延续性动词与结束性动词

1、英语教学中英语教学中延续性动词延续性动词与与终止终止性动词性动词的用法的用法英语动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的英语动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词（长短可分为延续性动词（Durative verb）与终止性动词与终止性动词(Terminative verb又称做结又称做结束性动词，瞬间动词或非延续性动词束性动词，瞬间动词或非延续性动词) 。 一、延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与

2、表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间，for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+点时间，since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; ect. 1.He has lived here for 6 years. 2.You can keep the book for 5 days. 3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. 4.How long did you stay there last year?二、二、终止性动词表示不能延续的动作，

3、这种动作发生后终止性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束或产生某种结果。立即结束或产生某种结果。 如如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy . leave， arrive，join， become， hear ， marrygraduate， ect. 终止性动词在肯定句中与终止性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点表示时间点的状语连用的状语连用如：如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; eg. He died 5 years ago. 终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续

4、，所以在终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，且看下面三个且看下面三个错误错误句子：句子： 1),Jim has come here for five years. 2),He has died for 3 years. 3),how long has she left HongKong? 但但否定的终止性动词否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。eg. I have

5、nt left here for 3 years. 如果终止性动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用，如果终止性动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用，解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将终止性动词转换为延续性动词。终止性动词转换为延续性动词。 三、三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换 1，用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词：，用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词： borrow - keep, buy - have, become/come/go-be , catch a cold - have a cold, open

6、sth. - keep sth. open, put on- wear , eg. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 2,将终止性动词转换为将终止性动词转换为be+介词短语介词短语 begin/start - be on, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构组织机构/be a member of+组织机构组织机构, go to schoolbe in school , get to/ arrive/reach /come/go/move- be in/at+sw. p

7、ut onbe on eg.He has been in school for 9 years. 3, 将终止性动词转换为将终止性动词转换为be+名词名词 join the armybe a soldier, join the League/Partybe a League/Party member , go to schoolbe a student eg . He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been a Party member for 2 years. He has been a student for 9 years. 4，用，用be+

8、adj./adv.结构替换结构替换 close/openbe closed/open ,come /go back/return -be back, come here - be here, die - be dead, fall asleep - be asleep,fall ill - be ill,movebe out of, finish/end/complete - be over, get up-be up, go there - be there, go/leave - be away（from）, go (get) out be out, marry be married, e

9、g. The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. 5，去掉短语中的结束性动词 begin to studystudy, come to work=work, get to know - know, eg. We have known each other for 3 years. 6，用“It is/Has been+time +since”句型表达原句的内容。但主句一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。It is/Has been three years since we

10、 got to know each other. 7，用“time +have passed since”句型表达同样的意思。eg. He has been away his hometown for 5 years.- Five years has passed since he left his hometown. 8，把一时间状语改为过去时间状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时。eg. He left his hometown five years ago. 他参军三年了。（几种翻译法） He has been in the army for 3 years. He has been a so

11、ldier for 3 years. It is/Has been 3 years since he joined the army. He joined the army 3 years ago. 选题填空（）1My brother _ the Youth League for two years Ahas been in Bhas entered Chas taken part in Dhas joined in ( )2_have you been away from home？I have been away from home for five years AHow much BWhat time CHow long DWhen （）3 .The meeting _ for five hours Ahas finished Bhas ended Chas been over Dhas stopped （）4.When Jack arri