探究抽油机井杆管偏磨的预防

1、 探究抽油机井杆管偏磨的预防摘要:文章分析了抽油机井杆管磨损的主要原因,井斜、管柱结构、杆管组合及生产参数不合理是造成杆管偏磨的主要因素,并提出了合理防治对策。Abstract: the article analyzes the pumping Wells rod tube wear, the main reasons for the deviation, the string structure, the rod tube combination and the unreasonable production parameters is the main factor causing rod

2、 tube eccentric wear, and put forward the reasonable countermeasures.关键词:抽油机;井杆管;偏磨Key words: pumping unit; Well tube bar; Eccentric wear近年来,抽油机偏磨井数量逐渐增多、分布广泛,抽油机井表现出来的抽油杆与油管之间的磨损现象日益严重,其磨损现象主要表现在管杆断、裂、漏问题上。这样就增加了作业维护的工作量,偏磨导致作业频繁,免修期短,作业费用上升,采油成本高,综合效益低。为此,本文分析了抽油机井杆管磨损的主要原因,并提出合理防治对策,对于提高油田开发效益和采收

3、率具有指导作用。Eccentric wear well in recent years, the number gradually increased, widely distributed, pumping unit Wells of the wear between sucker rod and tubing phenomenon is increasingly serious, the main wear phenomenon on the pipe rod break, crack, leak problem. Thus increasing the operation mainten

4、ance workload, eccentric wear frequently lead to homework, undergraduate degree, shorter period, rising cost of operation, high production cost, low comprehensive benefits. Rod pumping Wells are analysed in this paper, the wear of the main reasons, and put forward reasonable countermeasures, to impr

5、ove the important guiding significance for oilfield development efficiency and oil recovery.1抽油机井杆管偏磨的主要原因分析One of the main causes of rod pumping Wells tube eccentric wear analysis1.1井斜是造成抽油井管杆偏磨的主要原因1.1 hole deviation is the main cause of eccentric wear oil well pipe stem在井斜的作用下,由于井筒不垂直,油管上部接在油管挂上,

6、在油管重力的作用下,油管必然弯曲。而且抽油杆两端由于分别由井口盘根盒与泵活塞限制,居油管中心,在井斜的影响下,抽油杆在其重力作用下,发生弯曲,使杆管出现偏磨。Under the action of hole deviation, due to the wellbore is not vertical, tubing hang upside in the oil pipeline, the oil pipe under the action of gravity, tubing bending. And sucker rod ends with respectively by wellhead

7、packing box and the piston pump, tubing center, under the influence of hole deviation, sucker rod under the gravity, bent, and make the pipe rod eccentric wear.1.2杆管配合使用不当是造成抽油机井杆管偏磨的另一重要原因1.2 rod is caused by improper pumping unit Wells rod tube together with the eccentric wear of another important

8、 reasons抽油杆与油管尺寸配合过小,会增加相互摩擦的几率,造成管杆的偏磨。特别是在造斜点附近,抽油杆的弯曲度大,管杆易于接触,在相互运动的情况下产生摩擦,最容易产生偏磨。Sucker rod and tubing size fit too small, will increase the risk of mutual friction, the eccentric wear of pipe stem. Especially near the deflection point, the degree of curvature of sucker rod, tube rod is easy

9、to contact, in the case of mutual movement friction, the most prone to eccentric wear.1.3生产参数设定选择不当也是造成抽油机井杆管偏磨的原因之一1.3 production to incorrect parameter setting is also one of the causes of rod pumping Wells tube eccentric wear在抽油机井生产过程中,冲程、冲次、杆柱组合等参数选择合适时,理想状态下抽油杆的全部重量应该加载到抽油机驴头上,抽油杆行进速度与驴头速度同步,抽油

10、杆柱始终处于拉伸状态。事实上,抽油杆柱受井液阻力作用和各类摩擦力及杆柱组合不合理造成的杆柱受力状态不同,相当一部分抽油杆滞后于驴头的运行速度,特别是中和点以下的抽油杆几乎全部处于受压状态,容易产生弯曲变形,特别是采取高冲次,将加剧弯曲变形的程度和接触频率,从而加剧了杆管的偏磨。In rod-pumped well process, parameters such as stroke, speed, combination of rod string, select appropriate, ideally the entire weight of the sucker rod pumping

11、unit should be loaded into the donkey head, sucker rod synchronous speed and the donkey head speed, remain the state of tension rod string. Sucker rod string, in fact, the function and all kinds of friction and fluid resistance combination pole pole stress caused by the unreasonable condition is dif

12、ferent, quite a number of sucker rod lagging behind the donkey head speed, especially almost all below the neutral point of rod is in a state of compression, prone to bending deformation, especially to high speed, will aggravate the degree of bending deformation and contact frequency, adding to the

13、eccentric wear of rod pipe.1.4含水率升高也能造成抽油机井杆管偏磨1.4 water content also can cause pumping Wells rod tube eccentric wear地层产出液含水的升高,杆管润滑性变差,杆管磨损加剧。因原油含水率升高,而密度增大,浮力增加,下冲程时抽油杆下行阻力增大,使得管杆变形严重,结果是偏磨点增多、偏磨范围增大以及偏磨载荷增加,进而使磨损加剧。Formation water cut rise, produced fluid lubricity rod tube, rod pipe wear. For cr

14、ude oil moisture content increases, density increases, the buoyancy, the downward stroke rod resistance increases, make the pipe rod deformation is serious, the result is eccentric wear points increase, increase scope of eccentric wear and partial grinding load increases, which exacerbated the wear.

