2021年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套)

1、2021 年 6 月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案( 完整版 第 3 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods inlearning. You shouldwriteat least150 words but nomore than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于 2

2、021 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容相同， 只是选项顺序不同， 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with tenblanks.You are requiredto selectone word foreach blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read

3、the passage through carefullybeforemaking your choices. Each choice inthe bankisidentifiedby a letter. Please mark第 1 页 共 22 页the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Steel is valued for

4、 its reliability, but not when it getscold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle（脆的） at temperatures below about -25 unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developedthatresists27at muchlower temperatures,while retainingits strength and toughness without

5、 the need for expensive 28.Steel'sfragilityat low temperaturesfirstbecame a major concernduringtheSecond WorldWar.AfterGerman U-boats torpedoed （用鱼雷攻击） numerous Britishships,a 2,700-strong fleetof cheap- and-cheerful"Libertyships"was introducedto replace the lost vessels, providing a l

6、ifeline for the29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships30 in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteel structuresincold conditions,such as oilrigsinthe Arctic. So scientists have31to finda solutionby mixing itwith expensive met

7、als such as nickel.YuujiKimura and colleaguesin Japan trieda more physical第 2 页 共 22 页 32.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplex mechanical process involvingrepeatedheatingand very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of

8、strength and toughness that is33to that of modem steelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduceboth the number of34needed in a constructionjob and theirweight b

9、y replacing solid supports with35tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.A） abruptly B） additives C） approach D） ardently E） besieged F） channel G） comparable H） components I ） cracked第 3 页 共 22 页J） fracturesK） hol

10、low L） relevant M） reshuffled N） strived O） violent Section BDirections:In thissection,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraph from which the informationisderived.You maychoose a paragraph mo

11、re than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter.Answer thequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The future of personal satellite technology is hereare we ready for it?A） Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasi

12、ngly, asspace becomes more democratized, they are coming within reachof ordinary people. Just like drones（无人机） before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.第 4 页 共 22 页B） As a recentreportfrom the NationalAcademy

13、of Scienceshighlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential formakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethanever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite inorbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. Thequestionhere is nolonger"Can we?" but "Shou

14、ldwe?" What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space denselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas "professionals"? And what would the responsibleand beneficialdevelopment and use of thistechnologyactuallylook like?Someof the answers maycomefrom a non

15、profitorganization that has been building and launching amateur satellites fornearly 50 years.C）Having your personal satellitelaunched intoorbitmight sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But overthe past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: Cub

16、eSats. The "Cube" here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a10cm cube, so small thata singleCubeSat could easily be mistaken fora paperweighton your desk. These mini-satellites canfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly"wastedspace."Multiplescan be de

17、ployedincombinationformore complex第 5 页 共 22 页missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.D） Withintheircompact bodies these minute satellitesare abletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They

18、9;re primarilydesigned for Low Earth Orbit（ LEO） an easily accessibleregionof space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth,where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station（ ISS） hang out. But they canattain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of

19、its futureEarth-escapingpayloads（ to the moonand Mars especially） to carry CubeSats.E） Because they're so small and light, it costs much lesstogetaCubSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditional communications or GPSsatellite.For instance,aresearchgroup hereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedthei

20、r developmentalsmallCubeSats could costas littleas $3,000 to putinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers, hobbyistsand even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEOor even having them deployed from the ISS.F） The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s,as away of enabling

21、Stanford graduate students to design, build,第 6 页 共 22 页testand operatea spacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR's Sputnik（前苏联的人造卫星）.Since then, NASA, the NationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearemore than130 currently in operation. The NASA Educatio

22、nal Launch of NanoSatellite program,which offers freelaunches for educationalgroups and science missions, is now open to U. S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.G） The National Academyof SciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats' importance ins

23、cientificdiscovery andthe training offuturespacescientistsandengineers.Yetitalso acknowledges thatwidespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-free. The greatest concern the authors raise is spacedebris piecesof"junk"thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamage iftheycoll

24、idewith operational units, including the ISS.H） Currently,therearen'tmany CubeSats and they'retrackedclosely.Yet as LEOopens up to more amateur satellites, they maypose an increasingthreat.As the reportauthorspoint out,evennear-missesmightleadtothe"creationofa burdensomeregulatoryframew

25、orkandaffectthefuture第 7 页 共 22 页disposition of science CubeSats."I ）CubeSat researcherssuggest thatnow's the time to ponder unexpected and unintendedpossibleconsequences of more peoplethan ever having access to their own small slice of space. Inan era when you can simplybuy a CubeSat kitof

26、fthe shelf,how can we trustthe satellitesover our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some "expert amateurs" in the satellite game could provide someinspiration for how to proceed responsibly.J） In 1969.the Radio Amateur SatelliteCorporation（A

27、MSA）T was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts'（业余无 线 电 爱 好 者 ） participationinspaceresearchand communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, byProjectOSCAR a U. S. -based group thatbuiltand launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years afterSputnik. As

