仁爱版2019-2020学年初二英语上学期期末复习知识点

1、仁爱版八年级英语上册 期末复习知识点汇编精华版Unit 1&考点词汇against , cheer, team , win , join , club , volleyball ,dream , grow , future , record ,gold , hour , baseball ,heart , relax , leave , ill , mind , practice , throw , myself,care1ess , chance , nothing , invent, score , side , follow ,become , however , tired ,

2、 mile , instead , habit , feel ,foreign , maybe , shall , pick , hit , winner , finish ,encourage , visitor , environment , modem , ring , symbol &目标短语cheer. on 为加油quite a bit/ a lot 许多，大量play for 为效力grow up 长大成人 ，成长in the future 今后，在将来give up 放弃take part in =be in =take part in 参力口，力口入bothand 两

3、个都，既又spend. （in） doing sth尸spend花on（ sth. ）做 pretty well 相当好all over the world=throughout the world=around the world 全世界 be good for 对有益keep fit=keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康leave for 动身去某地fall ill=be ill 患病arrive in/ at（小地点用at,大地点用in） =get to=reach到达（某地）be glad to （do）乐意于 right away=right now=at o

4、nce=in a minute 立亥U, 马上make one's bed 整理床铺do sb. a favor=give sb. a hand=help sb. 帮助某人shout at sb.朝某人大叫be angry with sb.生（某人）的气be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气（注意：be有形式变化）do one's best=try one'尽besK）最大努力（后接不定时to do形式）keep doing sth.继续做某事tum down关小，调低（反）：turn up开大，调高；turn on打开（反）：turn off关闭 t

5、ake a seat =have a seat =sit down 坐下，就座 as well 也，还有 instead of 代替，而不是 more and more 越来越（多的）（反）：less and les躯来越（少） stand for 象征 build up 使增强（buil sb. up增强某人体质）at least至少，不少于be ready for=get ready for=prepare for 为作准备be able to=can能够（后接动词原形，be有各种形式，can只有时态变化）have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得高

6、兴（oneself为反身代词，根据主语用相应形式） &重点句型1. We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.2. I hope our team will win.3. 一 Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? - I prefer rowing.4. 一 Are you going to join the school rowing club? Yes , I am. / No , I'm not.5. 一 What are

7、 you going to be when you grow up? I'm going to be a dancer.6. She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.7. They are sure that she will win.8. 一 Michael , could you please do me a favor? Sure. What is it?9. 一 Would you mind if I try it again? - Certainly not. Please do.10. I

8、9;m sorry I'm late for class.That's OK. Please take a seat.11. That's very kind of you , but I can manage it myself.12. What do you mean by saying that?13. We are sure to win next time.14. I'll take part in the school meet.15. There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.

9、16. I'll be able to take part in the Olympic Games.&功能意念1 .请求允许- May I come in? Yes , please. Would you mind teaching me? Not at all. /Of course not. Would you mind not putting your bike here? Sorry. I'll put it somewhere else. Would/ Do you mind if l open the window? You'd better no

10、t. /I'm sorry, it's not allowed. Could you please do me a favor? Sure/Certainly. What's it?-Can/Could l use your telephone? - Of course , you can.2 .道歉Sorry. /I'm sorry. /Excuse me , please. /I beg your pardon.一I'm sorry. I'm late for class. That's OK. Please take a seat.

11、一I'm sorry for what I said. It's nothing.一I'm sorry to trouble you. Never mind.I'm sorry for losing your book. Oh, it doesn't matter, I have another one.3 .约会 When shall we meet? Let's make it half past six. Where shall we meet? At the school gate. Will you be free this Sunda

12、y? Yeah, I think I will.Let's make it 4: 30.All right. See you then. Do you have time this afternoon?=Are you free this afternoon?一I'm afraid I have no time then. /Sorry , I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow. Could we meet at 4:30? Yes , I'll be free then. How about t

13、omorrow morning?（=what about, 后接动词要用 v.-ing 形式）All right. See you then.&语法精粹|1 .掌握一般将来时be going to/will +动词原形的用法。2 .学会使用 Would /Do you mind.? 的用法。&考点剖析1. I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. 在暑假我看你几 乎每天打篮球。see感官动词，后可接不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。即 ：see sb. do sth.或se

14、e sb. doing sth.,但两者是有区别的：不定式表示整个动作过程，而现 在分词表示正在进行的动作（不管是不是全过程）。如：I saw him cross the road.我看见他穿过了马路。（指我看到他离开这边人行道到另一边的人行道，穿过马路的整个过程。）I saw him crossing the road.我看见他正在穿越马路。（强调看到的动作正在进行。）【链接】感官动词还有:feel, hear, listen to , look at , find , notice , watch 等。如:We often hear him sing in his garden.我们经常听

