表语从句与宾语从句详解及练习

1、表语从句表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑。（主语+连系动词+形容词作表语）The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。（主语+连系动词+句子作表语（表语从句） 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whate

2、ver等。还有如because, as if, as though等。His suggestion is good.His suggestion is that we should stay calm.The question is confusing.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

3、引导名词性从句时if/whether（是否）用法辨析：if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether 来引导。引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换，但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导。位于句首的主语从句只能用whether来引导，同位语从句也只能用whether来引导。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

4、Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.（how 在表语从句中充当方式状语）The scissors are not what I need.（what 在表语从句中充当宾语)What I told him was tha

5、t I would find him a good play.（what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语） “That is why.”是常用句型， 意为“这就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，

6、又如：That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮， 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。（前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括）。/ That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“That is why.”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：(1）“That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”同义， 只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is th

7、e reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样， 例如：That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. (2）“That is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如：He did not see t

8、he film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。（第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果）The traditional view is _ we sleep because our bra

9、in is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)A. when B. why C. whether D. that 宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。宾语从句（1）对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点语序： 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”这种形式。时态： 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。连接词： 当从句意思完整，主句意思

10、肯定时，连接词用that，且可以省去，当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含意时，常用if或whether（是否），当从句意思不完整时，连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。that不可省略宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get betterB当it作形式宾语时egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC当

11、宾语从句前置时egThat our team will win，I believe动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you w

12、ork out （that）how much we will spend during the trip动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it ne

13、cessary that we take plenty of drinks every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend

14、.hand, mail, offer, pass, pay, post, read, return, show, teach, tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.He will have it that our plan is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替W

15、e all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.Can you tell me if there any shop here?介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

16、用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；1. 1. I am sorry I am late.2. I am glad that you can join us.3. Are you sure his answer is right?  常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： s

17、ure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.if与whether if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如：leave,put,discus

18、s,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）一般“no matter”后表“是否”用whether而不用if不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上

19、宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I

20、dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主

21、句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发

22、生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might cho

23、ose as their favorite singer this yearCan you see_A what hes reading B. what is he reading C what does he read D. he reads what2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan3What did your son say in the letter？He told me that he_ the Disney the next dayA will visit B. has visited C is