必修4_Unit2_Grammar-动名词

1、U2P3Grammar动名词的构成：动名词的构成： 1. 动名词作主语：动名词作主语： 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 e.g.: Its rather tiring walking around in a city. a. a. 可用可用itit作形式主语，将作形式主语，将-ing-ing放后。放后。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is a pleasure doing business with Harry. It is fun/nice working with you . Its a waste of time wanderi

2、ng through high school. b. 在“There is no doing”结构中用-ing形式作主语，表示“没法”。 Theres no telling/knowing that-clause There was no telling whether it would rain again. There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有作用或没有意义 There is (no) hope/chance /possibility of doing There is (no) difficulty/trouble/delay (in

3、) doingIs there any chance of us/ our winning the match? There is no point/sense (in) discussing the problem again.2. 动名词作表语：动名词作表语：其用法等同不定式，起形容词作用，讲述主语的特征、内容和含义。One of my bad habits is eating too many sweets.My job is teaching you how to learn.Her refusal to attend the party was disappointing.3. 动名

4、词作宾语：动名词作宾语： a.只接-ing形式，不接不定式的动词有: admit, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, escape, enjoy, miss, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, practice, resist, risk, suggest, advise, appreciate, permit等.如： It is not hard to stop smoking. Do you mind answering the question?b. 既可接不定式又可接-in

5、g形式作宾语的词有：like, love, hate, prefer, propose,begin, start, continue 等，一般情况下，不定式表示具体的动作而动名词表示习惯性的动作。 I prefer waiting(to wait) here.c.下列动词forget, remember,regret, try,mean, cant help, go on , stop, be used to, 可用不定式又可用-ing形式，但意义完全不同。 remember to do记住要去做 remember doing 记得已做了 forget to do 忘记 要去做 forget

6、doing 忘记已做了 regret to do 抱歉要去做 regret doing 后悔已做了 try to do 尽力去做; try doing 试着做 mean to do 打算去做; mean doing 意味着,就是stop to do 停下来去做别的事; stop doing 停止做go on to do 继续（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）be used to doing习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 d.表示 “值得、需要”的

7、动词 deserve, be worth, want, need, require 后接-ing形式时，主动形式表被动意义。其意义相当于不定式的被动结构。 These desks need repairing. =These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examining. =The patient required to be examined.e. 下列词组接动名词： leave for, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, contribute

8、to, have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth, get used to, pay attention to， be fond of 等 f. 介词后要接动名词： what about, how about, without, be fond of ,be good at 等。注意： on/upon doing sth.=as soon as （when）引导的句子。 g. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit 名词/代词不定式

9、(宾语补足语)”之形式。如：We dont allow smoking hereWe dont allow anybody to smoke here4.动名词做定语：动名词做定语： a swimming pool; a walking stick; 可于名词之前构成合成词，大多表示该名词的用途或目的。 The young cook stood at the stove holding a frying pan in his hand.5.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构1、动名词带上自己的逻辑主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。2、其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的通

10、格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。e.g.: Do you mind my / me opening the door? I cant imagine Marys / Mary marrying such a young man.3、在下列情况下二者不能相互替代： 1）当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格或物主代词表示。 His being late made the teacher angry. （正确） Him being late made the teacher angry.（错误）2）如动名词的逻辑主语表示的是无生命的东西，或

11、是虽表有生命的东西但表示的是泛指意义，或是两个以上表示有生命意义的名词并列，这时必须用人称代词的宾格或名词的通格作该动名词的逻辑主语。The boy was frightened by the door (not the doors) shutting.Have you heard of women playing with fire?The father insisted on John and Mary walking to school.3)当逻辑主语是this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody anyone时用其通格形式。H

12、e disapproved of that being said about John.The teacher dislikes anyone being late.He insisted on this being true.应试技巧：1)重视句子分析，摆脱思维定势 1.Does the way you thought of _ rid of bad mood make any sense? (get) 2.The moment weve been looking forward to _ (draw) near towards us.2) 若用动名词，要关注其主动、被动和时态形式；以及动名

13、词的否定、加逻辑主语等问题。to getdraws It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExcersice2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrow

14、ing; bringing3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped6. We should often practise _ English with each other. A.

15、 to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying8. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing

16、D. couldnt help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation(

17、休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read14. You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for_ minute (微

18、小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine16. Mike has got used _ up late at night. A. to stay B. stayed C. to staying D. staying17. Once the heart stops _, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating18. We are now busy _ for the examination.

19、 A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared19. I remembered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see20. I regret _ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. said21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) _ others. A. being infe

20、cted(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected22.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed23. _ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed24. You cant i

21、magine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. (辽宁2007) walked B. walk A.C. to walk D. walking25. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. (福建2004)A. pass B. to passC. passed D. passing26. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ here. (江苏2007) A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking27. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. (陕西2006) accept B. accepting A.C. to accept D. accepted动名词用法口诀：动名词用法口诀：避 免 错 过 弃 延 期 ， 建 议 完 成 值 练 习 ；避 免 错 过 弃 延 期 ， 建 议 完 成 值 练 习 ；乐 想 冒 险