Confined space

1、Confined Space Entry受限空间进入Definition of Confined Space:萨帕受限空间定义 An enclosed space large enough to allow a person to enter and perform work or inspection AND has limited or restricted means of entry or exitAND is not designed for human occupancy 一个足够大的有限空间可以让一个人进入工作或检查 此空间在出入途径上存在限制或阻碍 并非人员正常工作条件，不能持

2、续停留的空间。What is a confined space什么是受限空间Are these confined spaces?这些是受限空间吗？这些是受限空间吗？Risk Assessment风险评估Hazards inside and outside the spaceHazards introduced by the task风险在空间的内部和外部风险在空间的内部和外部工作任务导致风险工作任务导致风险 Risk Assessment风险评估What is a hazard? The hazard is something that could hurt you什么是危险源? 危险源是可能

3、伤害到你的某些存在.Risk Assessment风险评估What is a risk 什么是风险什么是风险 Are you going to get hurt? 你会得到伤害吗? Level of risk based on severity and probability 风险等级基于严重度和可能性Risk Assessment what are the hazards?风险评估 危险源在哪里? Fire or explosion 火灾或爆炸火灾或爆炸 Flammable substances and oxygen enrichment易燃品和富氧空间易燃品和富氧空间 Loss of co

4、nsciousness through 失去意识失去意识 Increase in body temperature 体温升高体温升高 Gas, fume, vapour or lack of oxygen 气体，烟雾，蒸汽或缺氧气体，烟雾，蒸汽或缺氧 Drowning thorough the increase in the level of a liquid 溺死在上升的液体里溺死在上升的液体里 Asphyxiation from a free flowing solid or entrapment from a free flowing solid 窒息窒息 Disease 疾病疾病Wha

5、t is the best way to avoid these hazards?避免伤害最好途径？Dont go in!不要进入！Do we need to go in?我们是否需要进入？ No person shall enter a confined space to carry out work for any purpose unless it is not possible to achieve that purpose without entry除非除了进入没有别的办法外，禁止任何人进入受限空间除非除了进入没有别的办法外，禁止任何人进入受限空间 Or in other words

6、, you must work outside the space unless you have to enter the space to do the work或者说，除非必须进入，否则请你在受限空间外面作业Risk Assessment风险评估 If it is not possible to prevent work in a confined space the employer will have to assess the risk connected with the entering or working in the space如果无法避免进入受限空间，雇佣者必须评估进入

7、的风险 The assessment will identify the risks and a safe system of work will be made based on these risks评估风险并建立工作安全流程Risk Assessment Factors风险评估 因素Previous contents 以前的物质以前的物质 Residues 残留物残留物Contamination 污染物污染物Oxygen deficiency or enrichment 氧含量氧含量Physical dimensions of the space 物理尺寸物理尺寸What is the

8、normal Oxygen level in air?空气中的正常氧含量Normal正常正常 20.8%Unconscious at 失去知觉失去知觉 16%密闭空间氧气含量密闭空间氧气含量19.5%R23%氧气对人体的影响纯氧100%大于0.05MPa（半个大气压）的纯氧环境中，对所有的细胞都有毒害作用，吸入时间过长，就可能发生“氧中毒”。肺部毛细管屏障被破坏，导致肺水肿、肺淤血和出血，严重影响呼吸功能，进而使各胀器缺氧而发生损害。在0.1 MPa（1个大气压）的纯氧环境中，人只能存活24小时，就会发生肺炎，最终导致呼吸衰竭、窒息而死。人在0.2 MPa（2个大气压）高压纯氧环境中，最多可停

9、留1.5小时-2小时，超过了会引起脑中毒，生命节奏紊乱，精神错乱，记忆丧失。如加入0.3 MPa（3个大气压）甚至更高的氧，人会在数分钟内发生脑细胞变性坏死，抽搐昏迷，导致死亡过量吸氧对人体影响过量吸氧还会促进生命衰老。进入人体的氧与细胞中的氧化酶发生反应，可生成过氧化氢，进而变成脂褐素。这种脂褐素是加速细胞衰老的有害物质，它堆积在心肌，使心肌细胞老化，心功能减退；堆积在血管壁上，造成血管老化和硬化；堆积在肝脏，削弱肝功能；堆积在大脑，引起智力下降，记忆力衰退，人变得痴呆；堆积在皮肤上，形成老年斑氧气浓度对人体的影响氧气浓度氧气浓度影响影响65-85%激烈的运动后恢复疲劳效果好（短时间）50-

10、60%运动能力最大化的浓度（短时间）35-50%对较轻运动后的恢复疲劳效果好（短时间）有氧中毒可能（长时间） 21-30%氧浓度的增加增强运动能力氧浓度 30% 时运动能力增加 10%18.0%劳动安全卫生标准最低值 15-16%有缺氧现象呼吸数量增加 13-15%油灯熄灭12.0%短时间危险Risk Assessment Factors风险评估 因素 Hazards created from the work undertaken, check the MSDS 工作产生的危害，工作产生的危害，检查检查MSDS Cleaning chemical 化学品 Sources of ignitio

11、n 点燃物 Isolation 隔离隔离 Ingress of substances 物质的进入途径 Equipment isolation 设备隔离 Emergency procedures 应急响应应急响应Management Responsibilities管理职责 SCAP Responsible Person 中铝萨帕负责人中铝萨帕负责人 This SCAP person who will ensure all work activities are carried out in accordance with rules. This includes control of cont

12、ractors, permit to work etc.负责整个工作活动的中铝萨帕的人员，保证符合萨帕的要求；包括承包商管理，工作许负责整个工作活动的中铝萨帕的人员，保证符合萨帕的要求；包括承包商管理，工作许可等可等 Authorising person 授权人授权人 A competent person who will issue a confined space entry permit and will ensure all hazard controls associated with the entry are implemented一个能力胜任的人负责签发受限空间进入许可证，保证

13、工作中所有危害的控制措施得到一个能力胜任的人负责签发受限空间进入许可证，保证工作中所有危害的控制措施得到落实落实 Team Leader 组长组长 This person who will lead the entry team and will ensure all aspects of the permit are adhered to by persons under his control领导小组作业（进入受限空间），保证所有的许可证的措施得到遵守领导小组作业（进入受限空间），保证所有的许可证的措施得到遵守Responsibilities Observer职责 监护人Responsib

14、ilities Entrant职责职责 进入者进入者Responsibilities Observer职责 监护人 Monitor activities inside and outside the confined space and determine if it is safe to continue 监控空间内外的活动是否足够安全以继续监控空间内外的活动是否足够安全以继续 Contact the emergency services if a rescue is required 紧急情况作为紧急紧急情况作为紧急响应的联系人响应的联系人 NEVER enter the confined

15、 space 受限空间受限空间 Ensure work continues in accordance with the risk assessment 保证作业符保证作业符合风险评估的控制要求合风险评估的控制要求 Monitor physical signs of entrants for symptoms of exposure. 监控进入者监控进入者的暴露状态的暴露状态Responsibilities Entrant职责 进入者 Must be trained and authorised to enter a confined space 必须得到培训和授权 Work in accor

16、dance with the risk assessment and safe work instructions 遵守风险评估和安全作业流程 Remain in visual contact with the observer(s) 保持和监护人的眼神联络Responsibilities Entrant职责 进入者 Evacuate the confined space immediately when:当以下情况，立即撤离受限空间： Instructed to do so by the observer 监护人的要求 Instructed by the authorising person

17、 授权人的要求 Perceived to be in danger 感觉到危险 Automatic alarm activated, gas detector, fire alarms etc 自动报警起动，气检仪，烟感等 Take part in a debrief session after the entry Type of confined space受限空间种类 No Entry: Space that is unlikely to be entered不要进入: 很少进入的空间 If entry is required the space must be assessed to d

18、etermine type and safe entry procedures 进入前必须评估风险并制定安全流程 Non permit: follow safe procedure (no possibility of hazardous atmosphere) 无需许可：按照安全操作规程进入无需许可：按照安全操作规程进入 Permit required: Always requires an atmosphere gas check需要许可：保证气体检测Confined Space Inventory受限空间清单Permit to Work工作许可Permit to Work 工作许可工作许

19、可 Fall Prevention 坠落预防坠落预防 Hot work 动火作业动火作业Confined Space Entry 受限空间进入受限空间进入Energy IsolationsExcavation and digging 挖掘挖掘Atmospheric Testing大气检测Test for 需要检测需要检测:Oxygen 氧气Flammable 可燃气Toxic 毒气Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳Hydrogen Sulphide 硫化氢氢气。Atmosphere Testing大气检测The confined space atmosphere will be chec

20、ked 检测时间:Before entry 进入前进入前During entry 进入中进入中Before re-entry 再次进入前再次进入前Gas Analyser气体分析仪Gas Analyser and bump testAtmosphere Testing大气检测 Gas checks Oxygen 氧气 Normal 正常正常20.8% Between 介于介于19.5% and 23.0% If its too high 是否太高是否太高 If its too low 是否太低是否太低Symptoms of Exposure暴露症状Lack of oxygen 缺氧缺氧 Dis

