人教版英语选修六第一单元知识点资

1、U1（选修六）1.Abstract1)Adj.深奥的，抽象的Astronomy is an abstract subject天文学是一门深奥的学科。The word “ honesty ” is an abstract noun.Beauty is abstract but a house is not 美是抽象的，房子是具体的。.2 ) V.1 “提炼 ”“抽取 ”OThe workers are abstracting metal from ore.工人们正在由矿砂提炼金属。Rubber is abstractedfrom trees橡胶是从树木提取的。Salt can be abstra

2、cted from sea water盐是从海水中提取出来的。2 “转移(注意)等Odistract one ' s attention frormjsth土转移开某人的注意力Nothing can distract his attention from his work.3 “概括，写摘要”OHe is abstracting a story for a book review他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。3) n.an abstract of a lecture 一个演讲的摘要2 .Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style pain

3、tings in your home?would rather do sth 情愿做.would rather sb did sth 情愿 sb做情愿做而不愿意做：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth= prefer doing sth to doing sthI would rather stay at home today.我今天宁愿待在家里。I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿

4、你明天来。I would rather you hadn ' t told me about it yesterday?愿你昨天没有告诉我 关于它。我宁愿跟你走而不愿意待在这里：I would rather go with you than stay here.I would go with you rather than stay here.I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.I prefer going with you to staying here.3 .faithn.信任，信仰break one's faith

5、with sb.对某人不守信用keep faith with 忠于信仰 ;守信I kept faith with him. 我信守了对他的诺言。He who loses faith, loses all失去信心的人，失去所有。faithfuladj.忠诚的，可靠的have faith in 相信 ,信任in good faith 老实地；诚恳地4 .As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all ofthem in such a short textsal

6、ad/adv + that so+adj+a（an）+单数可数）（+that）so many/few +n （复数）（+ that ）so much/little （不可数）（+that ）such+adj.+n.仆可数）/ n （复数）eg.1） The book is interesting that Iwant to read it again.2） It was a cold day that the ice inthe river was nearly two feet thick.3） It was cold a day that the ice inthe river was n

7、early two feet thick.4） There are many mistakes in yourcomposition that I can t understand it.5） He has made rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.sosuchsososuchso + adj./ adv.so + adj. + an / a + c.n 单( )so + many (few, much, little) + n.such +(a) + (adj.) + nthat Maric was able to set u

8、p new branches elsewhere(. 07 陕西)A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful businessB5.consequently adv.所以，因止匕I overslept and I was late for work我睡过头了，所以我上班迟到了。Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows v

9、ery little about it.福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off.A. howeverB. stillC. soD. consequentlyDconsequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的as a consequence/result = in consequence = soShe was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it)她被判有罪，因而失 去了工作consequence n结

10、果as a consequence/result of = because of6.aim1 ) n.1(C)目标Owithout aim 无目的的/无目标的achieve one s aimmiss one ' s(0mf 中目标2(U)对准，瞄准 take aim atOThe hunter took aim at the lionsb/ sth ' s aim is to d的目标是.What is your aim in life?你生活的目的是什么？The governor s aim is to increase citizens income.2 ) v.1( 以

11、枪等)对准 ,瞄准 aim attakeaim at the target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子The factory must aim at increasing its quality .他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it.aimless a无目标的，无目的的She led an aimless life.2打算，计划，以为目标,立志做Oaim at doing = aim to do 瞄准 ,力求做到,力争达到Harry aims at becoming a doct

12、or.or: Harry aims to become a doctor.7.Conventionaladj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的；受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈,形式上的conventional weapons 常规武器a conventional design 传统图案conventional opinions 旧观念The chairman made a few conventional remarks主席说了 几句客套话。8.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的 (representative)a typical character 典型人

13、物typical example 典型事例He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils.他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。adj. evident 明白的 ,明显的 (apparent)n. evidence证据;证明The applause made it evident that the play was a hit掌声显然表明该居 U是成功 的。It is evident (obvious) (to sb) thatIt's evident that you are tired. 显然你累了。i

14、n evidence = evident 明显的9.realistic现实主义的，逼真的，现实的in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式realism 现实主义 idealismrealist 现实主义者terrorism 恐怖主义terrorist 恐怖分子SocialismSocialistrealadj.真的realizev.实现9.DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMi ddleAges.ideas and valves定语which were held i

