programme eight （下册终）

1、LOGOBusiness Logistics Programme EightContentsCompany Logo Programme Content1 Programme Objective2 Warming up 3 Passage One4Passage Two5Contents1234read about a passage on knowledge on logistics functionsread about a passage on Fourth Party Logisticslearn the common expressions on business logistics

2、learn inventory management and identification of the logistics providersProgrammeProgramme contentcontent Objective1234talk about cargo checking and cargo storagetalk about making delivery and logistics costnegotiate on business logistics clauses in the business activitiescommunicate with foreign bu

3、siness partners on the matters of logisticsProgrammeProgramme objectiveobjectiveWarm-upvChallenge YourselfChallenge YourselfCan you tell us the Chinese meaning of the following Can you tell us the Chinese meaning of the following words immediately?words immediately?(5) option (1) advisor (3) approac

4、h(4) present (2) layout (6) component(7) distribution (8) recommendation(9) warehouse (10) contradict Warm-upvShort Survey Short Survey Have you got some idea of the following terms before Have you got some idea of the following terms before reading the passage?reading the passage?Company Logo(4) lo

5、gistical packaging (5) Fourth-party logistics (3) warehousing (1) supply chain (2) inventory management Passage One：On Logistics Functions Logistics is a process of movement of goods across the supply chain of the company. However, this process consists of various functions, which have to be properl

6、y managed to bring effectiveness and efficiency in the supply chain of the organization. Order processing Order processing is an important task in logistics operations. The order processing activity consists of the following steps: Order checking for any deviations in agreed or negotiated terms* Pri

7、ces, payment and delivery terms* Checking the availability of materials in stocks* Production and material scheduling for shortages* Acknowledging the order, indicating deviations if any Inventory management Inventory management is maintaining the requisite inventory stocks to meet customer requirem

8、ents while simultaneously ensuring that its carrying cost is as low as possible. It basically means striking a balance, in customer service, between not losing market opportunity and the cost to meet the same. There are two approaches to the inventory management, one is cost approach and the other i

9、s customer satisfaction. Business firms try to strike a balance between the two. Warehousing The warehouse is the storage place wherein the finished goods are stored till they are sold. It plays a vital role in the logisticsoperations of a firm. The effectiveness of an organizations marketing strate

10、gy depends on making the right decision regarding warehousing. In todays context, warehouses are treated as switching facilities rather than storage places. Warehousing is a key decision area in logistics. The major decisions in warehousing are as follows:* location of warehousing facilities* number

11、 of warehouses* size of the warehouse* warehouse layout* design of the building* ownership of the warehouse Transportation For movements of goods from the supplier to the buyer, transportation is the most fundamental and important component of logistics. The physical movement of goods is through var

12、ious transportation modes. For low unit value products the transportation cost component is 20 percent of the product cost. In logistics costs its share varies up to 65-70 percent in case of mass consumed very low unit priced products. Material handling and storage system The speed of inventory move

13、ment across the supply chain depends on the material handling methods. Mechanization and automation in material handling enhances the logistics system productivity. The choice of storage system is important in maximizing space utilization (floor or cubic) in the warehouse. The material handling syst

14、em should support the storage system for speedy movement (storage and retrieval) of goods in and out of the warehouse. Logistical packaging Logistical or industrial packaging is a critical element in the physical distribution of the product, which influences the efficiency of the logistical system.

15、It differs from product packaging, which is based on marketing objectives. However, logistical packaging plays an important role in damage protection, ease of material handling, and storage space economy. The unitization of load has a major bearing on logistical packaging with regard to packaging co

16、sts. Information Logistics is basically an information based activity of inventory movement across the supply chain. Hence, the role of the information system plays a vital role in delivering superior customer service. The use of IT tools for information identification, access, storage, analysis, re

17、trieval, and decision support in logistics is helping business firms to enhance their competitiveness. (1) supply chain 供应链供应链 (2) consist of 由由组成，包括组成，包括 (3) function v. 起作用；运转起作用；运转 (4) efficiency n. 能力；效力；效能能力；效力；效能 (5) process n. 程序；过程；工艺流程程序；过程；工艺流程 (6) deviation n. 偏差，偏向偏差，偏向 (7) availability