28、an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting "amateur"satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrent CubeSat craze.And over time,itsmembershave learneda thing or two about responsibility.Here, open-source development has been a central principle. Within the organization, AMSAT hasa philosoph

29、y of open sourcing everything making technicaldata on all aspects of their satellites fully available to第 8 页 共 22 页everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public.According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT'sfirstCubeSat, thismeansthatthere'sno way to sneak

30、something likeexplosivesor an energy emitterintoan amateur satellitewhen everyonehasaccesstothedesignsand implementation.K） However, they'remore cautiousabout sharinginformation with nonmembers, as the organization guards against othersdeveloping the ability to hijack and take control of theirsa

31、tellites.This form of"self-governance" ispossible within long-standingamateur organizationsthat,over time, areable to builda sense of responsibilityto community members,as well as societyin general.But what happens when new playersemerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing c

32、ulture?L ） Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by fimders, launchprovidersand a seriesof regulationsallof which reinin whatCubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they'

33、;re ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be isadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetwe know innovatorscanbe第 9 页 共 22 页remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthe cellphone wehave

34、microfinanceandtext-basedsocial networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised（临时制作的） explosive devices at the other.M） This iswhere a cultureof socialresponsibilityaroundCubeSats becomes important-not simplyto ensurethatphysical risksare minimized,but to engage witha muchlargercommunity in a

35、nticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence fromAMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests thatresponsibleamateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring tha

36、twhat an amateur community considersto be responsible,actually is.Here'swherethereneedstobeamuch widerpublic conversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesand scientific communities to include students, hobbyists， andanyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use ofCubeSat technolog

37、y.36. Given the easieraccessibilityto space, itistime to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.37. A groupofmini-satellitescanworktogetherto第 10 页 共 22 页accomplish more complex tasks.38. The greateraccessibilityof mini-satellitesincreases the risks of their irresponsible use.39. Even schoo

38、l pupilscan have theirCubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40. iscarefulabout sharinginformationwithoutsiderstoprevent hijacking of their satellites.41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42. Even withconstraints,itis possiblefors

39、omecreativedevelopers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.43. Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles.44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45. AMSAT opera

40、tes on the principle of having all itstechnicaldata accessibleto itsmembers, preventingthe abuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Eachpassage is followedby somequestionsor unfinishedstatements.第 11 页 共 22 页For each of them there are four choices marked

41、 A), B), C) andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe correspondingletteron Answer Sheet2 witha singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years agoaftera decade of solitaryself-employment,there

42、was one thing I was lookingforwardto the most: the opportunityto have work friends once again. It wasn't until I entered the corporateworld that I realized, for me at least, being friends withcolleaguesdidn'temergeasapriorityatall.Thisis surprisingwhen youconsidertheprevailingemphasisby scho

43、larsandtrainersandmanagers ontheimportanceof cultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsat work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial（同事的） ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivityand the qualityof work outputsuch as team-basedconflict, jealousy, un

44、dermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossipand caring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswere a legacy of the lasttime I was in thatkind of officeenvironment.Whereas第 12 页 共 22 页now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work canbe fullyfunctionaland en

45、tirelyfulfillingwithoutneeding to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedinthe profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of "indifferent relationships". It's asimpletermthatencapsulates（ 概 括 ）thefactth

46、at relationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit, disposable or substitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative. The limited research conducted thus far indicatesthey'reespeciallydominant amongthose who value independence over co

47、operation,and harmony over confrontation.Indifferenceis also the preferredoptionamongthose who are sociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsover the long term takeseffort.For some of us, too much effort .As noted above, indifferent relationships may not alwaysbe the most helpful approach in resolving so

48、me of the issuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveral empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Lesstime chatting and socializing means more time working and（产第 13 页 共 22 页出） .The otherisself-esteem.As humanbeings,we're primed to compare ourselvesto each otherin what isan

49、anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than Mends. Since the former is most commonamongthose inclined towardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecan bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutralit

50、y of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable information.None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.46. What did the author realize

51、when he re-entered the corporate world?A） Making new Mends withhisworkmates was not as easy ashe had anticipated.B） Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationships helped him expel solitary feelings.C ）Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmore interpersonal skills than self-employment.D） Building close r

52、elationships with his colleagues was第 14 页 共 22 页not as important as he had ejected.47. What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?A） Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.B） Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate.C） Close

53、collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.D） Conflictingrelationshipsin the workplace existalmost everywhere.48. What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?A） They should be cultivated. B） They are virtually irrelevant.C） They are vital to corp

54、orate culture.D） They should be reasonably intimate.49. What does the authorsay about people who are socially lazy?A）They feeluncomfortablewhen engaginginsocialinteractions.B） They oftenfindthemselves in confrontationwiththeir第 15 页 共 22 页colleagues.C） They are unwillingto makeeffortsto maintainwork

55、place relationships.D） They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.60.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferent relationships?A） They provide fun at work.B） They help control emotions. C） They help resolve differences. D） They improve work efficiency. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In a few decades, artificialintelligence(AI)willsurp