【高考复习】2018年江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解：第二步真题演练二语篇解读

1、真题演练(二)2016江苏Ae-Learning:AnAlternativeLearningOpportunityDaySchoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative,relevantandinteractiv

2、elearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation.Theseon-linecourses：山aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers;由arepartoftheTDSBstudent'stimetable;and,i/appearonthestudent;sreportuponcompletion.Benefitsofe-LearningInclude:由accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableat

3、hisorherTDSBschool;山usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation;and,Uassistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.Ise-LearningforYou?Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually:abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;'capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhon

4、estmanner；and,Iabletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess.Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。多伦多公立教育局邀请中学生选修一两门在线课程。文章介绍了在线课程的基本情况、优势及选课要求。56. E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.A.

5、theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachersB.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetableC. theyarenotincludedonstudents'reportsD. theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses答案D解析细节理解题。由Theseon-linecourses下的内容可知A、B、C三项表述均不正确；根据Benefitsofe-Learning下的第条“accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool”可知，这些在线课程在TDSB课程中可能学不到，它

6、们是对TDSB课程的补充。故选D项。57. Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses?A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.C. Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.D. Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据Ise-Learningforyou下的aStudentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecou

7、rseareusually.capableofworkingindependently."可知，学生需要独立完成作业，与B项相符。BChimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothers

8、regularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom-h

9、ejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexp

10、erimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoung

11、agebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanch

12、ildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungch

13、ildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we",agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过实验对比了黑猩猩与人类在相互帮助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私，而人却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。58. Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'

14、;interests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C. Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors'food.D. Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少关心其他的黑猩猩，比如第二段中的例子：随意吃邻居盘子里的食物，根本不关心邻居是否有东西吃，再结合第二段最后一句“Chimpsaretrulyselfish.”,可知与A项说法一致。59. MichaelTomasello'stestsonyoungchildre

15、nindicatethattheyA.havetheinstincttohelpothersB.knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC. knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD. trustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers.”可知，人类的孩子有帮助他人的本能。60. Thepassageismainlyabo

16、ut.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionalityC. cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD. thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，通过实验，发现黑猩猩没有相互帮助的本能，非常自私，而人类却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。故C项为最佳答案。CElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedby

17、SouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweather

18、effects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby与15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinr

19、ichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-9

20、8,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth336billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadv

21、ance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Stronge

22、rbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffectsandthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswoul

23、datleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。61. WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmerica

24、nfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C. ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D. Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"曰Ni?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwards

25、weaken,orsometimestheotherwayround."可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化。62. WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C. Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D. Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.答案

26、C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺现象得到的东西要比它们失去的多。63. ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC. victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD. recoveryandrecon

27、structionshouldcomefirst答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的".howeverJust12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance.”可知以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。64. Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B.Toexplaintheconsequencesof曰Ni?o.

28、C. ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D. TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.答案D解析写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的"helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk.”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。DNotsolongago,mostpeopledidn'tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasju

29、stanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive

30、,butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearslateratJamaica;sOlympictrialsinearly2008,Shelly-Ann,whoa

31、tthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica;sunchallengedqueenofthesprint（短跑）.“Wheredidshecomefrom?”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShelly-Annwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-

32、hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73thefourthfastesttimeever.Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigs

33、mile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica;stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse,whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment,sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse,on

34、eofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly-Ann'sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn'thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecoul

35、dn'taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.Maxime'searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sr

36、oundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn'ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Theb

37、arefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surroundedbycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButShelly-Ann'svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkc

38、loudaboveoneoftheworld'stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays."Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,"Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofig

39、httomakeitawoman'saswellasaman'sworld.AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision."OneofthethingsShelly-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是牙买加一个短跑名将Shelly-AnnFraster-Pryce从平凡走向

40、卓越，从卓越迈向伟大的历程。在2008年北京奥运会上成功夺金之后，她努力用自己的影响力去改变那个曾经吞噬了无数青少年梦想的贫民窟。65. WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly-Ann?A.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C. Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.D. Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustra

41、ckmeets.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第五句中的"StephenFrancis.wasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.”和第六句中的"hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout."可知，StephenFrancis教练感受到了她的巨大潜力。66. WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly-Annbeforethe2008OlympicGames?A.Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar.B.She

42、badlyneededtosethighergoals.C. Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D. Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的".sprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.”可判断出，短跑界认为她的短跑生涯不会持续很长时间。67. WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B.HerinterestinShelly-Ann'squickprofit.C. HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty