初三英语学科暑假衔接课语法专题复习教师辅导教案-名词

1、初三英语学科暑假衔接课语法专题复习教师辅导教案语法专题之名词学员编号：年级：新初三课时数：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型TC语法专题之名词T教学目标1、理解名词概念和基本分类。2、重点掌握可数名词的复数形式变化，常见不可数名词和名词所有格。星级 授课日期及时段教学内容C-名词专题一*堇廊开门（建议2-5分钟）14（批注：请学生欣赏图片，说出根据图片能联想到的名词，任何名词都可以，进行一次名词头脑风暴。）提示词：mother母亲freedom自由smile微笑peace 和平sunshine 阳光love 爱/cherish 珍爱sunflower 向日葵enthusiasm 狂热/

2、passion 激情 umbrella 雨伞（建议20-25分钟）初中英语名词用法分类详解基本概念名词是表示人或物、地点、行为、感情以及抽象概念的词。是世界上万事万物的名称基本分类名 词专有名词（首字母大写）普通名词可数名词个体名词（个别人或事物football , factory）集体名词（若寸个个体组成的集体class, army）不用数名词物质名称（无法分为个体的事物milk , water）抽象名词（动作、状态等抽象概念love, interest）专有名词：表示某一 特定的人、月份、节日、地名、机构等。例： Song Wei, July, China , 1smart普通名词：表示一

3、类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。可分为可数名词和不可数名词。承7茎三、用法详解W1、可数名词的复数变化5明：5种规则变化5暗：5种不规则变化1）五明：五种规则变化产直接力口 -s 的占多数； book student computer basket movie apple key词尾若，是 -s, -x, -ch, sh, 直接力口上 -es; bus box class watch brush match glass dish“辅音字母+y”, 要把 y 变为 i 再力口-es; baby lady family city story factory country hobby定是辅音字母一 +

4、y;元音字母+y直接+s 如：toy day boy key词尾若是f或fe,加-s之前要把f或fe变为ve;版本一：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。leaff leaves、 half f hakes、 wife f wives、 knife f knives、 shelff shekes、wolf wolves; thief f thievesZ e Z7Z 版本二：小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用一块面包（loaf）做诱饵，半片（half）树叶（leaf）做掩护，从书架（shelf）上拿了一把刀子（knife）,杀死了一只将狼（wolf）。<J

5、，.一一 ，特例： 直接力口 s： rooffroofs, roof roofs , gulf gulfs , chief chiefs , proof proofs。两种变法： handkerchief handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves. scarffscarfs/scarves典型例题There are three (knife) on the table.There are a lot of (leaf) on the tree when spring comes.*词尾右是 o,力口-es的有 Negro, hero, tomato和potato;其他加 s

6、。potato tomato piano photo kilo hero Negro mosquito zoo radio video bamboo 等口诀一：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿（四个加 -es的） 口诀二：有生命的+es,无生命的+s特例：kangaroomango +s/es者B可以。2）五暗：五种不规则变化j单复同形：sheep deer fish变元音： footfeet tooth teeth goose-geese ； manmen womanwomen ； mouse-mice变词尾：oxoxen公牛 child children孩子口诀一：中日不变英法变，其余一律加-s;

7、口诀二：中日友谊是一致，英法联盟a改e,其他一律加-so<>不变： Chinese-Chinese 中国人 Japanese- Japanese日本人S SwissSwiss 瑞士人 Portuguese Portuguese 葡萄牙人）词尾加-s : 如：German Germans 德国人 RussianRussians 俄罗斯人Roman Romans 罗马人 American Americans 美国人Australian Australians 澳大利亚人 Indian -Indians E1度人l 变 man 为 men： Frenchman-Frenchmen 法国人

8、 Englishman Englishmen 英国人AGerman Germans是陷阱，考题吊出现。典型例题They are from. They 're.A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; GermanyC. German; GermanyD. Germany; GermenX复合名词：（1）有主加主后：有主体名词，把主体名词变成复数形式。如：lookers-on （旁观者），passers-by （过路人）。tooth-brushes （牙刷）,apple tree-apple trees （苹果树）彳（2）无主加最后：无主体名词，则在词尾加 -s如：

9、forget-me-nots（勿忘我）touch-me-nots （含羞草）grown-ups （成年人）go-betweens 中间人、（3）由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词，两部分皆变。如： man driver- men drivers , woman doctor - women doctors 。3）只有复数形式的名词：一些学科名词：mathematics （数学），physics （物理学），politics （政治学）等由两部分组成 ：pants trousers jeans shorts glasses chopsticks scissors socks gloves

10、年小2、不可数名词表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词。它们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如：luggage, milk, rice, soup, water, money, meat等。1）常考不可数名词water, meat, nce, bread, milk, tea, orange（桔汁），air, snow, work, homework, housework, paper（纸）,time（时间）,music, weather, grass, news, fish（鱼肉）, coke, porridge, advice, knowled

