北京小升初英语—代词

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上代词（一）我要赶快学代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。今天我们着重来学习人称代词和物主代词。Part 1人称代词1. 什么是人称代词？其实就是表示“我，你，他，她，它，你们，他们”的词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。人称代词第一人称（我，我们）第二人称（你，你们）第三人称（除我、我们、你、你们之外）单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格IweyouYouhesheitthey宾格meusyouYouhimherit

2、them思考1：什么是主格？什么是宾格？主格就是做主语的人称代词，宾格就是做宾语的人称代词。思考2：什么是主语？什么是宾语？主语是动作的发出者、执行者，是句子描述的对象；宾语是动作的接受者、承受者。Examples:I play games. 我玩游戏。“我”是“玩”这个动作的发出者，因此“我”是主语，“游戏”是“玩”这个动作的承受者，是被“玩”的，因此“游戏”是宾语。找出以下句子中的主语和宾语。He is a doctor.You are my hero.It appeared in the 1990s. They love apples.What is your father?Do you

3、 like cartoons?What time is it?思考3：什么时候用主格？什么时候用宾格？当人称代词充当句子的主语时要用人称代词的主格，当人称代词充当句子的宾语时要用人称代词的宾格。此外，宾格形式也可充当介词的宾语。如：His mother is waiting for him outside.Examples:用适当的人称代词填空。 _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )Exercise 11. China is a de

4、veloping country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its )2. What day is _ today?    _ is Thursday. (its)3. _ own a blue bike.  ( I )4. These new houses are so nic

5、e. _ are very expensive.( them )5. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )6. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. (she) 7. Mike is&

6、#160;my classmate. _ is good at English . ( he )8. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she )9. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy

7、. ( it)2. 多个人称代词连用时的排序两个以上的人称代词并用时，从礼貌上讲通常按下列排序： 单数代词：you he, she I如：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I. 复数：we you they如：we and they; we and you; you and they; we, you and they.第三人称男女两性并用时，男先女后：he and she承认过失，表示不吉祥的事，或不好的意思时，单数按1、3、2人称排列，复数按3、2、1人称排列。如：I, he and you will be scolded for b

8、eing late.They, you and we should leave her at once.It was I and Tom that broke the window.如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时，说成：I and my children, I and cat等。人称代词排序巧记口诀单数2、3、1，复数1、2、3，都是三人称，女后男在先。若是有过失，主动要承担。单数1、3、2，复数3、2、1，小辈与动物，我须放在前，人称排列好，夸你懂语言。Exercise 2选择填空1.    Whos singing over&

9、#160;there ?    _ is Sandys sister.A. That                B. It                  

10、; C. She                D. This2.    _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii. A. She, you and I    

11、0;      B. You, she and I             C. I, you and she            D. Her, me and you3.

12、60;   Between you and _, he is not a real friend.A. me              B. I              

13、0; C. he             D. his4.    My uncle bought a new bike for _.A. theirs              &

14、#160;   B. they            C. me              D. I5.    Heres a postcard for you, Jim! 

15、60; Oh, _ is from my friend, Mary.A. he               B. it                  C. she&#

16、160;             D. its6. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _.A. he      &

17、#160;         B. his               C. her               D. him7. Among those

18、0;lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by _. A. he               B. his               

19、C. him              D. hesPart 2物主代词1. 什么是物主代词？表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，即“的”。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词的形式如下： 人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs2. 物主代词用法形容词性物主代词在句中

20、做定语，修饰名词，一般不单独使用。如：His parents are both office workers.My name is Jack.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如：My idea is quite different from yours,名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示部分概念。如：He is a friend of mine.（我的一个朋友）简而言之，形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不能再加名词。如：This is my schoolbag.Tha

21、t is his bike = That bike is his.Exercise 31. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of _ ? ( you )2. George has lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him

22、 _ . ( she )3. Jack has a dog and so have I. _ ( he ) dog and _ ( I ) had a fight (打架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he )5. Mr. 

23、and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ . (we )Part 3正误辩解1.误Tom's mother is taller t

24、han my.正Tom's mother is taller than mine.2.误He and you should go to the library to return the books.正You and he should go to the library to return the books.3.误He or his brother is doing their homework. 正He or his brother is doing his homework.4.误His brother is taller than him.正His brother is ta

25、ller than he.我学了什么1.什么是人称代词？什么是物主代词？举例说明。2.人称代词分为哪两类？物主代词分为哪两类？举例说明。3. 人称代词什么时候用主格？什么时候用宾格？物主代词是么时候用形容词性？什么时候用名词性？举例说明。Exercise 41.Tom and Mike are good friends. _ often help each other.A. TheyB. ThemC. TheirD. Theirs2.-Is that your key, Tim?-No. Its not_. I think its Sams.A. IB. meC. myD. mine3.Mar

26、y is friendly. Id like to study with _.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself4.-May I put these books here, sir?-Yes, please. Just put _ on the shelf.A. theyB. themC. theirD. theirs5.My mother is a manager, and _ works in Lenovo in Zhongguancun.A. sheB. heC. herD. him6.-Do you know Bob?-Sure. I know everythi

27、ng about _.A. heB. himC. hisD. himself7.Songzuyings voice is very sweet. I like _ songs.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself8.-Welcome to our house!-Oh, how nice! Its bigger than _.A. weB. usC. ourD. ours9.-Hi, Mary! Will you please show _ your new bag?-Ok. Here you are.A. IB. meC. myD. mine10.- Would you

28、like go for a walk with _?- Sure, Id love to.A. IB. mineC. myD. me11.-Can you tell _ the way to the station?-Certainly. Go straight on and turn left.A. IB. mineC. meD. my12.-Mothers Day is coming. What will you give to your mother?- I will buy_ some flowers.A. herB. sheC. hersD. herself13.It isnt _

29、cell phone. I left it at home.A. mineB. meC. ID. my14.Many people lost _homes in the Yushu Earthquake.A. theirB. theyC. themD. theirs15.My grandparents live in Shanghai. They come to see _ twice a year.A. weB. ourC. usD. ours代词（二）我要赶快学Part 1反身代词1. 什么是反身代词：表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。反身

30、代词的形式如下： 人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧记口诀反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。说明：1. 反身代词单数词尾都有-self，复数词尾都有-selves。 2. 第三人称都由人称代词宾格+self或selves构成。第一、二人称反身代词都是形容词性物主代词+self或selves构成。2. 反身代词用法（1）作宾语。反身代词作宾语的用法可以用

31、中国的一句古话表示：“搬起石头砸了自己的脚”，也就是说动作的发出者是自己，动作的承受者也是自己。如：I teach myself English. 我自学英语。teach这个动作的发出者和承受者都是我。（2）做表语。Im not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。（3）做同位语The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。3. 反身代词的常用词组teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学Eg: I teach m

32、yself English.= I learn English by myself.enjoy oneself= have a good time = have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快Eg: I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.help oneself to 随便吃、用Eg: Help yourself to some orange.by oneself 靠某人自己I did my homework by myself e to oneself 苏醒Eg: After an operation, Grandma

33、 came to herself finally.Exercise 11.I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom.A. ourselves, yourselfB. myself, yourselfC. myself, youD. me, him2.Enjoy_, May and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves3.Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls.A. youB. yoursC. yourselfD. yourselves4.Who taught _ h

34、istory last year? Nobody! He learned it _.A. him, himselfB. his, himselfC. himself, himselfD. his, him5.Help_ to some meat, Mary.A. themselvesB. ourselvesC. yourselfD. himself Part 2指示代词一、什么是指示代词？指示代词是表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词例句单数thisThis girl is Mary.thatThat is Mary.复数theseThese men are m

35、y teachers.thoseThose are my teachers.2. 指示代词的用法(1) this/these： 近指。Eg：This is my pen. These are my pens. 指下文要提到的事。Eg：Please remember this: No pains, no gains. (2) that/those： 远指。Eg: Thats her bike. 指前面刚刚提到的事。 Eg: He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.扩展：this, that, it, one的区别“this”、“that”既可

36、以作形容词，又可以作指示代词；而“it”只能作代词。one可用数词又可作代词.指“物”1.“this”指近物，“that”指远物，“it”没有远近之分。如：This is a computer. 这是一台电脑。（在近处）That is a bike. 那是一辆自行车。（在远处）2.在回答“this”和“that”作主语的疑问句时，常用“it”代替“this”和“that”。如：Is this/that a car? 这/那是一辆小汽车吗？Yes, it is./No, it isnt. 是的，它是。/不，它不是。Whats this/that? 这/那是什么？Its a ruler. 这/那是

37、一把尺子。3.陈述在一起的两样东西时，应先说“this”，后说“that”。如：This is a book. That is a pen. 这是一本书，那是一枝钢笔。 4.one与it的区别 one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个，但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些，要用ones。如：This apple is small. Please give me a big one. 这个苹果小，请给我一个大的。These books are mine. Those ones are Lily's. 这些书是我的，那些书是莉莉的。it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。如：My b

38、ike is very old, but I like it very much. 我的自行车很旧，但我很喜欢它。Where is my new pen? I can't find it. 我的新钢笔在哪儿？我找不到它了。Exercise 21. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green.A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That2. Is _ a panda over there?A. this B. that C. those D. these3. _two boys are Mr. G

39、reens sons.A. This B. These C. That D. those4. _ two girls are Mary and Linda.A. This B. They C. That D. Those5. _is Mr. White and _ is my father.A. This, those B. That, these C. These, these D. This, thisPart 3疑问代词1. 常见疑问代词疑问代词有 whowhom 谁（指人）；whose谁的；which哪一个，哪一些；what什么。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。如：Who's th

40、at?Where is your father?2. how家族（看你学完晕不晕，嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿）how如何，怎样How are you?how many多少，对可数名词进行提问How many people are there in your family?how much多少，对不可数名词进行提问How much sugar do you want?how long多长，对时间和长度进行提问How long is your summer holiday?How long is that rope?how soon多久之后，对将来的一段时间进行提问-How soon will you lea

41、ve Beijing?-In two dayshow often多久一次，对频率进行提问How often do you go to your grandfathers?how far多远，对距离进行提问How far is it from your school to the post office?Exercise 31. -_schoolbag is this? -I guess its Lilys. A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Which2. -_ are you?. -Here, in the reading room. A. whereB. howC. what

42、D. which3. -_is good at swimming in your class? -Kate. A. WhichB. WhatC. WhoD. Whose4. -Oh, _new bike is over there? Its so nice! -Mm. , Lily told me that she bought a bike yesterday. Maybe its hers A. whoseB. whatC. whoD. which5. -_do you want to be when you grow up? -A teacher. Because I love chil

43、dren very much. A. WhatB. WhyC. HowD. When6. -_are they talking about? -The coming Fathers Day. A. WhatB. WhoC. WhyD. How7. -_is it from your home to the bookstore? -About 10 minutes ride. A. How farB. How muchC. How oftenD. How soon8. -Please call me when you are free. -OK. But_ is your telephone n

44、umber? A. whatB. howC. whoD. when9. -_do you go to Beijing Happy Valley? -Once a year. A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How soon10. -_have you been here? -About two years. A. How muchB. How manyC. How longD. How far代词（三）我要赶快学1. 什么是不定代词？不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。如：some, every, many等。2. one/another/

45、the other(1)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。Eg：I have two hands. One is left hand, and the other is right hand.(2) 泛指另一个用another。Eg: This kind of cake is very delicious. I want another. Exercise 11.Robert has gone to _ city and hell be back in a week.A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. any other2. What

46、 do your parents do?- One is a teacher；_ is a driver.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. that one3. other家族(1) other 泛指别的,后面必须接名词。Eg: I have to go now. I have other things to do.(2 ) others 泛指别的，后面不能加名词，常用句式：some, others, others。Eg: We should care about others instead of only ourselves. There are many

47、people in the park. Some are singing, others are dancing, and others are doing morning exercise.(3) the other 两者中的另一个，常用句式：onethe otherHe has two brothers. One is 18 and the other is 15. (4) the others 指剩余的全部，只能指可数名词，指不可数名词应用the rest。常用句式：somethe othersEg: There are 32 students in our class, but the

48、re is only one student in the classroom. The others are on the playground.There are 32 students in our class. Some are in the classroom. The others are on the playground.Exercise 21.- Is this your shoe?- Yes，but where is _?A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD. the others2.Her lecture was hard

49、 to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _.A. the otherB. othersC. the othersD. another3.If you want a double room that will cost _ 15.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others4.He was holding the wheel with one hand and waving with _.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. the others4. both,

50、 either, neither, all, any, none使用范围单词中文释义例句 两个人或物both两者都Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。either两者中任何一个Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。neither两者都不Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。 三者以上all所有的，全部All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。any任何一个I don't like any of the flowers.这些花我都

51、不喜欢。none都不I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意：(1) both与复数连用，either与单数连用。 (2) all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。如：All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那里。All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那里。Exercise 31._ like music.A. Both of themB. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them2._ of the teachers

52、 are ok in our school.A. everyB. eachC. eitherD. all3.Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee? I dont mind. _is ok.A. EitherB. NeitherC. AnyD. Both4.On _ side of the river therere many tall trees.A. everyB. allC. bothD. each5.The old man has two sons, but _ of them lives with him.A. bothB. noneC. n

53、eitherD. all6.When shall we meet again? _day is OK.A. eitherB. neitherC. noneD. any7.Which of the two books will you buy? Ill buy _, so I can give one to Joe.A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both5. some, anysome 一些，可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。(1)在肯定句中用some。(2)some肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would you like句式中，表

54、委婉请求或建议。 Would you like some coffee?any 一些any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有“任何”的意思时，any可用于肯定句。如：Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。Exercise 41.-Would you like _ coffee?-Yes, Id like _.A. any, anyB. some, someC. some, anyD. any, some2.There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me

55、?A. any, anyB. any, someC. much, manyD. many, much3.There isnt _ water in the cup.A. anyB. manyC. someD. the6. few, little, a few, a little可数名词不可数名词含义Fewlittle否定含义，没有多少了a fewa little肯定含义，还有一点例如： He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is

56、little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。Exercise 51.He is not a kind- hearted man, _ people can get on well with him.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little2.Though they had cleaned the door, there was still _ water on it.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few3.We have _ sugar. Really? Lets go and buy some.A. fewB. a f

57、ewC. littleD. a little4.There is _ meat at home. Would you please go and buy_?A. some, a littleB. a little, anyC. little, someD. little, any5.What do you usually have for breakfast? _ milk and _ eggs.A. Little, a littleB. A few, fewC. A little, a fewD. A few, a little6.I bought _ exercise books with

58、 _ money.A. a few, a fewB. a few, a littleC. a little, a fewD. a little, a little7.Would you like some tea? Yes, just _.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little bit7. Many，much单词“许多”区别例句Many+可数名词How many people are there at the meeting?Much+不可数名词How much time has we left?many，much前可有so, too, how等词进行修饰。如：T

59、here are too many mistakes in your diary.So many people are waiting for the bus.Sorry, Im afraid I cant go with you. Ive got too much work to do.短语区别例句too much “太多”，后加不可数名词There is too much noise here.much too“太”，相当于too，后加形容词 He is much too fat.Exercise 61.He cant hear you, because there is _noise here.A. very muchB. too muchC. much tooD. so many2.The farmer is busy because hes so _sheep to keep and so _work to do.A. much,