计算机专业英语教案

1、学习必备欢迎下载第次课摘要授 课 题 目 （章、节）11.2 GRAPHICS SOFTWAREMain point: Desktop publishing “ What you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) Electronic Publishing HTML & PDF内容KEYWORDSGUI (graphics user interface)图形用户界面DTP (desktop publishing)桌面出版resolution分辨率image-setter激光照排机paste-board粘贴板HTML (hypertext markup languag

2、e)超文本标记语言PDF (portable document format)可移植文档格式PDL (page description language)页面描述语言graphics software图形软件WP(Word Processing)（文）字处理typescript打印文稿 ( 原稿 )laser printer激光打印机学习必备欢迎下载dpi (dots per inch)每英寸点数lay out排版Electronic Publishing电子出版video视频animation动画hyperlink超链接suite of software软件套件1. Desktop Publ

3、ishingDesktop publishing (DTP) grew naturally out of word processingthough for a long time it was a separate activity1 . Recently the twohave shown allthe signsofgrowing back togetheragain.The differencebetween basic word processing (WP) and DTP can be seen by consideringthe traditionalfunctionofthe

4、 author of a printeddocument, as comparedwith the function of the printer 2 . Before the advent of the desktopcomputer the author was responsible for producing a typescripttheprocess of assembling words in the right order.The printer then took those words and (perhaps with the aid of adesigneror typ

5、ographer) laidout the textin a particularmanner, withor without appropriate illustrations, and printed them. The modernauthor does exactly what his predecessordid, but using a word processor,so that the words do not have to be retyped by the printer 3 . What DTPdoes isto automate most of thefunction

6、softhe printer,using a desktopcomputer . 4 Four developments made this possible: the desktop computer with a GUI, DTP software, the laser printer and the page-description language the PDL.The importance of the laser printer was that a high-quality final product could be produced without the need for

7、 traditional typesetting processes (particularly the use of moveable type). The early laserprinters, operating at 300 400 dots per inch (dpi) could not rival traditional printing processes but could produce results that were学习必备欢迎下载acceptable for many everyday purposes, and at a much lower price5 .T

8、he development ofhigher resolutionlaserprinters and the digitaltype-setter (now calledan image-setter)have sincemadeitpossible forwork of almost any quality to be produced thisway,thoughthe term DTP,in some people s minds, is still associated with a poorer quality,amateur product 6 .The importance o

9、f the GUI lays in the fact that the function of DTP software is to lay out pre-prepared text and graphics and a GUI allows the user to see immediately an accurate representation of the final product 7 .This “what you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) feature is vitalto DTP though the slogan should be t

10、akenwitha pinchofsalt 8 . “whatyou see” on a 72 dpi screen can never be a wholly accuraterepresentationof “what you get ” on a 300 -1200 dpi (or better) printer. The sloganshould, perhaps, be changed to WYSIANATTCMTWYG“what-you see is as nearas the technology can manage to what you get”. A necessary

11、 feature ofa DTP package, therefore, is a zoom facility which displays a portionof the document at a larger size than normal so as to display it atsomething much closer to theresolutionof the final printedproduct 9 .Unfortunately only a small part of the document can be seen at any one time in this

12、magnified mode .This idea that the software enables the user to lay out,electronically,the variousitems of textand graphicswas an importantaspect of the first DTP programAldus PageMaker (now AdobePageMaker). 10 The screen is used to represent apaste-board , itemscan then be dragged onto the paper an

13、d rearranged until a pleasing result is obtained. Each of the text and graphic items is contained in its own “frame ” a rectangular boundary as if it were on its own separatepiece of paper, and these are then movedand pasted into position to form the final design.2. Electronic Publishing (CD-ROMs an

14、d the Internet)In recent years more and more material has been published学习必备欢迎下载electronically rather than on paper. The two most important new media have been CD-ROM and the Internet. As a result modern versions of many DTP packages and word processors provide the facility to output filesin the for

15、mats which have been developed specifically for these two media-particularly HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and PDF (Portable Document Format).The hyper-text principle has also been extended to links tophotographs, drawings, sounds, video, animations, tables of figures,mapsetc,and the benefitto th

16、e user is thatvast amounts of informationcan be made availablein such a way that the user can decide how muchto access and in what order. 11 Print publishing on the other hand isstill, essentially, a linear process. The reader reads the material inthe order dictated by the writer, starting at the be

17、ginning and goingon to the end. Hyperlinkedmaterialhas no unique beginningand no uniqueend.All this means that electronic publishing, though having manyobvious overlapswith paper publishing,is very differentmediumneeding12different skills and different software.Newtypes of graphic-orientedsoftwareha

18、ve been designed to produceelectronic publications: web-publishing software; web-graphic designsoftware;multim edia“authoring ” software;PDFpublishingsoftware.One of the potentialproblems in establishingnew softwareproductsof this kind is that of the proliferation of standards. Two standards,already

19、 referred to, are the PDF formatestablished by Adobe throughits“Acrobat ” suite ofsoftware.The other isthe HTML format, now inthe process of being extended to XML (Extensible ML), DHTML (Dynamic HTML) and VRML (Virtual Reality ML).The PDF fileformat isused mainlyforproducingCD-ROMeditionsofexisting printed products like computer manuals and magazines. To helpestablishthe PDFformat,Adobe createdviewer software(calledAcrobat“Viewer ”), versions of which are available for all the major operating systems free of charge. PDF i