第六章 氨基酸的代谢（The sixth chapter is amino acid metabolism）

1、第六章 氨基酸的代谢（The sixth chapter is amino acid metabolism）The sixth chapter amino acid metabolism _ Sina education _ - News - Home - Entertainment Sports Game - - - - - mailbox search SMS Chat - weather - Q -NavigationSina Home > Sina Education > 2004 postgraduate entrance examinationThe sixth cha

2、pter is amino acid metabolismHttp:/ 2003/05/23 14:10 double doctor seriestest questionsType A problem1. Protein physiological value depends mainly on theThe number of A amino acids.Type B amino acids.The number of C. Essential amino acidD types of essential amino acids.Types, quantity and proportion

3、 of essential amino acid E.2. The main way of transamination deamination of the amino acid is not, becauseA. Aminotransferase in not widely distribution in vivoThe specificity of B. The effect of transaminase is not strongCoenzyme C. Transaminase deficiencyD. Just transamination, no free ammoniaE. T

4、ransaminase activity was weak3. Ammonia is mainly based on which of the following forms of transportation in the bloodA glutamic acid.B aspartic acid.C glutamine.D asparagine.E glutathione.The raw material for the synthesis of creatine is 4.A arginine and ornithine.B ornithine and citrulline.C argin

5、ine and glycine.D arginine and citrulline.E ornithine and glycine.The key enzyme is ornithine cycle 5.A. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase IB. ArginaseC. Ornithine carbamoyl transferaseD urease.E. Argininosuccinase6. Which of the following is by taurine and amino acid metabolismA methionine.B cysteine.

6、C threonine.D glycine.E glutamic acid.7. The ornithine cycle formation of urea, the molecules of the two nitrogen atoms from a direct free ammonia, another directly fromA ornithine.B cystine.C arginine.D aspartic acid.E glycine.8. The following substances into CO2 and H2O in vivo oxidation, while pr

7、oducing ATP, which produces up to ATPA glycerol.B pyruvate.C lactic acid.D glutamic acid.E acetylacetic.9. The following amino acid in which one cannot provide one carbon unitA glycine.B serine.C histidine.D tryptophan.E tyrosine.10. The transamination of narrative which is not correctCoenzyme A. Tr

8、ansaminase is phosphoric acid pyridoxine and pyridoxamine phosphateB transaminase mainly distributed in cells, and the activity of serum is very lowThere are a variety of C in vivo. TransaminaseD. Transamination is one of the important ways in vivo synthesis of non essential amino acidsE and oxidati

9、ve deamination, constitute the main body of the deamination way11. Which of the following does not belong to the essential amino acids amino acidA phenylalanine.B lysine.C tyrosine.D leucine.E methionine.12. Description of dopa, which of the following is wrongA generated by tyrosine metabolismB can

10、produce dopamine.C itself is not a neurotransmitter.D is one of the intermediates of epinephrine biosynthesisE is a catecholamine hormoneType B problemA pyruvate.B glutamic acid.C. - ketoglutarateD oxaloacetic acid.E glycine.13. In the most widespread, the highest amino transaminase activity is tran

11、sferred to14. Metabolism can generate compounds of one carbon unit directlyA alanine glucose cycle.B. Three citric acid cycleC citrate pyruvate cycle.D ornithine cycle.E lactic acid cycle.15. The muscle ammonia in a non-toxic form is transported to the liver16. Provide NADPH for fatty acid synthesis

12、 is the bodyA. R amino butyric acidB taurine.C glutathione.D. 5- HTE putrescine.17. Glutamate decarboxylation produced18. The oxidative decarboxylation of cysteine producedType C problemA oxidative deamination and ammonia.B decarboxylationBoth C.D neither need.Biotin was 19.Vitamin B6 20.A. Ketogeni

13、c amino acidB. GlucogenicBoth are C.Both of them are not D.21 leucine.Isoleucine 22.Type X problem23. Participate in the metabolism of glycine withSynthesis of A creatine.B synthesis of purine nucleotides.The synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotide C.The synthesis of heme D.May 24. Phenylpyruvic acid and

14、 tyrosine metabolism defectsA phenylketonuria.B albino.C alcaptonuria.Sickle cell D.25. The characteristics of glutathioneA. The amino acids involved in transmembrane transportB. Removal of peroxides and free radicalsC. The formation of sulfur complexes involved in detoxificationD. In cells mainly e

15、xist in the form of oxidationAnswers and analysisThe sixth chapter is amino acid metabolismType A problem1. answer: EAnalysis:This test: the nutritional value of protein with 8 amino acids is essential and can not be synthesized, it contains essential amino acids, the number of feet, and the proport

16、ion of the human body needs similar protein, high nutritional value.2. answer: DComment: glutamic acid deaminase in transaminase of collaboration, almost all catalytic deamination of amino acids, amino acids and with it in special significance, transamination so separate transfer ammonia, amino is o

17、ff the.3. answer: CAnalysis:Ammonia transport in the body is mainly transported in the blood by alanine and glutamine in two forms. Alanine circulates between alanine and glucose in the muscles and liver, while glutamine mainly transports ammonia from the brain, muscles and other tissues to the live

