最新英语语法整理之从句

1、精品文档语法内谷 从句一.从句的分类主语从句（谓语之前） This is what he told me last night.表语从句（系动词之后） What he said is true.宾语从句（实意动词之后） Tell me what he said at the meeting同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）The news that he will come makesme happy.（解释 the news）定语从句（修饰名词或代词）The newsthat he tole me is true状语从句（修饰动词）1 .）时间.I stayed home while h

2、a was away.说明呆家的时间）2 .）地点.You shouldput the book where it was.（i 兑明放的位置）3 .原因.He didnt come because he was ill.说明没来的原因）4 .）结果.He ran so fast that I couldri t catch cup him（ffe跑得快导致的结果）5 .）目的.We left early so that we could catch the first train.侬明我们早出发的目的）6 .）条件.I will not lend the book to you unless

3、 you return it intme.（说明我借书给你的前提条件）7 .） 让步.（Although he may have told you, I still think she is notto be trusted.（说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她）8 .）方式.You should do as I tell you说明你要做的方式）9 .） 比较.The room is bigger than that one.修容/国I词的比较用法）精品文档、从句的连接词（根据从句类型来用）1.名词性从句-主语从句陈述句（that）宾语从句-根据从句类型般疑问句（weather/if）表语从句特

4、殊疑问句（what/how/when/同位语-where/why/who.)以宾从为例陈述旬： He said that he could help me.(I can help you)般问句 He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can youhelp me?)特殊问旬： He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing?He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)主语从句的倒装（it作形式主语）That he is a doctor is true尸 It is

5、 true that he is a docto汗真万确, 他是个医生。Whether she comes or not makes no difference尸 It is no difference whether she comes or not.她来不来都没关系。Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。2.岸语从句（根据先行词在从句中的成分确.定）主语（人）-who（that可代

6、）宾语（人）-whom（that可省可代）主语（物）-which （that可代）宾语（物）-which （that可省可代）定语（人的）-whose（物的）-whose状语（修饰动词状态）时间when地点where原因 whyThe children who had been watching started to laugh. 一直在旁观看的小孩们开始 笑了起来。（人主-who/that）The boy （whom） you saw yesterday is here nowf昨天见至U的那个男孩现在就在那 儿。（You saw the boy,人宾-whom（that）可省可代）The

7、house whose windows are broken is scary窗户破了的那所房子彳艮恐怖。（thewindows of the house,物的-whose=of which,定语）I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学 的那一天。This is the factory where I worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。（I worked in the factory）He didnt tell me the reasonwhy he w

8、as so sad他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。（I dont know why he was so sad）(2)限定性和非限定性.(不可用that)从句逗号，连接词从句作用限定非有/、口无可省可代说明名词/代词非限定口有口尢有一不省不代说明名/代词/句子This is the book which（that） he gave me. （艮定性定从）He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful.（没有 which 句子完整，which 不可省也不可用that来代替)(3) As和 which用于非限定定语从句A As ”正如.”；(位置可前可后)W

9、hich 这.”(因果关系，位置：主句，which.)He was late again, as could be expected他又迟至U了,正如预料的那样。He was late again, which made me angryfe又迟到了，这让我很生气。(4)介词+which/whom (根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词)The company in which I am working is a large one我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。(I am working in the company. The company is a large one.The person w

10、ith whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有 名的作家。(You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer)This is the program of which I was speakings就是我所 t的节 目。 (I was speaking of the program. This is the program.)（5）定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词）定从-根据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物）-同位语-与被修饰名词是等同关系一根据从句类型确（陈述；一般、特殊

11、）-对被修饰名词进一步说明The news which he told me made happy.（the news 物主-which）The news that he could come made me happy.（the news=he could come）（6）定语从句和强调句型强调句型-It is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +定语从句-It is +名词/代词+ that+.It is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉 It isthat=We met in this shop yesterday）It is th

