2016新课标高考英语语法填空专项讲解：专题01+冠词、名词和主谓一致（解析版）

1、2015年试题1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】

2、试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let

3、me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority4.【2015·江苏】35.Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer re

4、form.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对做出

5、评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。6.【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big_to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blowB. issueC. excuseD. Factor7.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve.A. is

6、; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。8.【2015·陕西】14. more learned a man is,more modest be usually become.A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 9.【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to beBeethoven.A. a

7、 B. an C. the D.不填10.【2015·浙江】2. Janes grandmother had wanted to writechildrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the【答案】D月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词。11.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most e

8、ffective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive12.【2015·重庆】3.I just heard_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉

9、工作的那家银行，可知表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。【考点定位】考查冠词。【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示 泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一” 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。定冠词的用法口诀，特指双熟悉，上文已提及； 世上独无二，序数最高级； 某些专有名，习语及乐器 要牢记对于做题非常有帮助。2014年高考英语分项解析精编版冠词1.【2014·重庆卷】6. I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the villag

10、e. A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /【答案】A【解析】试题分析：去威尔逊家的道路是特定的，故选择定冠词；本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。叫威尔逊的人有很多，不具有唯一性，故选择不定冠词。A项正确。考点：考查冠词的用法。月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词。2.【2014·天津卷】8. Life is like _ ocean; Only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the B.

11、 the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a3.【2014·江西卷】22. They chose Tom to be _captain of the team because they knew he was _smart leader.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：Captain后跟了个介词短语of the team作定语，表特指；后一空表类型（一个聪明的领导者），因此C选项正确。句意为“ 他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长，那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。”考点：考查冠词用法【名师点睛】冠词在高考

12、中是难点也是最容易得分的题型，只要弄清楚冠词规则即可轻松锁定答案。就本题而言，考查的是冠词the和a,考生在做题时，要明确出题人考查的点，the captain就是特指的人领导，比如我们会说，the president；a 就是一般的冠词，放在名词前，比如a book。学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。4.【2014·陕西卷】19. _ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a【名师点睛】本题考查冠词。在本题中the town就是特指，a就是

13、一般修饰名词的冠词。修饰冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一” 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。定冠词的用法口诀，特指双熟悉，上文已提及； 世上独无二，序数最高级； 某些专有名，习语及乐器 要牢记对于做题非常有帮助。5.【2014·浙江卷】2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into_night.   A. a; the       

14、         B. the; 不填          C. a; a                 D. 不填；the【答案】A【试题分析】第一空a表示“每一”；into the night到深夜；句意：我的论文下个月就要交，我现在一周工作七天

15、，还经常熬夜到深夜。故选A。考点：考查冠词。【名师点睛】考生做题时要保持清醒的头脑，准确猜摸出题人意图。Week是普通的可数名词，就可以用a修饰， into the night是约定俗成的短语，就算考试时考生不能详细阐述该理由，但是根据以往做题见到的句子、用法，可以发散思维，准确选出答案，没必要在考场死扣某一题原理，这在平时就需要大量的英语阅读、做题，才能厚积薄发。名词1.【2014·天津卷】3. Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.A. source B. sense C. result D. root2.【2014&

16、#183;福建卷】26. Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick3.【2014·湖北卷】Her_for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualification C. talentD. technique【答案】A4

17、.【2014·湖北卷】When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，Joans face turned red at the unexpected_.A. commandB. comparison C. compliment D. contribution5.【2014·江苏卷】27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A. symbol B

18、. portrait C. identity D. statue【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A. symbol象征，标志；B. portrait肖像；C. identity身份，特征；D. statue塑像，雕像。句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解【名师点睛】意思相近的名词是高考的热点。要归纳总结这类近义词强调的意义，symbol较为抽象，强调象征、代表，如Olympic symbol奥林匹克标志。B. portrait强调肖像，如family portrait全家福；C. identity强

19、调身份、一致性，如identity card（ID card）身份证；D. statue强调雕塑stone statue石雕像。记住每一项的侧重点，做起题来就能游刃有余。6.【2014·安徽卷】29 Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? That's a good .A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account7.【2014·浙江卷】6. We most prefer to s

20、ay yes to the _ of someone we know and like.   A. attempts              B. requests            C. doubts           

21、    D. promises【答案】B 【试题分析】A.attempt尝试；B. request请求；C.doubts怀疑；D.promises承诺。句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选B。考点：名词辨析及语境的理解。【名师点睛】本题的关键信息是say yes，根据情理判断，我们会对他人的要求、求助说yes，把四个选项意思弄清楚，就不难选出答案了。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。主谓一致1.【2014·湖南卷】32.All we needa small p

22、iece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruittrees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.areB. wasC. isD. were【名师点睛】本题是典型的主谓一致题型。关键在于弄清楚All做主语时的用法，牢记规则all指人时谓语动词用复数；指物时谓语动词用单数。把理论知识放到题目中去记忆，背诵几个类似句型，做题目时就会轻松很多。因此，不仅要领会知识，更要去运用。2013年试题冠词1.【2013浙江】15. People develop _ preference for a

23、particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. the; an【答案】 A【解析】考查冠词。第一空a preference表示“一种倾向性的喜好”，用不定冠词a表示“一个、一种”的概念用法，同时have/develop a preference for sth.也可以看做是固定词组，表示“偏好，喜爱”；而第二空at an early age是固定词组，意为“在很小年纪的时候”， 也表示“一个、一种”的概念用法。综合这

24、里选A项。考点：考查冠词的用法2. 2013·陕西卷19Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java inI thirteenth century. A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the【答案】D【解析】考查冠词。第一空后名词是地理专有名词，必须用定冠词the；第二空后跟序数词，也用定冠词the，选D。句意：据说马可波罗在十三世纪时就一路横穿太平洋到了爪哇岛。考点：考查冠词的用法【名师点睛】定冠词the用于：专有名词前：The Baltic Sea

25、is stormy in winter. Cario lies on the east bank of the Nile.用于集体名词前：The museum is open to the public. He identified himself with the lower classes of society.用于物质名词前：Fragrance diffuses through the air. The air is very clear after the rain.用于抽象名词前：The idea of the game is to hit the ball over the net

26、.用名词化的词前：How about the living there? Is it cheap? The older took the younger by the hand.用于序数词前。3.2013·重庆卷 32The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.Aa；/ Bthe; / Cthe; an Da; an4.2013·课标全国卷 31India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long strug

27、gle.A.不填； aB. the; aC. an; 不填D. an; the【答案】A 【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。此处independence是不可数名词，因此和不定冠词连用。gain independence(获得独立)或declare independence(宣布独立)是固定短语，不和冠词连用，故第一个空不填任何冠词。第二空a long struggle意为：一场长期的斗争。故A正确。句意：印度在经过长时期的斗争之后，在1947年获得独立。【名师点睛】5.2013·课标全国卷 13Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up

28、to midnight，and _ break for cheese，chocolate and tea with sugar.Aa; a B. the; the C/; the Da; /6.2013·江西卷 32Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /7.2013·山东卷 22It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ nigh

29、t sky.A. 不填；a B. a; theC. the; a D. the; 不填【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。句意：这是一个冬天的寒冷的夜晚，明亮的月光划过夜空。a cold winter night“一个冬天的寒冷的夜晚”，表示泛指；sky要用定冠词修饰。故选B。【名师点睛】本题中一个寒冷的冬夜，应该是泛指某一个冬夜的情景，第二个空则是特指那个寒冷冬夜的夜空。从语境可知第1空意为“一个寒冷的夜晚”，表泛指，要用a；第2空的名词across the night sky 意思为“划过夜空”。8.2013·福建卷 21The “Chinese Dream” is _ dream to

30、 improve people's wellbeing and _ dream of harmony, peace and development.A. the; a B. a; aC. a; the D. the; the【答案】B【解析】考查冠词辨析和用法。 “a” 表示泛指或数量“一”， “the”则表特指， 意为“这个， 那个，这些，1.【2013·浙江卷】4As worlds population continues to grow, the _ of food becomes more and more of a concern.A. worth B. suppl

31、y C. package D. list【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。所以这里the supply of food表示“食品供应”；其它worth意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list则意为“单子，名册”都不符合语意，所以这里选B项。【名师点睛】考查词义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理

32、解它们。2.2013·天津卷7 While she was in Paris，she developed a_ for fine art.A. way B. relation Ctaste Dhabit【答案】C【解析】考查名词的含义及语境理解。way方式，方法；relation关系；taste 品位，鉴赏；habit习惯。句意：当她在巴黎时，她养成了很好的艺术品位。3.2013·辽宁卷 The accident caused some _ to my car，but it's nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage4.

33、2013·江苏33With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare Bchance Cturn Dlead【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：因受到其他的饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn意为“变化”，符合题意。share意为“份额，股份”；chance意为“机会”；lead意为“领导，榜样”。【名师点睛】固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担，为出力 B. take a chance冒险 C. t

34、ake a turn转弯，转；（情况、形势等）转变 D. take a lead领先，带头。根据本句，for the better的提示，可见是讲转变，变得更好，所以选C。5.2013·江西卷 22Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience6.2013·湖北22 Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat

35、from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.Adifference Bcomparison Cconnection Dbarrier【答案】D【解析】考查名词的含义。difference 差别，不同；comparison 比较，对比；connection 联系，关联；barrier障碍，屏障。句意：在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障的二氧化碳很容易阻止热量进入大气层，所以地球更暖和了。【名师点睛】考查语境分析最佳名词的选择-即根据句子语境，比较四个选项的意思，并逐一代入句中空格处，能使句子意思通顺且合乎情理的选项即为最佳答案。【例】In our class, when the