11、ge, exercise （锻炼），room （空间）,information o）2）不可数名词的量a glass of water 一杯水a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶a basket of food 一篮食物two bags of rice 两袋米a cup of tea 一杯茶a piece of bread 一片面包a piece of news/advice/bread 一条消息 /一个建议 /一片面包three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡five kilos of meat 五公斤肉two pieces of bread 两片面包Q注意：一些可数名词也可以

12、用单位词表示量：单位词和名词同时变复数如：two bags of applesfour pounds of tomatoes 四磅西红柿3）既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同:yroom （空间）一rooms （房间）work （工作）-works （著作）glass （玻璃）-glasses （眼镜）time （时间）-times （倍数，次数，时代）paper （纸） papers （试卷,证件，报纸）water （水）-waters （水域）fruit （水果）-fruits（各种水果）drink （饮料）一drinks （各种饮料）custom （习惯，风俗） 一custom

13、s （海关） chicken （鸡肉）一chickens （小鸡）典型例题1. Let ' s get some about tourism on the Internet.A. information B. message C. Invention D.advice2. I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A. fishB. butterC. potatoes D. noodles答案：1.A 2.A解析：1.在网上寻找的应是旅游信息。information和message都可意为 信息”，in

14、formation为不可数名词；message为可数名词，some修饰不可数名词与可数名词的复数，所以这里应填information。2.由后面的cooks it可判断用不可数名词，排除 C、D项。butter意为 黄油”，不可cook。排除B。/ 2、常考修饰词：1)修饰可数名词复数 ：a few/few, some/any, many, plenty of, a lot of, lots ofj 2)修饰不可数名词：a little/little , some/any, much, plenty of, a lot of, lots of , a great deal of典型例题1. W

15、e have rain this spring. The trees and grass don ' t grow well.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few2. -yogurt do you need? -Three cups.A. How long B. How far C. How many D. How much3. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn'tnews.A. manyB. a fewC. muchD. few4. Many new(potato) will grow

16、 from one potato planted in the ground.答案：1.A2.D3.C4. potatoes解析：1. rain为不可数名词，不能用 few修饰，排除C项。下句中的don' t grow well意为 长势不好”，由 此可判断少雨。故用否定意义的little填写。2. three cups表示数量；而 yogurt为不可数名词，所以用 how much提问。3. 所填写词修饰不可数名词news,而在所给选项中，只有much可修饰不可数名词4. potatoes。many后用可数名词的复数形式，potato的复数形式为 potatoes。构成有方法，多数要

17、把s力口； 复数词尾有s,只加撇号就可以； 名词若为无生命，我们常把of用。尊1）有生命：+' /ss'Lucy's coat the ChildrenPalacemen' s clothes Teachers ' DayThe twins ' mother's来构成所有格。today ' s newspape天的报纸ten seconds ' love 钟的爱an hour ' s wOk行10分钟的路程China' s land 国的土地共同所有和各自所有：共有共用Tom' s and Jack

18、 ' s roomfWone month ' s vacation个月 的彳民期 a mile ' s journey里的路程 today ' s newspaper的报纸 American's industry 美国的工业's不共有各自sTom and Jack ' s room所有。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加U表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上's代表全称。at the doctor's 在诊所at my aunt '在我阿姨家2）无生命：多用 “of +名词”

19、结构the title of the song 歌名the name of the book 书名the end of the week 周末the windows of the room （房间的窗户）the cover of the dictionary （词典的封面）U 有时's结构可以换成of结构表示强调:the girl s skirt = the skirt of the girl 女孩的裙子my uncle's tractor = the tractor of my uncle 我叔叔的拖拉机3）双重所有格在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词等修饰

20、时，如：a, an, one, two, some,several, a few, many, any, no等。常用"of +名词's"的形式来表示所有关系，即通常所说的“双 重所有格”。后面的名词一般都是表示人的。如：This is a book of Li Ming 's.这是李明的一本书。I met a few friends of mine.我遇到了 我的一些朋友。S3注意：当中心词是 picture, photo等时，用双重所有格表示某人收藏的肖像、照片等；用所有格 则表示某人自己的肖像、照片等。如：Here is a photo of Mary

21、 's.这是一张玛丽的照片。（玛丽收藏的，不一定是她本人的照片）I have a photo of Mary.我有一张玛丽的照片。（指玛丽本人的照片）U双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：He is a friend of your father's.他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）He is a friend of your father.他是你父亲的朋友。（强调他对你父亲的友好）典型例题1. Shanghai World Expo（世博会）will open a time.A. in, year ' s B. after, years C. in,

22、years ' D. after, years '2. David talked with a friend of on the Internet for a long time yesterday.A. heB. hisC .himD. himself3. It ' s from our school to my home.A. ten minutes ' walk B. ten minute ' s walk C. ten minutes walk4. I found something important in (today)newspaper.5

