一般过去时、现在完成时与一般现在时的区别 (1)

1、 现在完成时与现在完成时与 一般过去时一般过去时 、 一般现在时一般现在时 的区别的区别（一）（一）一般过去时态一般过去时态、现在完成时态、现在完成时态、一般现在时一般现在时的概念的概念一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的作或存在的状态状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等表示过去的等表示过去的具体的具体的时

2、间状语连用。时间状语连用。例如：例如：He came here yesterday. 现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果常与产生的影响和结果常与ever， never， before , twice, already ,just， yet， so far， since, for ， up to now， in past years 等，等，皆皆不确定或模糊不确定或模糊的时间状语的时间状语连用连用。 例如例如He has just broken his bottle. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态. 通常与

3、副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。They usually go to school by bike.I take the medicine three times a day.She helps her mother once a week.He often watches Tv. Mary likes reading interesting stories Marys father is a policeman.Ther

4、e are 50 students in my class.( (二）一般过去时态、现在完成时二）一般过去时态、现在完成时和和一般现在时一般现在时的的区别区别）现在完成时现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般一般过去时过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。在不发生联系。一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性，习惯表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态性的动作或存在的状态.与过去没有关系与过去没有关系。例如：例如：We havent seen him sin

5、ce last year. 我们自从我们自从去年以来一直未见到他去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）（现在还未见到）We didnt see him last year. 我们去年没见到我们去年没见到他他.（现在不一定未见到）（现在不一定未见到）I often see him.(现在经常见到现在经常见到)）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，

6、与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：He has lived here since he was born. 自他出生自他出生以来一直居住在这儿以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从自从以来以来，与现在有关与现在有关，说明他还居住在这儿。）说明他还居住在这儿。）Liu Mei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）（只说明昨晚） 例如：例如：We are good friends(现在情况现在情况) 我们是好朋友。我们是好朋友。 I got to know hi

7、m in 2005. (过去的动作过去的动作) 我在我在2005年认识（结识）他年认识（结识）他 We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在起来并着眼于现在) 自从自从2005年来我们就相互认识。年来我们就相互认识。（三）值得注意几个问题（三）值得注意几个问题）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：We have studied English for two year

8、s. 我们学英语我们学英语两年了两年了）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：语，要用现在完成时。例如：I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次我曾去过上海两次）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday ,last week, in 1960）时）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 4 4）以）以WhenWhen开头的特殊疑问句，要用一

9、般过去时。例如：开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：When did you lose your pen? When did you lose your pen? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？你什么时候丢了钢笔？5）just (刚刚）与刚刚）与现在完成时现在完成时连用，连用，just now (刚才）刚才）与与一般过去时一般过去时连用。例如：连用。例如：The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。火车刚刚离开。The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。火车是刚才离开。6）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用作介词，后面跟时间

10、名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。成时，从句用一般过去时。7）so far，in the last / past 与与现在完成时现在完成时连用。连用。例如例如 ：So far，many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years， our lives have changed a lot.He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have

11、known him since he was a child. ( (四四） 现在完成时应注意的现在完成时应注意的四个区别四个区别 1 1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。 2）since 和和 for 的区别。的区别。3）have / has gone to； have / has been to；have / has been in 的区别。的区别。4) already和和yet 的区别的区别 A、leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up turn onbe on come /

12、 get backbe back go to townbe in town finishbe over catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on get /receive a letter fromhave a letter fromB、come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the Army-be i

13、n the Army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ t

14、he motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. The

15、y opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间性瞬间性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化1. He died 10 y

16、ears ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turn

17、ed on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the

18、door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间性瞬间性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化 (keys) for和和since的运用的运用since表表“自从自从 以来以来”。 1)since+时间点时间点 He

19、has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 时间段时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句从句 She has taught English since he came here. for+ 时间段时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 例如：例如： for: (长达）长达） 1. He has stayed here for 3 hours. 2. He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.3. He has s

20、tayed here since 3 oclock. 4.He has taught English since he came here.Fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:1.We have had the new computer _ a week.2.How long have you studied English? I have studied English _ I was five.3. How long has he taught in this school? He has taught in this school _ 199

