantly答案 C解析 gradually逐渐地；initially最初；eventually最终；constantly不断地。妈妈告诉斯蒂芬无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟，最终都必须清理和恢复到正常秩序。故 C选项正确。31 .A.orderB.situationD.useC.form答案 A解析 order秩序；situation情况；form形式；use使用。句意参考上题解析。故A选项正确。32 .A.successfulB.fai

28、ledC.completedD.useless答案 B解析 successful成功的；failed失败的；completed完成的；useless没用的。根据上文可知，他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大奶瓶的失败的实验。故B选项正确。33 .A.fillB.washC.polishD.cover答案 A解析 fill装；wash洗；polish擦；cover覆盖。根据下文 with water可知，用水装满瓶子。故A选项正确。34 .A.shakingB.droppingC.liftingD.touching答案 B解析 shake摇摆；drop 掉；lift 抬起；touch

29、 触摸。根据下文“he could it withoutdropping it”可知，他们在尝试找到一种既能拿又不掉的方法。故 B选项正确。35 .A.make upB.make offC.make itD.make sense答案 C解析 make up弥补；make off离开；make it获得成功；make sense讲得通。根据空前内容可知，斯蒂芬成功做到了。故 C选项正确。36 .A.attitudeB.apologyC.projectD.lesson答案 D解析 attitude态度；apology道歉；project项目；lesson课。这对他是多么女？的一课啊！故 D选项正确

30、。37 .A.effortsB.plansC.mistakesD.decisions答案 C解析 effort 努力；plan 计戈U; mistake 错误；decision 决定。 根据下文 "Instead, he learned thatmistakes”可知，他不必害怕犯错。故C选项正确。38 .A.requirementsB.routinesC.chancesD.goals答案 C解析 requirement要求；routine路线；chance机会；goal目标。相反，他得知错误只是学习新东西的机会。故 C选项正确。39 .A.achievementsB.approac

31、hesC.seminarsD.experiments答案 D解析 achievement成就；approach方法；seminar研讨会； experiment实验。根据下文 “Evenif the experiment doesn ' t work”可知，此处指科学实验。故 D选项正确。40 .A.valuableB.ambiguousC.familiarD.abstract答案 A解析 valuable有价值的；ambiguous引起歧义的；familiar熟悉的；abstract抽象的。即使实验不成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。故 A选项正确。【3话题：如何对待/、公

32、平难度：建议用时：17分钟In life , we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our 41 .We can work harder than anyone else in the office and still not be 42 .We can be incredibly nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us 43 .The bottom line is that life is not 44 .That is a

33、tough 45 to swallow for many of us.As a result , some people 46 after being hit by even one unfair blow from life.But if we let life ' s unfairness 47 us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has 48 for us.My first 49marriage felt very unfair to me.No matter how hard I had tri

34、ed to be a goodwife , I could not make the relationship 50 .I could have been 51 by that experience.But I believed that I could be 52 married one day 53 I always wanted to experience traditional family life.And then , I met this kind , thoughtful , generous man.What I' ve learned over the years

35、is that we can do all the things that 54 a good outcome, but get 55 things in return instead.When we are faced with life ' s seeming unfairness, our 56 needs to jump in.When lifedoesn' t go 57 plans, we have to let go of the outcome that we have been 58 and keep trying , and doing the right

36、thing. 59 that life is neither fair nor straightforward.And by knowing that if we remain confident , we can drive our unfair experiences away and use them for our 60 .语篇解读作者通过这篇文章向我们讲述了如何看待生活中的不公平，当我们遭遇不公平时，作者建议我们要相信自己，并继续做我们应该做的事。41 .A.reachB.controlC.dateD.order答案 B解析 句意为：在生活中，我们常会因不可控的原因成功或失败。out

37、 of reach够不着，达不到；out of control无法控制，超出 的控制；out of date过期的；out of order无序的。根据句意可知，选B项。42 .A.promotedB.paidC.pleasedD.proved答案 A解析分析语境可知，“我们可能比办公室其他任何人都努力工作，但仍然没有得到晋升”，因此要选 A项，promoted晋升的。43 .A.moreB.backC.enoughD.unconditionally答案 B解析 more更多；back回来；enough足够；unconditionally无条件地。根据语境可知“我们可以非常好，深爱一个人，他们

38、可能不会像我们爱他们那样爱我们（即把爱还回来）”故选B项。44 .A.easyB.smoothC.fairD.ideal答案 C解析 easy容易的；smooth光滑的，顺利的；fair公平的；ideal理想的，完美的。根据上文的语境可推断出，我们付出的比得到的回报多，所以是不公平的（fair）,而且下文中“one unfairB.wordblow from life "及"we let life ' s unfairness”也是提示，所以选 C 项。45.A.feelingC.fact答案 DD.pill解析 feeling 情绪，情感；word 话语，单词；f

39、act 事实； pill 药丸。根据上文的内容可知，这种不公平对我们许多人来说是一个难以下咽的药丸。故选D 项。46 .A.died downB.looked downC.shut downD.settled down答案 C解析 die down 减弱，逐渐平息；look down 瞧不起；shut down 关闭； settle down 停留，定居。根据上下文的内容可知“ 结果，一些人甚至因被生活中的一个不公平的打击击中而自我封闭 ” 。 shut down 本意为 “ 关闭 ” ，此处引申为“ 自我封闭” ，故选 C 项。47 .A.confuseB.manageC.betrayD.d

40、efeat答案 D解析 confuse使迷惑；manage经营，管理；betray背叛；defeat打败。上文中的"being hitby even one unfair blow from life ” 中的 hit 与 defeat 是同义词，也是提示。意为“ 但是如果我们让生活的不公平打败我们，”，故选D项。48 .A.in chargeB.in returnC.in placeD.in store答案 D解析 in charge 掌管，负责；in return 作为报答，反过来；in place 恰当，合适；in store （forsb. ）即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（

41、某人 ）。根据上下文的语境可知，“ 但是，如果我们让生命的不公平战胜我们，我们将永远不会得到生活即将带给我们的美好祝福” ，故选 D 项。49 .A.arrangedB.failedC.happyD.interesting答案B解析arranged 安排好的；failed 失败了的，不成功的；happy 快乐的；interesting 有趣的。根据下文的内容可知，“ 我的第一次婚姻是失败的” 。故选 B 项。50 .A.workB.startC.endD.worsen答案A解析work 使产生效果，起作用；start 开始，启动；end 结束； worsen 恶化，使更坏。根据语境可知，这是一次失败的婚姻，而且是不公平的，故“ 无论我多么努力想成为一个好妻子，我都不能使这种关系运转良好” ，因此选A。5