18、n. 可得性可得性 (8) inventory n. 详细目录，清单详细目录，清单 (9) requisite adj. 需要的，必要的需要的，必要的 (10) simultaneously adv. 同时地同时地 (11) strike a balance 找到折中办法找到折中办法 (12) approach n. 方法，手段；接近方法，手段；接近 (13) warehouse n. 仓库，货栈仓库，货栈 (14) wherein adv. 在那里，其中在那里，其中 (15) regarding prep. 对于；关于；至于对于；关于；至于 (16) facility n. 容易学好或做好某

19、物的能力容易学好或做好某物的能力 (17) layout n. 设计，布局设计，布局 (18) ownership n. 物主的身份，所有权物主的身份，所有权 (19) fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的基本的，根本的 (20) component n. 组成部分，成分组成部分，成分 (21) automation n. 自动化自动化 (22) utilization n. 利用，应用利用，应用 (23) distribution n. 分发，分配，分送分发，分配，分送 (24) unitization n. 单元化，联合单元化，联合 (25) retrieval n. 检索，恢

20、复检索，恢复 Words & Expressions(1) Logistics is a process of movement of goods across the supply chain of the company.物流是商品在公司供应链间的流动过程。物流是商品在公司供应链间的流动过程。 其中，术语其中，术语 supply chain 的意思是的意思是“供应链供应链”，例如，例如，Extranet links between suppliers and buyers can give electronic commerce a big boost by improving s

21、upply chain management.（供应商和买方之间的内扩网连接通过改进（供应商和买方之间的内扩网连接通过改进供应链管理大大促进了电子商务的发展。）供应链管理大大促进了电子商务的发展。）Notes(2) However, this process consists of various functions, which have to be properly managed to bring effectiveness and efficiency in the supply chain of the organization. 然而，这个过程包括了许多功能，这就需要进行有效管理然

22、而，这个过程包括了许多功能，这就需要进行有效管理以便提升公司供应链的效率。以便提升公司供应链的效率。 其中，短语其中，短语 consist of的意思是的意思是“由由组成，包括组成，包括”，例如，例如，The entire world consists of matter.（整个世界都是由（整个世界都是由物质组成的。）又如，物质组成的。）又如，Time just consists of the relation of before and after among events.（时间形成了事件前后发生的（时间形成了事件前后发生的关系。）另外，在这个句中，关系。）另外，在这个句中，which引导

23、的是非限定性定语引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰限定前面的先行词从句，修饰限定前面的先行词 functions。(3) Inventory management is maintaining the requisite inventory stocks to meet customer requirements while simultaneously ensuring that its carrying cost is as low as possible. 库存管理是要保留必要的库存存货来满足顾客要求，然而，同时还库存管理是要保留必要的库存存货来满足顾客要求，然而，同时还要确保储囤成本尽可能

24、低。要确保储囤成本尽可能低。 其中，术语其中，术语 inventory management的意思是的意思是“存货管理，库存存货管理，库存管理管理”，例如，例如，The operating problems of distribution systems are centered in inventory management.（分配系统的业务问题集中于库（分配系统的业务问题集中于库存管理。）单词存管理。）单词 requisite作为形容词的意思是作为形容词的意思是“需要的，必要的需要的，必要的”，作为名词的意思是作为名词的意思是“必需品；要素，要件必需品；要素，要件”，例如，例如，An un

25、derstanding of accounting techniques is a major requisite for the work of the analysts.（懂得会计知识是从事分析员工作的一个必要（懂得会计知识是从事分析员工作的一个必要条件。）术语条件。）术语 carrying cost的意思是的意思是“储囤成本，财产维持费储囤成本，财产维持费”。(4) The warehouse is the storage place wherein the finished goods are stored till they are sold. 仓库是商品成品在出售前存储的地方。仓库

26、是商品成品在出售前存储的地方。 其中，单词其中，单词 warehouse作为名词的意思是作为名词的意思是“仓库，货栈仓库，货栈”，例，例如，如，The trucks waited at the warehouse to pick up their loads.（货车（货车在仓库等着装载货物。）作为动词的意思是在仓库等着装载货物。）作为动词的意思是“将将存入货仓存入货仓”，例如，例如，The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.（经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。）又如，（经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。）又如，Ho

27、w much will you have to pay the warehouse for storage?（你得付多少仓库保管（你得付多少仓库保管费？）副词费？）副词wherein的意思是的意思是“在那里，其中在那里，其中”，a riding school wherein we could learn the art of horsemanship.（一所我们可以在那（一所我们可以在那里学习马术的骑术学校）又如，里学习马术的骑术学校）又如，This is a period wherein he produced no works of importance.（这是他没有写出重要著作的一（这是

28、他没有写出重要著作的一个时期。）个时期。）Business LinkOn Inventory Management Inventory is a large and costly investment. Better management of firm inventories can improve cash flow and return on investment. The inventory requirements of a firm depend on the network structure and the desired level of customer service.

29、Theoretically, a firm could stock every item sold in a facility dedicated to serve each customer. Few business operations could afford such a large inventory commitment because the risk and total cost would be prohibitive. The objective is to achieve the desired customer service with the minimum inv

30、entory, consistent with lowest total cost. Inventory is held throughout the supply chain to act as a buffer for the following critical interfaces: supplies-production, procurement-production, production-marketing, marketing- distribution, distribution-intermediary, and intermediary-consumer/user. In

31、ventory management is risky, and the risk varies depending on a firms position in the distribution channel. The typical measures of inventory commitment are time duration, depth, and width of commitment. For a manufacturer, inventory risk is long term. The manufacturers inventory commitment starts w

32、ith raw material and component parts, includes work-in-process, and ends with finished goods. A wholesaler purchases large quantities from manufacturers and sells smaller quantities to retailers. When products are seasonal, the wholesaler may be required to take an inventory position in advance of t

33、he selling season, thus in creasing depth and duration of risk. For a retailer, inventory management is about buying and selling speed. The retailer purchases a wide variety of products and assumes a substantial risk in the marketing process. Retailer inventory risk can be viewed as wide but not dee

34、p.After readingAfter reading1. Logistics is a process of movement of goods across the _ of the company.A. market chain B. offer chain C. demand chain D. supply chainRead and think Read and think Task 1: After the passage, you will find 5 questions. For each question Task 1: After the passage, you wi

35、ll find 5 questions. For each question there are 4 choices marked Athere are 4 choices marked A、B B、C and D. You should make the C and D. You should make the correct choice.correct choice.After reading2. The order processing activity consists of the following steps except _A. Prices, payment and del

36、ivery termsB. Checking the availability of materials in stocks C. Production and material scheduling for offerD. Acknowledging the order, indicating deviations if any3. Which is the approach in the inventory management?A. cost approach B. customer satisfaction C. both of them D. none of themAfter re

37、ading4. What are the major decisions in warehousing?A. location of warehousing facilities B. number and size of the warehouse C. layout and design of the warehouse D. all of them5. Which is not the function of logistics?A. inventory management and transportation B. material acquirements and storage

38、systemC. order processing and warehousingD. logistical packaging and information After readingTask 2: Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given in Task 2: Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given in the box. Change the form if necessary.the box. Change the form if necess

39、ary.warehouselayoutownership wherein component fundamentalrequisite distributionavailability simultaneouslyAfter reading1. Fresh air is _ to good health. 2. Let me see if there is any _. 3. The robbers studied the _ of the bank.4. Surprise is an essential _ of my plan. 5. The _ of the land is disput

40、ed. After reading6. Have you the _ visa to enter Canada? 7. She knew _ her gross defects lay. 8. The country was noted for its uneven _ of land resources. 9. The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs _. 10. Their furniture will stay in the _ until they have paid the storage fee.

41、After readingRead and TranslateAfter readingTask 1: Translate the following phrases into English. 1.1.建筑物内房间的布局建筑物内房间的布局 2.2.奖品的分发奖品的分发 3.3.相机的部件相机的部件 4.4.仓储费仓储费5.5.找到折中办法，妥协找到折中办法，妥协 6.6.语言教学的新方法语言教学的新方法 7.7.应急食物配给应急食物配给 8.8.从事基础性研究从事基础性研究 9.9.支付仓库保管费支付仓库保管费 10.10.由十九章组成由十九章组成After readingTask 2: T

42、ranslate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Hard work is fundamental to success. 2. The committee consists of ten members. 3. His approaches to the problem are wrong. 4. It was difficult to strike the right balance between justice and expediency. 5. The conference discussed the fair distributi

43、on of income and wealth. After readingRead and speakAfter reading1. What is the definition of logistics?2. How many steps does the order processing consist of? What are they?3. What are the major decisions in warehousing?Task 1: Discuss the following questions with your partner after reading the pas