21、8.4. How long have you known each other? We have known each other _ over ten years.5. How long have you kept your pet dog? I have kept it _ two years ago. I have kept it _ two years.sincesinceforsinceforfor James has been in Canada _ Monday. James has been in Canada _ four days. James came to Canada

22、 four days _. My aunt has lived in Brazil _ 15 years. My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _. She has lived in Brazil _ 15 years _. Mike has been in hospital _ October. Mike has been in hospital _ two months Mike came to the hospital two months _ He has been in hospital _ two months _填上填上since ,for或者或者a

23、go.sinceforagoforagosince agosinceforagosince ago They got married six months _. They has been married _ six months. They have been married _ 6 months _. I first met Susan two years _. I have known Susan _ two years. I have known Susan _ two years ago. Sue is in the office. Shes been there _ three h

24、ours. Sue came to the office three hours _. Sue has been in the office _ 3 hours _.agoforsince agoagoforsinceforagosince ago have gone to have been to have been in去了某地，不在这里去了某地，不在这里曾经去过某地曾经去过某地,已回来已回来呆在某地（多长时间）呆在某地（多长时间）She isnt here. She has gone to the reading- room.She has been to Shanghai twice/

25、once/before.She has been in Beijing for two years. have (has) gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。称代词作句子的主语。 -Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？汤姆在哪里？ -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。 Father has gone to Hong Kong. Hell be back

26、 in a week. 爸爸到香港去了爸爸到香港去了, 一星期后一星期后 回来回来 II. have (has) been to表示表示“曾经去过某曾经去过某地地”，现在已经不在那里了。可以与，现在已经不在那里了。可以与just, ever, never等连用。等连用。 I have just been to the post office. 我刚刚去过邮局。我刚刚去过邮局。 Tim has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？你曾经去过杭州吗？ ha

27、ve (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。过某地几次。 I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。我去过北京三次。 They have been to that Happy Valleys several times. 他们去过欢乐谷好几次了他们去过欢乐谷好几次了 have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地呆多长时间在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来

28、上海已经有三天了。布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了他们到加拿大有五年了 We have been in Shenzhen Middle School Junior Campus for over two months.我们在深中初中部两个多月了我们在深中初中部两个多月了.用用have/has gone to, have/has been to或或have/has been in 填空。填空。1.Bill is on holiday at the moment. He _ Spain.has gon

29、e to2. “Wheres Lily?” “Shes not here.I think she _ to the bank.”has gone to3. Hello, Sue. Where _ you _? _ you _ _ the bank?have beenHave been to 4. Tim is in hopital. He _ hospital for five days. has been in5. “How long _ she _ _ England?” “She _ _ _ England since Monday.” for three days. has been

30、inhas been to6. My father _ _ _ Shanghai twice.has been in7. I can find Susan. Where _ she _?8. Oh, Hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where _ you _?has gone have been already和和yet 的区别的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常常用于用于一般疑问句一般疑问句或或否定句否定句末。但表惊末。但表惊讶时讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如：也可用于疑问句。例如： 1.Tom has al

31、ready finished his home-work. 2. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.3.What! Have you already finished it? Shall we eat lunch? I am _ hungry. Have you met our foreign teacher _? No, not _. Has the bell rung _? Yes, It has _ rung. The computer has not been repaired _. We have _ changed the plan becau

32、se Linda hasnt made up her mind _.Have you ordered the takeaway food _? Yes. We have _ ordered it.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFill in already or yet when needed Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、Tom has got up for half an hour.2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for th

33、ree years.3、The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now.6、How long have you caught a cold?7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.火眼金睛火眼金睛Multiple choice.( ) 1. Has yo

34、ur brother found his lost car _? - No, he hasnt. A. still B. already C. just D. yet( ) 2. The visitors _ here for a week. A. have left B. have come C. have arrived D. have been( ) 3. Where _ you _ all these years, Jim? A. have, been B. did , be C. were, been D. did, stay( ) 4. Ive _ this dictionary

35、_ a year. A. bought, for B. had, for C. bought, since D. had, sinceDDAB( ) 5. You _ here before, _ you? A. never are, are B. never came, do C. have never been, have D. were never, were( ) 6. The doctor _ to Beijing twice. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes( ) 7. My mother has _ made a big mooncake herself. A. already B. yet C. just D. always( ) 8. -Mr Green is no lon