21、turbed respiration 干扰呼吸干扰呼吸 Abnormal fatigue 疲劳疲劳 Increase in breathing and heart rate 呼吸心跳加快呼吸心跳加快 Euphoria 欣快症、兴奋欣快症、兴奋 Headache 头痛头痛 Nausea 恶心恶心 Vomiting 呕吐呕吐 Unconsciousness 失去意识失去意识Atmosphere Testing大气检测 Gas checks Lower Explosion Limit 爆炸低位极限(LEL)Less than 少于10%Atmosphere Testing大气检测 Gas check

22、s Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳Less than 25ppm 少于25PPM25 parts per million 百万分之百万分之25Headache 头痛Discomfort 不适Staggering 摇晃Confusion 混淆 Unconsciousness 失去意识Atmosphere Testing大气检测 Gas checks Hydrogen Sulphide 硫化氢硫化氢 Less than10 ppm 少于10PPM10 parts per million百万分之百万分之10Irritation of eyes, nose and throat 眼睛鼻子喉咙

23、过敏 Loss of breath 停止呼吸Unconsciousness 失去意识Convulsions 抽搐Atmosphere Testing大气检测 Other gasses will be tested when required其它气体，如需：其它气体，如需： Ammonia 氨气 Etc. Atmosphere Testing大气检测What if the atmosphere is unacceptable?如果结果不可接受？如果结果不可接受？ Find cause of contaminant 寻找根本原因 Remove source of contamination 移走污

24、染源 Purge, ventilate 净化通风 Re test 再检测Ventilation通风Set ventilator back from openingVentilate out instead of directly down into spaceConfined Space Blower (gas or electric)受限空间排风机 Blinding盲板Disconnecting断开Double block and bleed二次隔断Isolation: Gases, liquids and other flowing materials隔离：气体，液体，其它物质Equipm

25、ent设备 Gas cylinders 气瓶 Out side space and turned off after use 在空间外，使用后关闭 Fall prevention 坠落预防 Temporary barriers, covers etc. to be used 临时护栏，盖板等Special Equipment May be needed特殊设备 Explosion-proof equipment 防爆设备 Instrumentation 仪器 Lockout/ Tagout devices 上锁挂牌 Approved lighting 安全照明 PPE Ventilation

26、equipment 通风设备 Radio 无线电 Barriers 护栏 Ladders 梯子 Entry/exit equipment 进入/离开工具 Rescue/retrieval equipment 救援设备Equipment设备 All entrants must use 进入者必须使用 Safety helmet 安全帽 Safety boots, gloves, eye protection, hearing protection安全鞋，手套，护目镜，耳塞 Suitable Overalls 所有合适的 Harness 安全带 Self rescue sets 自救设施Harne

27、ss Training 安全带培训Have you had training? 是否经过培训？是否经过培训？If not you can not go into the Confined Space 如非，如非，不能进入受限空间不能进入受限空间Tripod and WinchUse tripod and winch with harnessTripod and Winch三脚架和绞盘Self Contained Rescue SetsSelf contained breathing apparatus will supply air for 10 minutesEmergency Proced

28、ures应急响应 Tripod and winch 三脚架和绞盘 Harness 安全带 Self Rescue Breathing Apparatus 呼吸器材 Continuous air monitoring 持续大气检测Emergency Procedures应急响应 If entrants experience difficulties a self rescue will be performed如果进入者自己感到不适,应自救 If self rescue is not possible the external emergency services will be called

29、or the internal rescue team如果自救不可能如果自救不可能, 呼救外部救援力量呼救外部救援力量 Observer contacts the emergency services directly or via site security etc 监护人立即呼叫外部救援或通过保安 No observer is to attempt a rescue监护人不可尝试救援监护人不可尝试救援Confined Space Permit to Work受限空间进入许可 Pre-job meeting 工作前会议工作前会议 Review job, risk assessment and

30、 specific safe working instructions 评估风险和安全作业流程 Permit to Work: Request 申请申请 Completed by confined space entry team leader and signed by all members of the team including observers 由组长完成,组员和监护人需要签字Permit to Work工作许可Testing and Isolation 检测和隔离检测和隔离 Gas testing will be completed by the authorising per

31、son prior to entry进入前，授权人完成气体检测 Gas analyser must be bump tested 气检仪必须得到矫正 All energy isolations will be preformed as required by the risk assessment 隔离风险评估需要隔离的所有能源 The authorising person will then complete the isolation section which will now allow entry into the confined space 授权人隔离能源后，方可进入Confined Space