15、到他在花园里唱歌。Can you feel the train slowing down? 你能感觉到火车在慢下来吗？2. 一 "Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? 骑车和划船，你更喜欢哪种运动？-I prefer rowing. 我更喜欢划船。prefer是指两者中偏爱或更喜欢一者。其用法为prefer +动名词/名词/动词不定式。如： Which do you prefer, an apple or an orange? 苹果和橘子，你更喜欢哪种? I prefer an orange. 我更喜欢橘子。【链接】(1) pr

16、efer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事。如:A lot of people prefer to live in the countryside. 有更多人更喜欢住在乡下。(2) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事" 更喜欢做某事。如:I prefer reading to writing. 比起写字，我更喜欢读书。3. Are you going to join the school rowing club? 你要加入学校划船俱乐部吗?当 join 作及物动词时，意为"连接，接合，加入"。作 " 加入&quo

17、t; 解时，指的是成为某个团体、组织的一员; join sb. 表示加人某人的行列，和某人一起。如 :When did he join the army? 他什么时候入伍的? Will you join us? 你愿意加入我们吗?【链接】(1)当join作不及物动词时，意为"参加(某项活动)",通常结构为"join in +活动名称 "。如 :Would you like to join in the match? 你要参加比赛吗?(2 ) take part in指参与某项活动，相当于be in或join in+活动名称。如：I took part /

18、joined in her birthday party last night. 昨晚我参加了她的生日晚会。4. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 他们将于后天动身前往日本。are leaving for并不表示动作现在正在进行，而是表示动作将要发生。 某些动词的现在进行时可用来表示一个最近按计划或已安排好要进行的动作。如:come , go , do , arrive , start ,leave , return , have , stay , spend , sail , meet , fly 等。如 :Are you

19、staying here till tomorrow? 你 要在这儿一直待到明天吗?5. Would you mind teaching me? 请你教我，好吗?Would you mind(sb.) doing sth. ? 是一个常用固定句型，表示"请你做某事好吗?倘若(某人)做某事你介意吗?"如 :Would you mind giving me a hand? 介意帮我个忙吗?【链接】(1)否定句为Would you mind not doing sth. ? 请不要做某事好吗?如 :Would you mind not smoking here? 请不要在这吸烟好

20、吗?(2) Would you mind if. 此句型用于请求允许或客气地请人做某事。如:Would you mind if I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(3) Would you mind sb. doing sth. ? 如 :Would you mind me sitting here? 也可以说成Would you mind my sitting here?肯定回答: Of course not. /Certainly not. /Never mind. /No , not at all.否定回答: Yes , you'd better not. /

21、Sorry I'm afraid not.6. I didn ' t want to miss the goal , eithe也不想丢掉那个球。“ either 也，用于否定句后或否定词组后。如 ”:Peter can't go and I can't , either. 彼得不能去，我也不能。“ I don't like it. ” “ 我不喜欢它。 Me either. ” “我也不喜欢。”此外，either还可指 两者中的任一个"。如：You can park on either side of the street. 你可以将车停在这

22、条街的任何一边。You can keep either of the two photos. 你可以保留两张照片中的任何一张。7. We're sure to win next time. 下次我们一定会赢。be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事(表将来)。如:It's sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。【链接】be sure+(that)从句"确信"如：I'm sure (that) he is right.我确信他是对的。8. Healthy eating habits and running help to build me

23、up.健康的饮食习惯和跑步帮助我强健身体。build up使健康，增强 体质。build up是一个动词+副词的短语。这类短语的宾语是代词时，代词必须放在动词和副 词中间；如果宾语是名词，则可放中间，也可放在副词后面。此类短语有give up , put up ,cheer up , look up , turn up , ring up , take off, wake up , pick up , put off, turn off, see off, put on , cheer on , turn on , try on , put away , throw away , work o

24、ut , carry out, check over, think over, turn down 等。9. I have great fun running.我从跑步中得到很大乐趣。have fun doing sth.从做某事中获得乐趣。如 ：This term we will have great fun learning English.这个学期我们将从学习英语中获得很大乐趣。类似的结构还有：have difficulty (in) doing sth.have problem (s) (in) doing sth.口 做某事有困难have trouble (in) doing sth