12、e shop where we met yesterday.去掉 It isthat 句子不完整）（7）插入语一位置：在关联词之后一关联词不变含义变窄They went to the place where they believed they could find food.This is the book which he said is useful for us.3.状语从句的连接词一逐一记忆1 .）时间.（1.） when特指过去或将来的某一时刻（be doing/be about to）T正当.突然as两个动作同时发生while一段时间然而；却（AB两者的对比）He entered

13、 the room when the meeting was going on.（他进房间是会议进行的时英）He sang songs as he was talking a bath面歌和洗澡两个动作同时进行）I stayed home while he was away.（我彳等在家是在他离开的那段时间）He knew how to answer the question, while I couldnt answe门t.（他矢口道答案与我不（2.）before （一段时间）之前after 在.之后until直到为止（A.延续.B）not.until直到.才（A.非延续Tt动词.B, no

14、t放句首，需倒装）Ill wait until he comes back我会等到他回来为止。Not until he told me did I know it.直到他告诉我,我才直到这个消息。（3）就as soon ashe moment=the minute=the instant- immediatelyonce放旬首须倒装hardly/barely/scarcely.whenNo soonerthanThe instant the result came out, she told us.结果一出来，她就告诉我们。Immediately he came home, I told hi

15、m about it.他一回家，我就把消息告诉他）Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.(4) any time随时；任何时候each time每次（个别） every time每次(整体) the day 那一天the year 那一年You can call me any time you want to.你随时都可以给我打电话Every time I met him, I found him to be taller.每次我见到他，感觉他又长高了2.）地点. Where特指Wherever泛指，无论何处tEverywhere每个地方A

16、nywhere任何地方You should put the book where it was.Wherever you go, you must obey the law不论至U何处，都必须守法。Everywhere they went, they were kindly received他们每到之处都受到又好接待。3 .）原因.（因为）because+fi接原因（主句+because不加so）As/since/now that/in that + 间接原因 /seeing/considering thatFor +推测的根据（主句，+for）We did not go out becaus

17、e it was raining.我们没外出的直接原因是下雨）It is morning, for the birds are singing.（根据鸟儿的歌唱声判断是清晨）4 .）结果.如此.以至于 so （形容词/副词）.thatSuch （名词）.thatSo that; that; so （放主句之后）He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up him.He gave me such good advice that I finish the task easily.He made a wrong decision, so that half of h

18、is lifetime was wasted.5 .）目的. So that为了（放主句前/后，常与情态动词can/should/will等连用）In order that 为了Lest; for fear that 害怕;唯恐In case 以防；万一He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.I hid the book for fear that she could see it.精品文档6 .）条件 If如果（强调两种可能性）Unless

19、 =ifnot如果.不（唯一条件）Only if只要（放句首要倒装）If only 但愿； 要是 （用虚拟语气）If you have a good eating habit, you can stay healthy如果有好的饮食习惯，就能保 持健康，如果没有，就无法保持）I will not lend the book to you unless you can return it in time.（我可以借书给你、前 提是你要按时归还）Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination.只要你努力学习, 就能通 过期末考试

20、。）If only it would stop raining.要是雨停了就好了（还在下雨，表达一种愿望）As long as只要（后者的前提，说话者的愿望）On condition that条件是（强调前提条件）-Suppose/supposing 假设Given/provided that 鉴于（条件）I ll lend it to you as 10ng as you take good care of it.I ll buy it on condition that the goods are of good quality.Suppose you had one million do

21、llars, what would you do?7 .）让步- 尽管 t though （不用 but） although（语气更重，多用于句首）即使（可能、假设）F even if- even though无论 whether.or-精品文档精品文档whenever whatever+名词however+形容词no matter what（how/where/when）Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted.尽管她可能告诉 过你了，我还是觉得她不可信。I wont hire him though he is quite a capable man.他即便是个有能力的人，我也不 想雇佣他。Even though I fail, Ill ke