44、sage.After reading Logistics is a process of movement of goods across the supply chain of the company. However, this process consists of various functions, which have to be properly managed to bring effectiveness and efficiency in the supply chain of the organization. Logistical or industrial packag

45、ing is a critical element in the physical distribution of the product, which influences the efficiency of the logistical system. It differs from product packaging, which is based on marketing objectives. However, logistical packaging plays an important role in damage protection, ease of material han

46、dling, and storage space economy. The unitization of load has a major bearing on logistical packaging with regard to packaging costs.Task 2: Recite the following paragraph. Company LogoPassage TwoFourth Party LogisticsQuestions1. Have you ever heard of Fourth Party Logistics?2. What are the main dif

47、ferences between 3PL and 4PL? A Fourth-party logistics provider (abbreviated 4PL), lead logistics provider, or 4th Party Logistics provider, is a consulting firm specialized in logistics, transportation, and supply chain management. A fourth-party logistics provider is an independent, singularly acc

48、ountable, non-asset based integrator of a clients supply and demand chains. The term 4PL is generally considered to have been introduced by Accenture, which registered it as a trademark in 1996. Accenture described the 4PL as an “integrator that assembles the resources, capabilities, and technology

49、of its own organization and other organizations to design, supply chain solutions”. The trademark was later abandoned, and the term has become a part of the public domain. Nowadays advisors, consultants, software companies and even 3PLs lay claim to being a 4PL. This is because any company advising

50、acustomer on logistics, transportation, and supply chain matters feels it may somehow claim to be a 4PL. This is effectively the case only when the principle of neutrality is respected, and that any conflict of interest is avoided. A fourth-party logistics provider must also offer services consideri

51、ng a 360 degree view, which is not focused on its ability to implement the recommendations it gives, but on all the options available in the market. As such an IT consulting firm specialized in WMS (Warehouse Management Systems), which is objectively considering all the various WMS present in the ma

52、rket is a 4PL. It may obviously not represent any WMS brand or any software company, otherwise the concept of neutrality is broken, and it leads to conflict of interest. Similarly a non-asset based consulting firm specialized in logistics, transportation, and supply chain management may claim it is

53、a 4PL. This is effectively the case if it does not own warehouses, logistics platforms, vans, trucks, ships, barges, planes, a freight forwarder, or a courier company, otherwise it would lead to conflict of interest. It has been sometimes argued that a 4PL is the same thing as a “non-asset based 3PL

54、”. This is not the case. Considering that probably 90% of the worlds 3PL are “non-asset based”, they nevertheless generate revenues & profits from their “non-asset based” activities. As such a 3PL cannot be a 4PL in the same time, as this would lead to conflict of interest. Indeed it would then

55、have a tendency to recommend to customers its “non-asset based” operation as the best possible option. The best examples of fourth-part logistics providers are “non-asset based” consulting firms exclusively specialized in logistics, transportation, and supply chain management such as SCMO, BMT Limit

56、ed, MVA Consulting, TTR, Intermodality, CPCS, and 3t-Europe, which offer complete ranges of services, from strategy to implementation. Others are more generalist consulting firms such as the Big Four auditors, respectively Deloitte, Pricewaterhouse Coopers, Capgemini, Ernst & Young, and KPMG, as

57、 well as Accenture, Arup, Atkins (company), Mott MacDonald, Parsons Brinckerhoff, and AECOM.Other firms such as McKinsey & Company, Bain & Company, A.T. Kearney, the Boston Consulting Group, and Booz & Company, may also play the role of 4PL with a different value proposition, and are con

58、sidered to be “pure strategy” firms only. A 4PL is a consultant, and cannot be an operator. This is to respect the principle of neutrality. However, a 3PL is an operator, which specializes in integrated operation, warehousing and transportation services. These services may be 100% outsourced, as in

59、the case of “non-asset based 3PL”. It is then a pure 3PL. It may also own part of its operations, such as warehouses, vans, or trucks. It then is both a 3PL and a 2PL, but is usually still called a 3PL. It can also offer genuine supply chain consulting services outside of its usual range of services

60、. It is then both a 3PL and a 4PL, but is usually still called a 3PL. It is important to differentiate 3PL, which actually deliver supply chain consulting services outside of their usual range of integrated operations, from 3PL which use the term consulting or 4PL abusively, as a marketing tool only. Some 3PL currently go as fa