15、n the Middle AgesholdIdeas/ valu特有的观点/价值观I hold the view that the plan can t work.adoptvt.1 .采取 ;采纳 ;吸收After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.再三考 虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。2 .过继 ,收养 (+as)Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的 儿子。3 .正式通过,接受The agenda was adopted

16、after some discussions过讨论，议事日程获得通过。adopted adj.被收养的，被采用的 adopted child10.possess用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：1 ) “有，拥有 ” 。如：The library possesses a number of the artist 图书馆里藏有那位画 s early works. 家的一些早期作品。2)具有的特质”。常见搭配有be possessed of sthj意为 具有某种品质 或特征"。如：I'm afraid he doesn ' t possess a sense

17、 ofhumo没有什么幽默 感。He is possessed of great natural abilityf&彳艮有天赋。3) “支配，控制” 。如：He was possessed by the desire to be rich.possession1 cl财产，所有物（常用复数）The ring is one of her most valuable possession这只戒指是他最珍贵 的贝才产之personal possessions 人贝才产He lost all his possessions in the fire.2 u占有，拥有Otake possessio

18、n of占领，夺取come into possession of 占有in possession of俵主动）占有in the possession of （表被动）被占有He is in of the house他拥有这套房子。The house is in the of him这套房子在他的占有之下。- Does the young man standing there the company?- No. The company is his father.A.have of; in ofB.in of ; in the ofC.take of ; in the ofD.have of ;

19、 in of11.convinceconvince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth月艮某人做 Convince sb that使某人确信某事He convinced me of his sincerity 他使我确信他的真诚。I was convinced that he was sincere.Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn' t studiedoUOsson战确信你没有学习功课。convincevt. 使确信；使信服“”convince sb. of sth. / that .Scientists

20、are convinced the possible effect of laughter physical andmental health.（江西 2007）A. of; atB. by; inC. of; onD. on; atby coincidence碰巧,由于巧合what a coincidence；!多么凑巧的事情啊！What a coincidence to meet you here真巧在这儿碰至 U你。I met him by coincidence. I didn t know he washere.12.a great/ good deal 大量 ;大量Ever sin

21、ce the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. （adv.饰 v.）A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.（n.）He ran a great deal faster than me.（修饰比较级）a great/good deal of 为 adj, 修饰UA great deal of money was spent on the project 那个项目花费了 大量

22、金钱。1 ）修饰可数名词：many a fewa good/great manyA great many buildings have been built along the street.a large/ big/ great/ / small number ofMany a +单数名词More than one +单数名词2）修饰不可数名词：mucha good/great deal ofa large amount of （谓语动词用单数）large amounts of （谓语动词用复数）3）修饰可数和不可数名词a lot of/lots ofplenty ofa large qua

23、ntity of （谓语动词用单数）large quantities of （谓语动词用复数）练习：1. the students in our school go to college in their teens.A good manyB. A great many ofC. A great deal ofD. A lot of2. He is better now. Don t worry about him.A.moreB. a great deal ofC. a number ofD.a great deal13.The impressionists were the first a

24、rtists to paint outdoors.He is always the last one to leave the classroom.14.Shadow1)n.影子The willow ' s shadow falls onatke.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life她年 2己轻轻遭止匕 劫，影响了她一生。2)v.尾随，跟踪He kept looking behind, afraid of being shadowed他不停的回头看，害怕被跟 踪。He walke

25、d in the shadow hoping no one could recognize him.对比：sit in the shade of a tree树荫15.Ridiculous1)adj.荒谬的，可笑的It is ridiculous that she should accept a stranger s invitation.他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。v./n.嘲笑，奚落与 "laugh atRT” make fun 0fs思相近。He became an object of ridicule.They all ridicule my suggestion.

26、16.controversialAdj.有争议的，引起争论的He became a controversial figure in the world of politics.他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。n. controversy 'k?ntr?,v?:si 争论；论战；辩论The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy.使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。16.scores of 很多I have heard that scores of times.Scores of people at

27、tended the special performance.score =20A score of people were present at the party.有 20 个人参力口了聚会Two score of those people wanted to fly there.刃B些人中有 40 人想乘飞机17.attemptv. 尝试，企图v. 企图，试图；努力 试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成attempt doing 反复尝试做attempt to do 企图做attempt to do/doing = try to do/doingThe second question was

28、 so difficult; I didn 第二道题太难了， teven attempt it.我连试都没试。I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别 做声。I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.1企图或努力O2 袭击；攻击n. Oan attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击Shelly had pre

