6中考英语语法主谓一致反意疑问句感叹句

1、一. 教学内容：专题复习六 主谓一致 反意疑问句 感叹句二. 知识总结与归纳（一）主谓一致1. 语法一致：（1）单数主语即使后面带有由with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如： Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。（2）用and 连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一件事、同一个概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：A pen and a

2、 pencil are useful school things. 钢笔和铅笔都是有用的文具。The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。（一个人）（3）不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已经决定了。（4）当连接的并列主语被each, every 或 no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。（5）each+复数代词，

3、谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each， 谓语动词用复数。如Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有些话要说。（6）none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但在代表可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。如：None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点也不使我着急。（7）名词如：trousers, scissors, clothes, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数.如：My trousers are new；The scissors are

4、sharp 等。（8）形复意单名词，如news；以ics结尾的学科名称如：physics, mathematics, 国名如： the United States; 报纸名如：the New Times; 书名如：Arabian Nights （天方夜谭）；以及the United Nations 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（9）“a + 名词+ and a half”，“one and a half + 名词”，“the number of + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of deer, mountain lions, and wild roses doe

5、s not change much if people leave things they are. 如果人们听其自然发展，鹿、美洲狮和野玫瑰的数量不会有很大变化。（10）百分数（或分数）+of + 可数名词（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of + 复数名词，谓语动词用复数。如：Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women. 这个工厂里百分之二十的工人是女工。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by wat

6、er.总的来说，我们这个行星的表面有百分之七十是被水覆盖的。2. 内容一致1) 不定代词all, most, some 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代名词的数。如： Most of the apples were bad. 大部分苹果是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。2) “ the + 形容词（或分词）” 指一类人，如：the rich (富人)，the living (活着的人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如:The sick have been treated and the lost have

7、 been found. 病人已被治疗，失踪的已被找到。3）用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)， knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. 威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。4）不定数量的词组，如：part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如：A part of the textbook

8、s have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。5）表示时间、金钱、距离. 度量等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。3. 就近一致由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中，（有时主语不止一个）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致，如：Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Here is a pen and

9、some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候，你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆着呢？2）用连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致，如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.学生和那位老师都不知道这事。He or you have taken my pen.他

10、或你拿了我的钢笔。（二）反意疑问句A. 构成：反意疑问句由两部分组成, 前一部分是陈述句, 后一部分是简略的疑问句。简略疑问句中的人称 (用人称代词的主格)、数、时态等应和前面的陈述句保持一致。B. 反意疑问句的一般用法：1. 陈述句是肯定句式, 简略疑问句应用否定句式, 即“前肯+后否”。例如：Soccer is an international game, isnt it?足球是一项国际性的运动，不是吗？2. 陈述句是否定句式, 简略疑问句用肯定句式，即 “前否+后肯”。例如：I havent heard from you for a long time, have I? 我很长时间没有收

11、到你的来信了，是吗？3. 反意疑问句的答语，要根据事实来决定用yes还是用no。例如：（1）They are English songs, arent they? 它们是英语歌曲,不是吗?Yes, they are. 是的，它们是。No, they arent. 不, 不是。（2）She isnt a teacher, is she? 她不是一个老师, 是吗?Yes, she is. 不, 她是个老师。No, she isnt. 是的, 她不是个老师。4. 祈使句是反意疑问句：如果祈使句为肯定结构，则简略疑问句用“wont you?”或“will you?”；如果祈使句为否定句，则简略疑问句用

12、“will you?”。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you? 看黑板, 好吗?Dont give him the book, will you? 不要把这本书给他, 好吗?以Lets开头的祈使句，简略疑问句用“shall we?”。而以Let us开头的祈使句, 其简略疑问句用“will you?”。例如：Lets go to the cinema, shall we? 我们去看电影, 好吗?Let Helen read the story, will you? 让海伦读这个故事, 好吗?C. 反意疑问句的特殊用法：1. 陈述句中有no, never, ha

13、rdly, little, few, nothing, nobody等表示否定意义的词的时候, 该句应视为否定句。注意：不包括带有否定前缀的词，如dislike, unhappy, unfair等。例如：She could hardly work out the problem, could she?她不能解答这道题, 是吗?Kate dislikes dancing, doesnt she? 凯特不喜欢跳舞，是不是？2. 陈述句部分是I think / believe / guess / suppose等词, 后接that引导的宾语从句时, 简略疑问部分应和宾语从句的主谓语保持一致。如：I