25、.一&细比细看1. play with /play against /play for(1) Our team will Class Three next Saturday.(2) A group of kids were a ball in the street.(3) Does Yi Jianlian the Dallas Mavericks in the NBA?【分析比较】play with玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。(2)题意为"孩子们在玩球",故填playing with 。play against同比赛。（1）题意为"两个队比赛"，故

26、填 play against。play for为效力。（3）题意为"易建联在NBA为达拉斯小牛队打球吗？"，故填play for 。2. arrive in /arrive at/ reach/ get to（1） What time did he arrive the village?（2） At last we the base camp （大本营）.（3） You can easily get the city center from here.（4） They will arrive Tokyo in two days.【分析比较】arrive是不及物动词，后常接介

27、词at或in。arrive at +小地点，到达某个具体的地点，如城镇、车站、乡村、建筑物等。（1）题意为"他什么时候到达那个小村庄的？"，故填at.arrive in +大地点，到达某国家或大城市。（4）题意为"他们两天后到达东京。",故填in。reach到达，抵达，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，无须介词。（2）题意为"我们终于到达了大本营。",故填reached. get是不及物动词，其后接介词to. （3）题意为"从这里你可以不费力 地到达市中心。"，故填to.3. maybe/ may be（1）he is

28、at home now.（2） He wrong , but we're not sure.【分析比较】maybe和may be都是"也许，大概"的意思，.maybe是副词，常位于句首作 状语，句子中还有谓语动词。（1）题意为"也许他在家。",故填Maybe 。may be是"情态动词+ be动词”结构，句中没有其他谓语。（2）题意为"他可能错了，但我们不能确定。"may be在句中作谓语，故填 may be 。4. leave/ leave for/ leave. for He his hometown last

29、week.(2) I am New York next week to see my good friends there.(3) We will Beijing Shanghai.【分析比较】leave常用作动词，表示go away(from)"离开"，leave a place是指"离开某地" 题意为"他上周离开了家乡。",故填leave的过去式left 。leave for +地点名词，表示"动身去前往.".(2)中由不定式所表达的意思可知下周我要去纽 约，故填 leaving for.leave A for

30、 B ,意为"离开A地去B地".(3)题意为"我们准备离开北京去上海。",故填leavefor 。5. tum on/ turn off/ tum up/ turn down/ close/ open(1) Paul , could you please the TV a little? It's too noisy. Sorry , I'll do it right now.(2)the lights when you leave.(3)the TV. Let's watch the play together.(4)your

31、mouth , and say "Ah".(5)The music was loud and they danced crazily.(6) I my eyes against the bright light.【分析比较】turn on与turn off为反义词组，turn on打开，接通(电流、煤气、水等);turn off 关掉，截断(电流、煤气、水等).turn up与turn down为反义词组，turn up开大，调高(音量、 热量等)；turn down把调低，关小。close闭上，关，关闭(门窗、盒子等);open开，打开，开启(门、窗、盒子等)。题由It&

32、#39;s too noisy.和a little可知应填turn down; (2)题由"离开时要关灯"可知应填Turn off; 题由"让咱们一起看电视剧吧"可知应填Turn on; (4)题为“张开嘴巴"应用Open; (5)题由" loud"以及"他们疯狂地跳起舞来"可知音乐被开大了 ，故填turned up; ( 6 )题由"以防强光的 照射"可知应是闭上眼睛，故填 close 。6. shout at/ shout to(1) The children the driver

33、 , but he did not hear them.(2) If you don't stop me, I'11 come and hit you.【分析比较】at和to与同一动词搭配时， 意义有很大的区别。shout to sb.表示"大声叫某人 "多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为"孩子们对着司机喊叫着，但是他没听见。"，故填shouted to。 shout at sb.则表示"生气地或故意地对某人大喊大叫。"(2)题意为"你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。",故填shouting

34、 at.Unit 2 Keeping Healthy&考点词汇|toothache , dentist , cough , fever , flu , headache , lift , pale , terrible , care , serious , sick , cause . health , medicine , meal , litter, energy , necessary , disease , empty , stomach , illness , tidy , sweep , choose , tomato , hurry , question , spread

35、 , among , examine , patient , herself , themselves , answer , duty , save&目标短语have a (bad)cold= get a (bad)cold= catch a (bad)cold 患(重)感冒have a fever发烧 take the/one ' s temperature have the flu 患流感have a headache/stomachach盘头痛 /胃痛have sore eyes思眼睛痛take a rest=have a rest 休息 plenty of =a lot