29、pared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing iton her first.A) intentionB) attemptC) purposeD) desiremake an attempt to do sthat doing sthShe made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。The prisoner made an attempt to escape/ at escaping but failed.at one ' s a

30、ttempt sb 尝试下one' s first attem匐次尝试练习：1） 他试图行走直到摔倒。He2）他参加过考试，可是失败了。Hebut failed.3）我企图说话，可是有人要我安静点。I but was told to be quiet.attempted walking until he fell over.attempted the examinationattempted to speak18.On the other hand另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与 on one hand连用。On one hand on the other hand方面 另一方面t ha

31、ve to wor t haveThis job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I donOn one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don money.At hand 在手边，在附近By hand用手的，手工的Go hand in hand with 与共同行动19.Predict1）v.预言，预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。Nobody can predict what will happen in the future.It is still not

32、 possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes.现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。2） n. Prediction 预言，预测Her prediction turned out to be correct. 她的预言证明是正确的。20.Specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan?当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？Each organ in our body has its specific f

33、unction.我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。 This kind of disease is specific to houses这种病只有马才会得。21.figure1）外形 ;体形 ;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.2）体态 ;风姿She has a slender figure.3）人物 ;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.4）数字Where did you get those figures?5）His work now commands huge figures.22.delicateHe

34、 is a delicate child纤弱的，娇弱的，瘦弱的Be careful with those wine cupsthey are very delicate.容易的In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words需要/J、心处理的；微妙的;棘手的在这样微妙的情形下 ,我必须权衡一下我的话。What a delicate work of art!精妙的delicate china.精美的瓷器23.1） aggressive adj敢作敢为的；有闯劲的 侵略性的；好斗的He is very aggressive.1 生性好斗。W

35、e regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive on或们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战 争。an aggressive salesman干劲彳艮大的售货员aggressive weapon圾击性武器2)aggressively advH 势汹汹地3)aggression n侵略(行动)aggressor n侵略者练习：If you want to become a successful businessman, you must 如果你想做一个成功的商人，你必须积极进取。must be destroyed必须要销毁攻击性的武器。be aggressiveAggress

36、ive arms24.In the flesh 活生生，本人，亲自Flesh n肌肉；肉Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?见过周杰伦本人吗？He wouldn ' t believe until he saw in the flesht到亲眼目睹才相信。Flesh and blood 肉体，血肉之躯Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood.Lose flesh 减肥Gain/put on flesh 增肥Flesh-eating 食肉的25.preference- prefer1）更

37、加的喜爱,偏爱 UC（+for）A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。We dress simply by preference 首先，最好2）偏爱的事物（或人 ）CWhich is your preference, tea or coffee?尔喜欢喝哪一样，茶还是咖啡？3）偏袒 U（+for）Parents should not show preference for any one of their children.父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。4）优先 （权 ）;优惠权 UC in preference to 优先于Have a pre

38、ference for 偏爱I have a preference for classic musi瞰更喜欢古典音乐。We had a preference for sweet food.我们特另U喜欢吃甜食.in preference to 优先于I ' d choose the small car in preference to the larger one?可选择那辆/J、的汽 车而不要那辆大的。She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano 她愿学小提琴而不学钢 琴.26.Appealvi. 1）呼吁 ,恳求

39、appeal to sb for sth.He appealed to me for help.2)诉诸,求助 (+to)We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.3)有吸引力,迎合爱好W(+to)The idea appealed to Mary.4) 【律】上诉(+to/against)He appealed against the five-year sentence he hadbeen given.27.fragileadj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；As he broke up with his girlfriend,

40、 his heart was fragile.由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。Reputation n.1 名誉 ,名声 (+for)OThe store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing该店买卖公平，声誉极 佳。He has a reputation for cheating in the exam 他以考试作弊而享有盛名。have a reputation 享有盛名2 好名声 , 声望 ;信誉OThis restaurant has a fine reputation.这家餐厅信誉彳艮好。Cheating at the game

41、ruined that player瞄!邮唯擀城坏了 那位选手的声望。live up to one ' s repUtatfo®名lose one ' s reputato去盛名；win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉You must live up to your promise.你必须实践自己的诺言。They are always exhorted to deliver results and to live up to their parents' high expectations他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩，实现父母对他们的高度期望。28.、 The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。more than 名词意为“不仅仅 ”， more than just 相当于 not only, not just 的意思。如：Jason is more than