高考英语 同位语从句完全攻略素材

1、同位语从句完全攻略同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种,也是高中英语语法中比较重要的一个语法项目,常在历年高考试题中出现。那么在学习同位语从句时,我们该注意什么呢?一:明确概念与特征同位语从句常放在名词之后,用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。如:The news that their children couldnt

2、come back on time worried all the parents.孩子们不能按时回来了,这个消息让所有的家长都很着急。I had no idea when the storm would end.我不知道这场暴雨何时停止。The question whether all the students will be admitted to the stadium hasnt been solved at the meeting.会议上没有解决了是否所有的学生都能进入体育馆的问题。不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡,同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后,而会出现隔离情况。如:Word ca

3、me that the sports meet had been put off.消息传来了,运动会推迟了。Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift.突然我想到了一个好主意:给老师每一件礼物。二:正确选用引导词常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how等。一般来说我们应当根据句意来确定相应的引导词,并且从句要用陈述句的语序。不过同时也要注意:1that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分,但不可省略;2在表示是

4、否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if;3which不用来引导同为与从句。如:At last I made a decision that I would never come back again.最后我决定再也不会来了。There is no doubt that we will win the final match.毫无疑问我们会赢得决赛。I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time.我怀疑他是否能够按时完成工作。The question what we should do with this situation i

5、s under discussion.我们该如何处理这种情况,这个问题正在讨论中。All of us had no idea why he refused our help.大家都不知道他为何拒绝我们的帮助。三:注意从句中的时态一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should do,表示一中虚拟语气。如:I accepted my fathers advice that I (should apologize to my friend.我接受了爸爸的建议,我该向我朋友道歉。The order came that a

6、ll the goods be sent to the train station at once.命令下达了,所有的货物马上送往火车站。His suggestion that our boss (should pay us more is reasonable.他关于老板给我们加工资的建议是合情合理的。四:掌握同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句在形式上特别象:都位于名词之后,而且都可以由that、who、when、where、why等词来引导,因此许多学生会把二者给混淆了。那么如何来区别这两个“孪生”从句呢?1作用不同:同位语从句与前面的名词之间是同位关系,是用来补充说明其具体内

7、容的,可以名词和从句转换成主系表结构;定语从句与其先行词之间的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,定语从句用来限定先行词的范围或描述其特征。如:The fact that he didnt pass the exam made his parents sad.他没有通过考试的事实让他家长很难过。(同位语,用来说明fact的具体内容The fact that he told us just now made me sad.他刚才告我们的那个事实让我很难过。(定语从句,对fact起限定的作用,强调不是别的事实,而是他刚才告我们的2被修饰的词不同:同位语从句常修饰一些抽象意义的名词,而且数量有限;但定语从句的

8、先行词则没有限定,既可是人也可是物。3引导词的种类不同:常见的能够引导同位语从句的词that, whether, who, whom, what, when, where, why, how等;常见的引导定语从句的关系词有that, which, who, whom, as, when, where, why等。同位语从句中有what, whether, how但定语从句中没有;定语从句中有which但同位语从句没有。4相同引导词的用法不同:在同位语从句中that没有实意不作成分但不能省略;而定语从句中that代替先行词有实意,在从句中作一定的成分,并且在作宾语时可以省略;同时由when, w

9、here, why引导的定语从句所修饰的名词往往是表示时间、地点和原因的词,此时他们已经不具有原来疑问词的含义,而且可以转换成相应的介词+which的形式,但它们在引导同位语从句时具有原来疑问词的含义,而其一般不和表示时间,地点或原因的名词连用。如:The news that he is going to retire is true.他将要退休了,这个消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不可省The news that he heard of on the way is true.他在路上听到的消息是真的。(定语从句,that作宾语可以省略The reason why he didnt att

10、ended the meeting isnt known to us.他没有参加会议的原因还不为我们所知。(定语从句,why可以换成for whichThe question why he didnt attend the meeting puzzled us.他为什么不参加会议,这个问题困惑着我们。(同位语从句,why不可换成for which巩固练习:1. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? (2008陕西卷A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where2. A w

11、arm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(06年安徽A. ifB. whenC. thatD. which3. -Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night.(06年四川A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when4. No

12、body believed his reason for being absent from the class _he had to meet his uncle atthe airport.(06年重庆A. whyB. thatC. whereD. because5. We havent settled the question of _it is necessary for him to study abroad.(06年江苏A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that6. Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom?(05年辽宁A. thatB. whatC. asD. which7. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _