计算机专业英语TypesOfComputerSystems

1、1计算机专业英语赵端阳赵端阳信息工程系信息工程系2Unit 2Types Of Computer Systems vYou should be familiar with the differences among computer systems if you want to show a potential employer that you have a fundamental knowledge of computer.v Computers come in a variety of sizes and shapes and with a variety of processing c

2、apabilities. potential adj.， “潜在的；可能的潜在的；可能的”翻译时常变成翻译时常变成“可能是未来的可能是未来的”，如：，如： “potential employer” 可译成可译成“可能是未来的雇主可能是未来的雇主”“potential customer” 表示表示“可能是未来的顾客可能是未来的顾客” come in 有很多意思，此处的意思是有很多意思，此处的意思是“分成分成”。例如：。例如：Disks for computers come in two main types, floppy and hard. 3Types Of Computer Systems

3、 vThe earliest computers were quite large because of the crude technologies used; vas technological improvements were made in computer components, the overall size of computers began to shrink. vToday, the complete CPU of a computer can be smaller than a postage stamp. crude /kru:d/ adj.天然的天然的, 未加工的

4、未加工的, 粗糙的粗糙的, 拙劣的拙劣的computer component 计算机部件计算机部件 overall adj. 全部的全部的, 全面的全面的shrink v. 收缩收缩, (使使)皱缩皱缩, 缩短缩短4Types Of Computer Systems vTo provide a basis for comparing their capabilities, computers are generally grouped into four basic categories:1.Supercomputers, which are the powerful giants of th

5、e computer world;provide for v. 作准备作准备, 供养供养, 规定规定to provide food and clothes for ones family 养家活口养家活口group vt., vi.（常与（常与with连用）分组；分类；归类连用）分组；分类；归类The data can be grouped under three heads.这些资料可以分为三大类。这些资料可以分为三大类。Supercomputers 超型计算机超型计算机 (巨型机巨型机)giant adj. 庞大的庞大的, 巨大的巨大的5Supercomputers6IBM Blue Ge

6、ne/L Tops List as Worlds Fastest Supercomputer v IBMs Blue Gene/L tops the list with a performance of 70.72 Teraflops, or trillions(万亿万亿) of floating point calculations per second. IBMs primary partner, the Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Agency, will install a 360 Teraflop Blue Gene

7、/L supercomputer in the first half of 2005.IBM has 216 supercomputer systems installed, most of any vendors (43.2 percent of the list are IBM systems). IBM has most installed computing power with over 556.9 Teraflops (49.39% of the total power on the list belongs to IBM). IBM has the most supercompu

8、ters in the Top10 with 4. (No other vendor has more than one system in the top 10.) IBM has the most powerful supercomputer in Europe, MareNostrum, which is based upon IBMs eServer JS20 BladeCenter. IBM has the most supercomputers in the Top20 with 8. IBM has the most supercomputers in the Top100 (5

9、8) 7Types Of Computer Systems vMainframe computers, which are large, extremely powerful computers used by many large companies;vMinicomputers, which are the next most powerful;vMicrocomputers, which are the least powerfulbut which you most likely will be required to use in business.8Types Of Compute

10、r Systems vIts hard to assign a worthwhile definition to each type of computer because definitions can get bogged down in potentially confusing technical jargon. vNevertheless, the following definitions can suffice:assign （与（与to连用）分配连用）分配bog（与（与down 连用）陷入沼泽；陷入困境连用）陷入沼泽；陷入困境I got bogged down by the d

11、ifficult homework.jargon 术语，行话术语，行话suffice 足够，有能力足够，有能力9Types Of Computer Systems v A supercomputer can handle gigantic amounts of scientific computation. vIts usually maintained in a special room or environment, and may be about 50,000 times faster than a microcomputer. vAs a user in business, you

12、probably would not have contact with a supercomputer. vHowever, you might if you worked in the areas of defense and weaponry, weather forecasting, scientific research, at one of several large universities, or for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. gigantic 巨大的巨大的area 领域领域you might后省去

13、了前句中已经提到的谓语部分，即：后省去了前句中已经提到的谓语部分，即：have contact with a supercomputer。 10Types Of Computer Systems v A mainframe computer is a large computer, usually housed in a controlled environment, that can support the processing requirements of hundreds and often thousands of users and computer professionals.