14、think they will help us, wont they? 我认为他们会帮助我们的, 是不是?I think she can sing, cant she? 我认为她会唱歌, 是不是?但要注意：遇到否定前移的情况, 应将宾语从句视为否定句。例如：I dont think Kate is going to dance, is she? 我认为凯特不打算跳舞, 是吗?I dont think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对, 是吗?（三）感叹句感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。一般情况下，感叹句由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。what修饰名词，

15、how修饰形容词. 副词或动词。A. 感叹句的结构what引导的感叹句：1. What+不定冠词(a / an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!2. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!3. What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!how引导的感叹句：1. How+形容词+主语+谓语!2. How+副词+主语+谓语!3. How+主语+谓语!提示：（1）在口语中感叹句常常省略主语和谓语部分，有时只用一个词或一个短语，有时也可以省略感叹句中的形容词或副词。如：What a useful book! 多么有用的书啊！How exciting! 多令人兴奋啊！（2）what和how引导

16、的感叹句有时可以相互转换。如：What a beautiful girl she is!= How beautiful the girl is! 多么漂亮的姑娘啊！How hot the tea is!= What hot tea it is! 好烫的茶啊！B. 陈述句变感叹句把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可用“一分、二加、三换位、四改号”的方法。一分是在谓语动词后把句子分成两部分。二加是在第二部分前根据不同句型要求加上how或what。值得注意的是如有very, too, quite等词应去掉。三换位是把改变后的第一、二部分前后调整位置。注意句中有关单词的大小写。四改号是把原来的句号改为感叹号。如

17、： He is / a good student. He is (what) a good student. What a good student he is. What a good student he is! She works / very hard. She works (how) hard. How hard she works. How hard she works!【典型例题】主谓一致练习A. 单项选择1. Maths _ one of the _ subjects in middle school. A. are; important B. is; most importa

18、ntC. is; more important D. are; much important2. _ there a number of fish in the river at that time?A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were3. Not only the parents but also James _ London. They will come back in a month.A. has been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. have gone to4. Each of the students _ bring

19、some money here.A. has B. have C. has to D. have to5. My friend said everyone except Tom and Jim _ there then.A. is B. was C. are D. were6. Sheep _ white and milk _ white, too.A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is7. Milk and bread _ my favorite food every morning.A. is B. are C. will be D. was

20、8. _ either you or she going to the United States?A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Does9. There _ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes _ mine.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are10. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.A. is B. were C. are D. was11. Class Two _ taking their lessons when th

21、ere was a knock at the door.A. is B. are C. was D. were12. Linda works hard, and _.A. so does her brother B. so did her brotherC. her brother do so D. her brother did so 13. The teacher and writer _ from America.A. are B. were C. is D. come14. More than a month _ since the foreign friends met her.A.

22、 has passed B. have passed C. has past D. have past15. The mother with her little son _ at my home _ that snowy night. A. were; at B. was; at C. were; on D. was; on16. Therere lots of English books, and _ of them is easy to understand. A. both B. all C. each D. every 17. The manager or his assistant

23、 _ planning to go.A. was B. are C. were D. be18. Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 19. Three-fourths of the buildings _ in the earthquake.A. was destroyed B. is destroyed C. were destroyed D. have destroyed20. There _ many new words in lesson one, so it is very easy.

24、 A. is        B. arent        C. isnt      D. areB. 句子改错21. Both paper and ink is used up. _22. Eating too much are bad for you. _23. The family was watching TV when I came in. _24. The Chinese speaks Chinese. _25. The number of t

25、rees was planted yesterday. _26. The news are for my mother. _27. The old is taken good care of in China. _28. Either Jim or Sam are going to help us this afternoon. _29.Ten minutes are enough for me to finish the task. _30. None of the work have been finished.    _反意疑问句一. 选择1. Sam ha

26、s made few friends,_? No. He is new here. A. does he B. doesnt he C. has he D. hasnt he2. Jack hasnt paid for the school things, has he? _. His father will pay for him. A. Yes, he has B. No, he hasnt C. Yes, he did D. No, he didnt 二. 把下列句子改为反意疑问句1. Lindas just come back from America. Lindas just com

