语法复习：动词时态和语态

1、语法复习：动词时态一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。二、动词的时态：一）、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。He gets up early everyday.2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力He is a kind-hearted man and willing to help others.3）表示客观事实或真理

2、。When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round.4）表示按照时刻表，计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, start, stop, be等表示移动意义的词。）The plane takes off/ leaves at 7.am. 二）、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。(一般含有具体的过去时间) He was born in 1990.2）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。He worked in Beijing for a month and now he is

3、 working in Nantong.三）、一般将来时的用法：表示将来的动作或状态。I will inform him of the news when I meet him.四）、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。Your car is being repaired now.2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行）She is working in a factory.(=works)五）、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。Last night when you called me, I was watching TV. The c

4、hild was being examined by the doctor when they came in.2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。He said he was going to Shanghai soon. 六）、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。I have just heard of it.2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连。I havent seen him since he went abroad. He

5、has lived here for 5 years./ since 5 years ago.3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Have you met each other before? The work hasnt been finished yet.现在完成进行时 have been doing 表示动作从过去开始一直进行到现在并很可能持续下去。Mary has been reading the novel and she hasnt finished it yet.I havent been sleeping well since I returned home. 常和the

6、 whole morning/ afternoon/ day, all day long 等时间搭配。- Why are you so tired? - I have been painting the wall the whole morning.七）、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。Have you finished your work? Did you finish your

7、 work?八）、过去完成had done的用法：表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作，”过去的过去”。常用by, before或上下文暗示。The train had left when/ before I arrived there.九）、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。8. They can't leave until they _ their work.A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done9. "Has he seen this film?"" Yes. H

8、e _ it several days ago. "A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isn't here. He _ Mr Green's. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came

9、 to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washing D. was washed12. I haven't finished my composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go to B. will go to C. have been to

10、 D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't sayB. couldn't speak toC. said D. didn't tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. " When _ school begin?"" Next Mond

11、ay. "A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. ha

12、ve gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We won't go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three tim

13、es.A. have gone toB. have been toC. have been inD. have gone into24. "How long haven't we seen each other? ""Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. "A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _

14、there. "A. it was not being held B. they didn't hold C. it had not held D. they were holding it26. Don't get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. "Where _ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _ it right here. But now it's

15、gone. "A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Don't come tonight. I wou

16、ld rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/marriedC. Have/been marriedD. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. "This cloth _well and _ long. ""Ok. I&#

17、39;ll take it. "A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. "Hurry up, you _ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. h

18、ad wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduating . C.will have graduated D. is graduati

19、ng37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were riding C. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going t

20、o beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived atB. was arrived in C. was arrivedD. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrive

21、d C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe! A . Look around B. Look upC. Look out D. Look down44. "Have you _ him to give up smoking?" "No. I _, but he wouldn't listen."A. persuaded/triedB. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research

22、laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I don't know when he _, but when he _, I'll let you know.A. will come/comesB. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D. will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase _? Ais cost B. used C. was paid for

23、 D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didnt

24、think/ are goingD. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt gotC. wouldnt getD. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _?A. hadnt sheB. didnt sheC. wouldnt sheD. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. becam

25、e mixed with B. was mixed by C. mixes with D. has been mixing by时态的呼应：1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去的相应时态，She said she was busy then. Tom said he was born in 1975.I didnt know that she had been to London twi

26、ce.They didnt know when they would have a rest. When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round.53. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 54. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It

27、_ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired 55. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 56. _ that they can pass the written exam this time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. Th

28、at hopes D. It hopes 57. My little sister has broken my watch. - My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C.

29、was being cleaning D. has been cleaned59. I will have finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time.A. will have finished B. will has been finished C.will have being finished D.will have been finished60. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These thre

30、e rooms _ (by you).A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept cleanC. ought to be kept clean D. should kept clean61. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? - A poem _ (by you), _ ? A. is about to be written, aren't you B. is about to be writing, isnt it C. is about to be writing, aren

31、't you D. is about to be written, isnt it62. She had better leave a note to him. - A note _ to him (by her). A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left63. He doesn't do his homework every day. - His homework _ by him every day. A. doesn't be do

32、neB. aren't done C. don't be done D. isnt done64. We must take care of our parents when they are old. - Our parents _ when they are old.A. must be taken care B. must be took cars C. must take care of D. must be taken care of65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. - He _ because h

33、e is a liar.A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.- A dictionary _ me by Father on my birthday.A. shall be given to B. will give C. shall give to D. will be giving to67. We elected her leader.- She by us.A. is ele

34、cted leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected68. - People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.- Why are all of the_? A. grey painted mailboxesB. mailboxes grey painted C. mailboxes painted greyD. painted grey mailboxes69. I saw him enter the roo

35、m.- He _ the room.A. is seen enter B. is seen to enter C. was seen to enter D. was seen enter 70. The question asked by him is hard _ . A. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D. for answer 71. How sweet the music _! A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds 72. In warm w

36、eather fruit and meat _ long. A. don't keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping 73. He received a telegram _ "Mother Sick." A. written B. said C. reading D. writing 74. The classroom _ 30 feet long. A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length 75. Do you remember _

37、?A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do 76. to have been rich.A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said 77. Mathematics is difficult _.A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's s

38、hop and_. A. have to cut it B. have it cut C. get it to be cut D. to cut it79. The pencil _ well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing80. - I can't see the blackboard very well. - Perhaps you need _. A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes examined C. to have examined your eyes

39、D. to be examined your eyes81. - Where is the coffee table? - Tom just had it _ away. A. move B. moving C. moved D. moves82. Good medicine _ to the mouth.A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly83. Which girl won the prize?_ A. By which girl is the prize won? B.

40、Which girl was the prize won? C. By which girl did she win the prize? D. By which girl was the prize won?84. - Where did you get that handsome picture? - It was _ by my father. A. given for us B. a gift to us C. given to us D. a gift for us85. A young hen is _ a chicken. A. named B. known C. spelled D. called86. - How does Alma like her new work? - She _ with the hour.A. can't satisfy B. isn't