高考英语新题型【概要写作】秘籍

1、高考英语新题型【概要写作】秘籍新高考改革实行之后，各个科目的题型会发生一定变化，英语新题型主要是下面两个方面：Part 1概要写作概述根据普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明高考综合改革试验省份试用（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下：1. 任务要求：提供一篇350 词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60 词左右的内容概要。所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。2. 考查要点：概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、

2、理解判断能力及概括能力等。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读 理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。3. 评分原则：(1) 本题总分为25 分，按 5 个档次给分。(2) 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。(3) 词数少于40 的和多于80 的，从总分中减去2 分。(4) 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； 上下文的连贯性；对各要点表达的独立性情况。(5) 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其 对交际的影响程度予以考虑。(6)

3、 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。4. 各档次的给分范围和要求：第五档 (21 - 25)1.理隹确，涵盖全部要点。2.能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。4.完全使用自己的语言.第四档 (16 - 20)1.理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。2.所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。3.比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。4.有个别整句抄自原文。第三档 (11 -15)1.理解较为准确,涵盖大部分要点。2,所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达.3.应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上

4、下文内容连贯，4.出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档(6 - 10)L理解有谩差，仅涵盖半数要点.2.有些语法结构和词;匚方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。3.较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。4.出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档 (1-5)1.没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。2.有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。3.缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。4 .多个句子按自原文。分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。档次描Part 2写作方法Step 1 ：确定体裁，明确主题Step 2 ：明确文章结构（总 -分，总 -分 -总，分 -

5、总，并列）Step 3 ：划主题句与关键信息Step 4 ：写纲要，打草稿Step 5 ：润色成文1. 找准体裁，提炼要点 保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容 删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果），避免重复按体裁如下：记叙文，主要信息应包括：When? Where? Who? What?Why? How（ 时间先后顺序/事情发展顺序）? Result议论文，作者的观点。作者如何论证自己的观点的（举例证明的，归纳总结例证的内容和作用）结构：原文 【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】-【总-分】结构：原文 【总-分-总（末段与首段观点相反）】-【总-分-总（加衔接词表转折关

6、系）】结构：原文 【并列结构（段与段的观点并列、递进或相反）一【并列结构（加衔接词表并列/转折逻辑关系）】说明文，【解释一个理论】那么这个理论的特点和实际用途是什么？【解释一项实验等】实验的目的、对象、结果分别是什么？2. 语言：同义词& 词组替换；句式简化；句子重构 同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important ） 句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；） 句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语

7、态（主动变被动）等3. 衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词；记叙文可省略衔接词。增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词 firstly,secondly, finally ;and ，moreover ，furthermore ；but, instead, however举例如下：（.hris is not a traditional txplureM 株E陇 者1, Yel his

8、job can sometimes be iim asand Jann亡routbeltig an ekplortf.hri、mW” "h organization also knon as Doctors Withaui Borders （无国界医生）一 MEF sends uaitied doctors all Over he 穗orkl to help people afttr ；I is nr or a disaster. Chris is a doctor From France who has travelled to many plates to organize pr

9、ograms that help people.At the moment, there are 27,000 trained medical stafT inking pan in MSF tasks he organizafion received the Nobel Peac Pri/e 'll ki”,八十1iihuimi i；h卜 Ilk： iiit讨 i” h：prcparLtS【电二皇 Merm inj *'4 力 山。cig=find of-coTirse doctor：; with experience in tropical（羯 带）diseases are

10、 especially usefill because mosi of MSFs work is in Africa. When doctors completed a fev tdsks, they miiibi be sent imi an cinergcncy "恰k HIiiig ! disaster such as an earthquake.Rui whv wculd a doc lor leave a comfortable lite and a good salary to join MSF? According to Chris, the exuerience yo

11、u gain a mftit helt）in you1Besities, just like ihe explorers of the past, you need to keep an open mind and Learn lo mix well with ihe people you meet. Most importantly, at the end of each task you 烟ie ma加 出rel出丹Rryrafe to。心中口Ie s卜镌一体裁，记叙文Who,hat - his jobWhat, 叫 here hyiSummary:Chris, whose job is

12、exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS ' s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks his job is meaningful/helpful and he gains a lot. （同义词转换）Pt?0口It? whu也蛆 用uuimwide udn±rally li*e h#ihaii111T* MlP.

13、 Liw 血过A number of reasons may lielp explain体裁*议论文ihis point.To sum with, -nTicrs sre 访丁1 % 二。1】由。江川】11口丸一 They breathe fresh air. They make friends with trees find stones, ccus and dags. They listen to the songs of birds They fight widi strong结构；总分、作者观点工winds. This comatt wilh naiiirc is good for t

14、he hcnlth of both bodyand spiritNext, hard Dh%5icpl work kve的幅rme小棺即d huHhhv. it 百 十总 widely believed That Ormers suffer fronn far less diseases （hanpeople in the city There nre rnany diseases ihjif are common icin. bui not in the countryside. For example, near-sightedness is ahnasl iiuknowii to fai

15、rriers Besides, heifi/ I-lrc Inim ucbjjHpressure do&s eaod to die health of farmers.Moreover, because There are less cars, nintorcars and C'lher kinds of vehicles in the countryside onein walk im6tt ficA wtrhout beine afraid ot accidents The environnirnt 归 hertcr in theu 一 ,. .l<i lining

16、ide, which mdkes the farmers 11、匚 j 卬”门 ”t，！ pr rtillThe iarrners can aho £t fiesh uraitC vuKetablaJ fruits andmilk easily. They eniovhese advantage that neoolc living in h.论点心结句T呼应观点SummaryPeople from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantages such as

17、 close with nature, physical work, being free from urban pressure, more free walk, quiet and peaceful environment, fresh food, etc.（句式改变）Fanners use diffetetit kinds of soil conseiAaiion methodmuiuct their 131Hl item danui解e by 后口独由匕 hj】l! diu thrt亡与 of.-.a?nrc. One important form of soil conservati

18、on l£ the use ofwindbreaks（防风林，一Windbreaks are barriers fhrmeti by trees and othn ilanti withFarmers plani Thein in lines around their neMsiWindbreaks 与tup the wiad from bluwini il away They also kggg ie '.< ind H Dili du、L八iu t>rjii；. 口久” I hex jrennpnnanf 砧Erg艺 na gn»ns, such a

19、s wheatThere have been studies done on windbreaks in pans 出 WestAfrica, k is found ilia； train harvests van be 2<JQo higher m fieldspro：ecied by windbreaks compared to fields without suchprotecrion西里且wjM福林，施加/W6t gf吨加Hky 则hale nJ i.i riii-.1-； iliioiih 1 f the wall of trees and plants stopswind compkidy, thn violent air moveTnenb will take place closetc die ground Tliee movcnients uill lift sod into *he air where itwill be blown away. For this reason, a windbrenk is best if it hnsonly 60% to 80% of the Hees and plants needed lo ibrin a solidlineAti cusy role