14、vIf you go to work for an airline, a bank, a large insurance company, a large accounting company, a large university, or the Social Security Administration, you will likely have contact, through your individual workstation, with a mainframe computer. 句中的句中的that从句仍然是限制性定语从句，只不过从句仍然是限制性定语从句，只不过前面有一个插入

15、语，这才用逗号跟主句分开。前面有一个插入语，这才用逗号跟主句分开。 house n.安置安置accounting company 财务公司财务公司likely adj. 很可能的很可能的, 合适的合适的 adv. 或许或许, 很可能很可能contact withworkstation 工作站工作站11Types Of Computer Systems vA minicomputer, also known as a midsize or low-end mainframe computer, is similar to but less powerful than a mainframe co

16、mputer. vIt can support 2 to about 50 users and computer professionals. vMinicomputers and mainframe computers can work much faster than microcomputers and have many more storage locations in main memory. vMany small and medium-sized companies today use minicomputers, so if you go into the business

17、world, chances are good that you will have contact with a minicomputer.low-end adj.低档的低档的be similar to 相像的，相似的；近似的相像的，相似的；近似的My new dress is similar to the one you have.storage location 储存地址储存地址 12Types Of Computer Systems vThe microcomputer is the type of computer that you undoubtedly will be deali

18、ng with as a user. vMany readers are probably already familiar with the microcomputer, also known as a personal computer (PC). vThey vary in size from small portables, and laptop computers that you can carry around like a briefcase, to powerful desktop workstations, such as those used by engineers a

19、nd scientists. deal with安排安排, 处理处理, 涉及涉及be familiar with 熟悉熟悉He is familiar with Chinese ancient history.vary in size 大小大小(尺寸尺寸)不同不同portable 轻便的轻便的, 手提手提(式式)的的, 便携式的便携式的around adj.周围周围, 四周四周, 到处到处13Types Of Computer Systems vA microcomputergenerally used by only one person at a timeuses a microproce

20、ssor chip as its CPU. vAs small as one quarter of an inch square, a chip is made of silicon, a material made from sand. vSilicon is referred to as a semiconductor because it sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not (semi means “partly”), depending on applied voltages and added chemical

21、impurities (“dopants”).The owner of the shop used his house as a collateral (担保物担保物) for the loan. 店主用房子作贷款的担保。店主用房子作贷款的担保。make of 用用.(材料材料)制造制造, 了解了解The bridge is made of steel.I cant make of what he wants. 我不了解他要什么。我不了解他要什么。make from 用用(原料原料)制制 Steel is made from iron.dopant n.掺杂物掺杂物(剂剂) 14Types O

22、f Computer Systems vIn general, a computers type is determined by the following seven factors:1.The type of CPU. As noted, microcomputers use microprocessors.The larger computers tend to use CPUs made up of separate, high-speed, sophisticated components.as noted 是一个省略从句，省掉了是一个省略从句，省掉了“主语主语+be” ：As i

23、t is noted。类似的有：类似的有：If necessary; When possible 等。等。sophisticated adj. 精密复杂的精密复杂的; 富有经验的富有经验的 15Types Of Computer Systems vThe amount of main memory the CPU can use. A computer equipped with a large amount of main memory can support more sophisticated programs and can even hold several different pr

24、ograms in memory at the same time.vThe capacity of the storage devices. The larger computer systems tend to be equipped with higher capacity storage devices.be equipped with 装备装备hold 保存保存, 支持支持, 占据占据16Types Of Computer Systems vThe speed of the output devices. The speed of microcomputer output devic

25、es tends to be rated in terms of the number of characters per second (cps) that can be printedusually in tens and hundreds of cps. Larger computers output devices are faster and are usually rated at speeds of hundreds or thousands of lines that can be printed per minute.rate vt., vi.估价；评价估价；评价in ter

26、ms of 以以.名义名义(观点观点)characters per second (cps) 每秒钟字符数每秒钟字符数 17Types Of Computer Systems vThe processing speed in millions of instructions per second (mips). The term instruction is used here to describe a basic task (that) the software asks the computer to perform while also identifying the data to

27、be affected. The processing speed of the smaller computers ranges from . 7 to 40 mips. The speed of large computers can be 30 to 150 mips or more, and supercomputers can process more than 200 mips. In other words, a mainframe computer can process your data a great deal faster than a microcomputer ca

28、lions of instructions per second (mips) 每秒钟百万指令每秒钟百万指令deal n.量；数量量；数量 a great deal of support 大量援助大量援助18Types Of Computer Systems vThe number of users that can access the computer at one time. Most small computers can support only a single user; some can support as many as two or three at a tim

29、e. Large computers can support hundreds of users simultaneously.vThe cost of the computer system. Business systems can cost as little as $500 (for a microcomputer) or as much as $10 million (for a mainframe)and much more for a supercomputer.simultaneously adj. 同时地同时地 19Types Of Computer Systems vIts difficult to say exactly what kind of computer youll be using in the business environm