18、r or kidney.4. answer: CAnalysis:Creatine synthesis. Creatine is the backbone of glycine, which is supplied by arginine, and SAM is supplied with methyl ester and synthesized.5. answer: AAnalysis:Ornithine circulates in the liver and produces urea through the circulation of ornithine,The key enzyme

19、is amino acyl phosphate synthase I.6. answer: BAnalysis:This test: decarboxylation of amino acid taurine amine is an important material in the body, formed by the decarboxylation of sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine.7. answer: DAnalysis:Urea generation. Arginine and citrulline produce arginine a

20、nd fumaric acid in cytosol, and arginine produces urea and ornithine under the hydrolysis of arginine.8. answer: DAnalysis:Amino acid metabolism, the most important reaction to catabolism of amino acids, is deamination. There are many ways, but the combination of deamination is most important. The c

21、ombined process is: firstly, amino acid deamination and alpha ketoglutarate transaminase in the role of generating alpha keto acid and glutamic acid, glutamate and L- by glutamate dehydrogenase, deamination to generate alpha ketoglutarate, which continue to participate in the transamination. The who

22、le process of deamination is reversible, and it is also the main way to synthesize non essential amino acids in vivo. The hydrogen that is removed by glutamate dehydrogenase and enters the respiratory chain to produce ATP, a 3 molecule.9. answer: EAnalysis:An amino acid that provides one carbon unit

23、. Some amino acids decompose and produce life - specific carbon units.The activity of one carbon unit is a carbon group, the oxidation level by carrying different tetrahydrofolate include: methyl (-CH3), methyl allyl (-CH2-), Methenyl (= -CH), formyl (-CHO), hydroxyl methyl (-CH2OH) and formamino (-

24、CH = NH). The amino acids that provide a carbon unit are serine, glycine, histidine, and tryptophan. Serine is the major source of a carbon unit. So it should be E.10. answer: AAnalysis:The test: transamination in vivo, non essential amino acids can be generated by transamination of each other, are

25、all coenzyme transaminase phosphate of vitamin B6, namely pyridoxal phosphate. The mutual transformation of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, plays the role of amino transfer.11. answer: CAnalysis:Essential amino acids. The 8 essential amino acids in human body are valine, isoleucine,

26、leucine, threonine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine and tryptophan.12. answer: EAnalysis:Dopa. DOPA is produced by tyrosine via tyrosine hydroxylase, and DOPA acts as an enzyme to produce catecholamine - neurotransmitter hormones.Type B problem13 and 14. answer: C, EAnalysis:Amino acid metabolism.

27、The most important deamination in vivo is combined deamination. Under the action of transaminase, the amino group is transferred to alpha - glutaric acid to form glutamic acid. The metabolic energy directly produces a unit of carbon with serine, glycine, histidine, and tryptophan.15 and 16. answer:

28、A, BAnalysis:Metabolism of ammonia and fatty acid anabolism. Alanine acts as a form of ammonia transport in the body, and the alanine glucose cycle transports the non-toxic alanine to the liver, while the liver provides the muscle with the sugar that produces pyruvate. The NADPH required for lipid s

29、ynthesis in the body is mainly supplied by pentose phosphate and a small amount is provided by partial reactions in the three carboxylic acid cycle.17 and 18. answer: A, BAnalysis:The test: part of the amino acid decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA generated amine r- (a central inhibitory neurotran

30、smitter) and taurine (cysteine is a combination of the component of bile acid)Type C problem19 and 20. answer: D, CAnalysis:Amino metabolism coenzyme. Biotin, also known as vitamin H, is the coenzyme of carboxylase. V B6 in La including pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine, is in active form of co

31、enzyme pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, which is the coenzyme amino acid transaminase, coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate or amino acid decarboxylase.21 and 22. answer: A, CAnalysis:Branched chain amino acid. Branched chain amino acids including: valine (glucogenic), leucine, isoleucine (ke

32、togenic amino acid) amino acids (glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids).Type X problem23. answer: ABDAnalysis:Glycine metabolism. The synthesis of creatine begins with the synthesis of guanidine acetate from glycine and arginine, followed by the production of creatine by methyl acetate at S- methioni

33、ne. In the synthesis of purine nucleotides, glycine is one of the raw materials for the synthesis of purine rings. Other raw materials are aspartic acid, glutamic acid, CO2 and a carbon unit. In the synthesis of heme, glycine is also used as the raw material. So the answer is A, B, D.24. answer: ABC

34、Analysis:Metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Tyrosine metabolism can synthesize melanin, if the human body lacks tyrosinase, melanin synthesis obstacle, causes albinism. Tyrosine catabolism also produces uric acid. If the enzyme is defective, it can lead to uric acid urine. When phenylalanine

35、hydroxylase deficiency occurs, phenylalanine does not normally turn into tyrosine and occurs in phenylketonuria.25. answer: ABCAnalysis:Glutathione G-SH in the cell mainly in the form of reduction, in order to protect certain proteins and enzymes of protein molecules are not oxidized ment r

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