15、1.5结蜡造成抽油机井杆管偏磨Cause 1.5 wax rod pumping Wells is in charge of eccentric wear抽油井在生产一段时间之后,如果没有及时采取措施,井筒内必然出现结蜡现象,这些东西一般会附着在油管、抽油杆的表面,形成一个凝结点。抽油井结蜡后,上行悬点载荷增加,下行载荷降低。尤其是在下行中,抽油杆运动到结蜡点时,由于受到阻力影响,速度变慢,当小于光杆下行速度时,造成结蜡点以上的抽油杆弯曲,使得管杆偏磨。Pumping well in production after a period of time, if not take timely m

16、easures, phenomenon of paraffin deposit must appear within the wellbore and, these things are generally attached on the surface of tubing and sucker rod, forming a set point. After oil well paraffin deposit, upside suspension point load increase, the downward load is reduced. Especially in downward,

17、 sucker rod movement to wax precipitation point, due to the impact resistance and slow, as less than a polished rod descending speed, causing more than wax precipitation point of the rod bending, tube rod eccentric wear.2抽油机井杆管偏磨的几点防治措施2 pumping Wells rod tube some preventive measures of eccentric w

18、ear2.1使用注塑杆和扶正器2.1 use the injection rod and centralizer使用注塑杆、扶正器等较成熟的井筒防偏磨工艺技术是目前最普遍、最常用、最基本的方法。但是单独使用注塑杆、扶正器有效期较短,扶正器磨损后,抽油杆与油管必然相互摩擦磨损,无法从根本上避免杆管的摩擦与磨损。主要是针对偏磨程度不十分严重的油井使用,起到延长免修期和保护油管杆的作用。同时该方法也是采用其它防偏磨工艺的重要辅助措施之一。Using the injection rod, centralizer and other more mature shaft eccentric wear pr

19、evention technology is by far the most common and most commonly used, the most basic methods. But used alone injection rod, shorter validity of centralizer, centralizer after wear, friction between sucker rod and tubing must wear, cannot fundamentally to avoid the friction and wear of rod pipe. Main

20、ly for eccentric wear degree is not very serious oil Wells to use, works as an extended period of and protect tubing stem. At the same time this method is also take some of the other one of the important auxiliary measures of preventing eccentric wear process.2.2使用加重杆2.2 use weighted lever加重杆是防止底部抽油

21、杆弯曲的有效方法,它能使杆柱中和点下移,提高下部抽油杆的稳定性,从而减轻偏磨。Bar is one of the effective methods to prevent the bottom of the sucker rod bending, it can make the rod string neutral point down, improve the stability of the lower rod, thus reduce eccentric wear.2.3合理调整参数2.3 reasonable adjustment parameters在保持产液量不变的情况下,由短冲程

22、、高冲次,改成长冲程、短冲次,减少偏磨次数,以达到延长油管和抽油杆使用寿命的目的。In the case of the produced fluid volume unchanged, by short cycle, high speed, change the growth cycle, short time, reduce the number of eccentric wear, in order to achieve the purpose of extending the service life of the tubing and sucker rod.2.4定期实施井筒清理措施2

23、.4 wellbore cleaning measures on a regular basis根据动态资料变化,定期实施井筒清理措施,可以减小管柱的载荷,使油井在比较好的状态下生产,减少因地面防蜡等措施不到位带来的油井管杆偏磨现象发生。Periodically according to the dynamic change data, borehole cleaning measures, can reduce the load of tubing string, the production of oil well in good condition, reduce the ground

24、wax prevention measures were in place such as oil well pipe rod eccentric wear phenomenon occurred.2.5积极推广和采用防偏磨新工艺2.5 to promote and adopt new technology of preventing eccentric wear使用旋转井口,旋转井口使(油管、抽油杆)磨损均匀从而减轻偏磨,延长杆管使用寿命,对所有类型的偏磨井均能起到延长周期的作用,但避免不了杆管之间的摩擦与磨损。空心杆采油工艺是从空心杆内出油,油管与空心杆的密闭环空充满原油作为润滑剂,降低管

25、杆间的摩擦系数,同时改变液流通道,减轻产出液对油管杆接触面的冲刷、腐蚀,从而达到治理偏磨的目的。Using rotary wellhead, rotating wellhead (tubing, sucker rod) wear uniform so as to reduce eccentric wear and prolong the service life of rod tube, for all types of eccentric wear well all can have the effect of extended cycle, but avoid the friction a

26、nd wear between the rod tube. Oil production technology from inside the hollow rod out of the hollow rod, tubing and hollow rod airtight annulus is full of crude oil as a lubricant, reducing friction coefficient between tube rod, change flow passage at the same time, reduce the contact surface of tu

27、bing rod produced fluid erosion, corrosion, so as to achieve the goal of governance eccentric wear.3主要做法Three main methods(1)采取综合防偏配套模式,使用注塑杆+加重杆+油管锚的配套组合,对继续偏磨油井进行治理,但是成本较高。(1) to take composite control partial matching model, using the injection rod + + tubing anchor bar supporting combination, to governance continue