36、 of=lots of 大量，充足，丰富day and night日日夜夜lie down 躺下 worry about 担心，烦恼feel like doing sth尸want to do sth尸would like to do sth.想要做某事 take care of/ look after照顾，照料 check over给做健康检查；核对，检查get into进入in public当众 公开;在公共场合all kinds of各种各样的hurry up赶快，快点 care for关心;照顾go ahead （尤指经某人允许）干下去；继续，请吧，走在前面all the time 一

37、直keep away （from）=stay away （from） 远离just a moment =wait a moment=hold on 稍等会儿， 请稍等，另1J挂断break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发hand in上交;交纳（on the one hand , ）- on the other hand （方面,）另一方面 call/ring.up=give a call/ring=telephong/phone/cOll打电话一call/ring back回电话 on the phone在接电话中，在电话里 answer the phone=get on the ph

38、one 接电话 since then 从那时起by mistake 错误地 make a mistake=make mistakes犯错ask for leaVe时间彳民（ask two-day leave=ask two days leave请两天彳民）&重点句型1. I have a headache.2. You should see a dentist.3. You'd better go to see a doctor. 4. You'd better not work too long.5. Follow the doctor's advice ,

39、and you'll get well soon.6. So I'd like to ask for a week's leave. 7. How long have you been like this?8. Staying up late is bad for your health. 9. 1 must ask him to give up smoking.10. You must not read in the sun. 11. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. 12. It's

40、 necessary for us to have healthy eating habits.13. We should eat healthy food and do more exercise to build up our bodies.14. Please tell my father not. to forget the talk tomorrow afternoon.15. Must we keep the windows open all the time? No, we don't have to./No ,we needn't. 16. He thinks

41、smoking can help him relax. 17. You should say no to smoking and drinking. &功能意念 1.劝告You should see a dentist.You should listen to and read English every day.Please stand in line. Don't rush/hurry/push. Michael shouldn't move his leg too much. You'd better go to see a doctor. You'

42、;d better not go to school today. If you have headaches often , you need to see a doctor. 2.打电话Hello! Who's speaking/this?你是谁？ Hello! May I speak to Tom? Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green. Is that Liu Ying speaking? This is Kangkang speaking. Hello! Extension（电话分机 ）six two two six , plea

43、se. Just a moment , please.Hello! Could/May I speak to Dr. Li Yuping?Sorry , she isn't here right now.OK, I'll ring him up later.I'll call her back again.Can I leave/take a message?Sure , go abead.Hold the line , please.Sorry. I can't hear you.The line is badlbusy.I can't get thr

44、ough.Sorry , I'm afraid you have the wrong number.3.就医What's the matter with you? /What's wrong (with you) ?I have a headache/ cough/fever.What seems to be the trouble?I feel terrible.Do you have a fever?How long have you felt like this?It's nothing serious. /You'll be all right/

45、well soon.Something is wrong with your health.Take this medicine/ the pills twice a day.I've got a pain here.It hurts here.I can't sleep well.&语法精粹1 .情态动词 should , shouldn't , had better , had better not , must , mustn 和 have to. ' t , need2 .动名词作主语。3 .反身代词的用法。&考点剖析1. You sho

46、uld see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达劝告的句子。shou1d作情态动词，意为"应该"有委婉劝告的含义，后面接动词原形。如：You should go to bed early.你应当早点睡觉。should的否定形式为shou1dn'to如：You shouldn't drink coffee in the evening. 你不应当在晚上喝咖啡。【链接】劝告还可以用以下句式来表达：(1)had better do sth.最好做某事。如：You'd better call him at once.你最好马上给他打电话。其否

47、定形式是 had better not do.如：You had better not eat hot food.你最好不要吃辛辣食物。(2) need to do sth.需要做某事。如：You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary.你需要买一本汉英词典。(3)祈使句表示劝告。如：Please stand in line.请排队。Don't stay up late. 晚上不要熬夜。2. Your X-rays show it's nothing serious.你的X光片显示(你的腿)没什么严重的。“nothing serious

48、"没什么严重的"。形容词修饰不定代词要后置。如 ：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。Do you have something else to say? 你还有什么别的要说的吗?3. So I'd like to ask for two weeks' leave. 所以我想请两周假。(1)ask (sb.) for sth." 请求，恳求(给予) ;征求"。如 :Why don't you ask him for some advice? 你为什么不征求他的意见?