27、e back from America, _ _?2. Let us stop and have a rest.Let us stop and have a rest, _?三. 根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1. 三年前你几乎不会讲英语，是吗？You could _ speak English three years ago, _ _? 2. 麦克不喜欢玩电脑游戏，是吗？Mike _ playing computer games, _ _?感叹句一. 选择What, How, What a / an完成下列感叹句。1. exciting the news is!2. clever childre

28、n!3. useful news it is! 4. expensive fridge they bought!5. beautifully she is dancing! 二. 将下列陈述句改为感叹句。1. They are running fast. they are running!2. Her sister is a very lovely girl. lovely girl her sister is! her sister is!3. I read a very interesting book. book I read!4. Your dictionary is very use

29、ful. your dictionary is!5. The children are singing and dancing happily. the children are singing and dancing!【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）* 一. 主谓一致专项练习(  )1. Physics _ my favorite subject.A. be B. is C. am D. are( )2. The 28th Olympic Games _ held successfully in Athens.A. is B. will be C. are D. were( )3

30、. _ this pair of shoes yours?No. My shoes _ under the bed.A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is( )4. The Smiths _ making dumplings in the kitchen.A. is B. can be C. has been D. are( )5. Do you like watching Chinese Cooking?No, I dont, but my twin brother _. Hes very fond of cooking.A. does B.

31、do C. is D. are( )6. Nobody except the twins _ to the Great Wall before.A. has been B. have gone C. has gone D. have been( )7. The children each _ a computer in class.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are( )8. The headmaster as well as all the teachers _.A. are having a meeting B. have gone to the

32、 museumC. is planting trees on the hill D. were having a party( )9. An old woman with her two kids _ by the road now.A. sits B. is sitting C. are sitting D. was sitting( )10. In our school library there _ a lot of books on science and the number of them _ growing larger and larger.A. is; are B. are;

33、 is C. has; is D. have; are( )11. Whats on the plate?There _ some bread on it.A. is B. are C. has D. have( )12. Neither the students nor the teacher _ in the classroom at that moment.A. were B. was C. werent D. wasnt( )13. Two months _ quite a long time.Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of his

34、lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were( )14. Doing morning exercises _ good for our health.A. be B. are C. is D. am( )15. There _ a lot of fruit trees near the village. A. is B. have C. lies D. stand( )16. Not only the children but also their mother _ to go to the park. A. want B. wants C. to want D. w

35、anting( )17. There _ enough food in the fridge. You have to buy some on your way home. A. isnt B. are C. is D. arent ( )18. Two days _ enough for me to finish the work. I need another day.A. is B. arent C. are D. isnt( )19. She is the only one of the _ writers who _ stories for children. A. woman; w

36、rites B. women; writeC. women; writesD. woman; write( )20. Three fourths of the homework _ by ten oclock. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished ( )21. The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour. A. sells out B. is sold out C. was sold out D. were sold out(

37、)22. Either you or I _ wrong.A. is B. are C. am D. were( )23. I wonder if someone _ going to take me home when the party is over.A. was B. were C. are D. is( )24. I like the pictures which _ on show.A. are B. was C. is D. being ( )25. What you have done _ not necessary.A. are B. been C. is D. being(

38、 )26. The family _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A. is all B. are all C. all are D. all is( )27. When and where to build the new first aid center _ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. doesnt decidedC. havent been decided D. arent decided( )28. Here _ some flowers and some money for you.A. is B. are C. h

39、as D. have二. 完成下列反意疑问句1. Youre in Grade Two now, ?2. His father is a worker, ?3. Mary is going to study Chinese, ?4. Were going to have a meeting this week, ?5. Jack is playing in the garden, ?6. They all look fine, ?7. You like English, ?8. Kate swims the best in her class, ?9. Mike watches TV ever

40、y day, ?10. They like spring best, ? 11. They wont have a good time, ?12. He will go to see a film, ?13. She isnt going to buy a book, ?14. Tom and Mike are watching TV, ?15. You are doing some washing, ?16. Mrs White is cleaning the room, ?17. I had a rest a moment ago, ?18. He was a teacher a year

41、 ago, ?19. They wrote letters last Sunday, ?20. Mr Smith made a table last year, ? 21. Dont open the door, ?22. Lets go to school, ?23. Listen to me, ?24. Theres little water in the river, ?25. The little girl can hardly read, ?26. He has never been to Japan, ?27. The students borrowed few English books from the library, ?28. Kat