23、. Chocolate is usually the(child) favorite food.答案：1.A 2.B3.A4. today' s 5. children ' s解析：1 .和将来时连用，并表示 在之后”应用介词in。由冠词a判断用单数。a year ' s time年的时间”，所 以用所有格形式year's2 .本句意为 昨天戴威与他的一个朋友在网上聊了很长时间"。a friend of his他的一'个朋友"，为双重所有格。3 .本题考查名词所有格。以-s结尾的名词所有格只加撇，故答案选 Ao4 . today &#

24、39; s newspaper的报纸“，为固定词组。5 .本句意为“巧克力是孩子们喜欢的食物。"child的复数形式为children ,它的所有格为 children 。' s三新姨除底（建议5-10分钟）全国中考真题名词题组1. Tony has many Chinese.A. stampB. stampsC. a stamp2. The of most trees will fall in autumn.A leafB. leafsC leaves3. Please pick up the. Don' t keep it on the floor.A. pape

25、rB. boxesC. booksD. bottles4. It ' s from our school to my home.A. ten minutes ' walkB. ten minute ' s walk C. ten minutes walk5. 一 Did you hear any strange when the quake happened?No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful of my birds at that time.A. voice; no

26、iseB. noise; soundC. whisper; soundD. sound; voice6. Could you lend me your?I want to take some photos.A. watchB. radioC. cameraD. telephone7. We have only one Earth. It's our common _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8. What' s in the icebo%A few, but little.A. apple, milkB. apple, milks C. a

27、pples, milks D. apples, milk9. Mazy's skirt is the same as her.A. sistersB. brotherC. brother ' s D. sister ' s10. There isn't any in the fridge. We need to go shopping.A. orangesB. milkC. eggs11. Where' s Jack? He' s left a saying that he will be back in a minute.A. messageB

28、. newsC. information12. I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because something is wrong with his .A. eyesB. earsC. handsD. legs13. 一 I am thirsty. May I have something to drink? - Ok. Here ' s some.A. riceB. breadC. water14. Could you please get me some? I' m hungry.A. appleB. waterC. breadD

29、. egg15. Excuse me, where can I exchange? There ' s a bank on the second floor.A. booksB. foodC. money D. stamps16. I ' m not sure about the meaning of the word. You' d better look it up in a (n).A. letterB. dictionaryC. article17. Are there any in the picture?Yes, there are.A. fishB. po

30、rkC. beef18. -Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?-With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal.A. valueB. styleC. effectD. mood19. Today, we have many other to pay besides coins or paper money.A. excusesB. waysC. chancesD. plans2

31、0. I am tired after the long walk. I want to have a _.A. talkB. lookC. partyD. rest21. I'm so hungry. Please give me to eatA. three breadB three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread22. She likes best of all the vegetables,A. A. PotatoesB. eggsC. oranges23. The doctor

32、told me to eat more because it's good for my health.A. A. OrangeB. vegetablesC. ice creamD. fish24. - I ' m sorry I went out for a smoke. I was very tired. There ' s no for this while you are at work.A. causeB. excuseC. matterD. choice25. At night, we can see colorful lights on both of t

33、he streets.A. sidesB. sideC. side ' s26. Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year. She said she would never forget some pleasant while working there.A. experimentsB. expressionsC. experiences D. emotions27. Read the carefully. They will help you know how to use th

34、e popper.A. instructionsB. decisionsC. results28. 一 Excuse me. may 1 know your? Sure. It's No. 3. Bridge Street.A. houseB. addressC. wayD. place29. The two cities have reached an A. educationB. excitement C. agreement D. invention30. There are millions of websites on the Internet and therea lot

35、of usefulon the websites.A. are; informationsB. are; informationC. is; informationD. is; information31.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice32. Mr. Smith always hasto tell us. So he does.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of newsD. some piece of good news33.

36、I hear you are not allowed to eat in class.Right. It ' s one ofthe our school.A. plansB. ordersC. rulesD. suggestions34. There are manyat the foot of the hill.A. cowB. horseC.sheepabout the sports meeting make us excited.35. In order to stay fit, people pay more attention to theirA. dietB. exper

37、ienceC. thoughtsD. awards36. These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect theimmediately.A. amusementB. developmentC environmentD government37. 一 Could you please tell me something about the two_.They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, ple

38、aseB. Frenchmans; Come onC. Germen; Not at allD. Germans; All right38. For my homework I have to write a(n)about the wonders of the world.A. music.B. picture.C. composition.D. exam39. Work hard, and you'll get goodA. lessonsB. notesC. gradesD. answers40. Yao Ming is very popular among teenagers.

39、Yes. Many middle school students are hisA. heroesB. starsC. fansD. brothers41. Peter regards Liaocheng as his second because he has lived here for ten years.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room42. Today, we have many otherto pay besides coins or paper money.A. excusesB. waysC.chancesD. plans43is celebrated on September 10A. National DayB. Teache