49、Jack is asking for a job. 杰克正在求职。(2) leave 在这里是名词，是"假期，休假"的意思。【链接】leave 作动词时，有"离开"忘了带，丢下""交托，委托"等官义。如 :The plane leaves for Tokyo a:t 13: 00. 飞机 13:00飞往东京。I've left my bag on the bus. 我把包丢在公共汽车上了。You can leave the cooking to me. 你可以把做饭事交给我负责。4. Standing up late

50、 is bad for your health. 熬夜太晚对你的健康有害。(1)在这里 staying up 是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。有时候动名词也可作主语。如 :Dancing is fun. 跳舞是一种乐趣。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。(2) be good /bad for 对有益/害。如：Walking is good for our health. 散步对我们的健康有益。5. I must ask him to give up smoking. 我一定得让他戒烟。give up (doing) sth. 意为 "放弃(做某)

51、事"。如 :Jim is not good at Chinese and he wants to give it up. 吉姆语文学不好，他想放弃了。6. You might get a headache when you work too hard or when you don't get enough sleep.当你工作太累或睡眠不足时，你可能会头痛。enough 作形容词时，修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如:Do you have enough money? 你有足够的钱吗?【链接】 (1) enough 作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。

52、如:She is not old enough to go to school. = She is too young to go to school. 她太小了，还不能 上学。I didn't get up ear1y enough this morning. 今天早晨我起得不够早。(2)enough 作代词，意为"足够的东西"。如 :I have enough to do. 我要做的事够多了。7. It's my duty to save patients. 挽救病人的生命是我的职责。It's one's duty to do.做是某人的

53、职责。it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语。如:It's my duty to study well. 好好学习是我的责任。【链接】1. It's necessary for us to drink enough water every day. 我们每天喝足够的水是必要的。2. It's kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。第一句中的necessary 描述的是to drink enough water 这一事物,us 前使用 for 。第二句中的形容词kind 是描述人( you) 的性格特征的，不定式的逻辑主语( you) 用

54、of引出。又如：It's important for us to learn English well. It's nice of you to say so.&细比细看1. too much/much too/too many There are mistakes in the passage.(2) Eating candy is bad for your teeth.(3) The problem. is easy for them.【分析比较】too many "太多"用于修饰名词复数。(1)题意为"这篇文章里有太多错误"

55、。 mistakes是名词复数，故填 too many。too much修饰不可数名词。candy在此作不可数名词。故 (2)填too much。much too "太"常用于修饰副词或形容词。(3)题意为"这个问题对于他们来说太简单了" ;easy是形容词，故填 much too。2. sick/ill The child needs help.(2) His grandma is still in bed.【分析比较】sick "生病的，有病的"。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可以用作表语。故和(2)两题都可以填sick 。i

56、ll与sick同义，ill主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(1)不能填ill , 只有(2)可填ill 。3. must/have to/mustn't/ don't have to(1) We work hard.(2) It rained yesterday and we stay at home.(3) Look at the sign. You smoke in the sleeping car.(4) You clean the room right now. You can do it tomorrow.【分析比较】must表示"必须”时，

57、着重于说话人主观上认为有必要，有义务。题意为"我们必须努力学习"这里是"我们"主观上认为要努力学习，故填must .have to +动词原形，表示”不得不，必须"着重于客观的需要。(2)题意为"昨天下雨了， 我们不得不待在家。"故填had to.mustn't指"告诫某人一定不要做某事"。(3)题意为"看看这个标志。你一定不要在卧铺车厢里吸烟。"，故填mustn'tdon' t hae to指"不必;没有必要”.(4)题意为"你不必马上打扫

58、房间，可以明天打扫。"故填 don't have to.4. a lot of/plenty of/a number of(1) There are people in the park on Sundays.(2) You should drink water, and have a good rest.【分析比较】a lot of = lots of表示"大量的，许多"。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数 名词。plenty of与a lot of同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。a number of表示”许多，大量的”修饰可数名词。故(1)三者

59、都可以用。而(2)填a lot of和plenty of都可以。5. among/between(1) There is a village the two rivers.(2) The teacher is sitting the children.【分析比较】among指三者或三者以上之间。(2)题意为"老师坐在孩子们中间。"孩子们 是指三者以上，故填 among .between一般指两者之间。(1)题意为"两条河之间有个村庄。"故填between。6. question/problem Can you answer my?(2) Nobody c

60、an work out the math.【分析比较】question指"问题”，意思较广，一般指需要回答或解答的问题，通常与answer 搭配。故填question 。problem也指"问题"常指存在的需要解决的难题或数学、物理中需要解的难题。通常与solve , workout 搭配。故(2)填 problem.Unit 3 Our Hobbies&考点词汇spare , hobby, collect , paint, share, e-mail , pop , vacation , nobody , friendship , knowledge , daily , whether , ugly , lazy , stupid , conc