Unlocking the Climate Puzzle

1、 冰河世纪，在地质历史上曾经出现过气候寒冷的冰河世纪，在地质历史上曾经出现过气候寒冷的大规模冰川活动的时期，称为大规模冰川活动的时期，称为冰期冰期（iceage）。）。这种冰期曾经有过三次，即前寒武晚期、石炭这种冰期曾经有过三次，即前寒武晚期、石炭二叠纪和二叠纪和第四纪第四纪。第四纪冰期第四纪冰期的遗迹最多，如的遗迹最多，如斯斯堪的纳维亚半岛堪的纳维亚半岛的峡湾，北欧、中欧、北美众多的峡湾，北欧、中欧、北美众多的冰碛残丘，的冰碛残丘，阿尔卑斯山阿尔卑斯山的的U型谷和陡峭的山峰，型谷和陡峭的山峰，法国和瑞士交界处侏罗山巨大的冰漂砾等，都是法国和瑞士交界处侏罗山巨大的冰漂砾等，都是第四纪冰川作用第

2、四纪冰川作用留下的产物。留下的产物。 大冰期的时间尺度大冰期的时间尺度达达107108年。大冰期内又有多次大幅度的气候年。大冰期内又有多次大幅度的气候冷暖交替和冰盖规模的扩展或退缩时期，这种扩冷暖交替和冰盖规模的扩展或退缩时期，这种扩展和退缩时期即为冰期和间冰期。展和退缩时期即为冰期和间冰期。Prefix Flu,Fluc,Flux-flow Air,water, molasses, and milk are all fluids.空气，水，糖蜜及牛奶都是液体。 During November, the military situation situation remained fluid,

3、with advances and retreats by both sides.十一月份的时候，战况不大稳定，双方皆有前进及后退。 When prices are in a state of flux, many buyers delay purchases until conditions are more settled.物价波动时，许多购买者皆延迟采购，直到状况稳定一点为止。 The discovery of gold in California in 1848 caused a large influx of settles from the East.加州在1848年发现黄金以后，

4、引来大批东部移民的流入。 Recently the price of a pound of tomatoes has fluctuated from a high of 45 cents to low of 2 cents.近来一磅蕃茄的价格在最高价四十五分与最低价二十九分之间波动者。 Do you have to grope for words, or are you a fluent speaker?你得思考如何用字，还是你是一位流利的演说者。 fluctuate vi If something fluctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular wa

5、y. 变动;波动;上下浮动 Prices fluctuate from year to year. 物价年年波动。 Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill. 人患病后体温可能会上下波动。 The actual cost may fluctuate above and below that standard. 实际成本可在标准成本的上下范围内增减。 fluctuation n. Dont worry about tiny fluctuations in your weight. 不要为体重的细微变化担心。 The calculations do

6、 not take into account any fluctuation in the share price. 这些计算没有考虑到股价的波动。 Imperil v. Something that imperils you puts you in danger. 使陷于危险使陷于危险;危及危及 You imperilled the lives of other road users by your driving. 你的驾驶危及了其他路人的生命安全。 (synonym) peril, endanger, adj. perilous, dangerous, risky, ecological

7、 niche Noun(ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species) synonym： niche 1.生态位 2.生物的生境及其作用。E.g. Each animal has its ecological niche. 每种动物都有自己的生态位。 Global climate depends on combinations of factors ineracting in subtle and complex ways

8、that we do not yet fully understand. 全球气候受到很多因素的影响，这些因素之间以微妙和复杂的方式相互影响，而我们对此还不完全了解。 It is possible that the warming observed during this century may have resulted from natural variation, even though the increase has been much more rapid than what the planet has witnessed over the past hundred centur

9、ies. 自然多样性可能是导致本世纪已观测到的气候变暖的原因，尽管其变暖速度比这个星球在过去几个世纪以来所经历的要快得多。 Witness N见证人见证人;目击者目击者 1. A witness to an event such as an accident or crime is a person who saw it. Witnesses to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster. 空难目击者称，就在灾难发生之前他们看见飞机发生了爆炸。 2. VERB 目睹目睹 If you witness someth

10、ing, you see it happen. Anyone who witnessed the attack should call the police. 目睹这次袭击的人都应向警方报告。 It was the quickest swimming lesson Id ever witnessed. 这是我所见过的最速成的游泳课。 3. 见证，经历见证，经历(事件、变化等事件、变化等) If you say that a place, period of time, or person witnessed a particular event or change, you mean that

11、 it happened in that place, during that period of time, or while that person was alive. India has witnessed many political changes in recent years. 印度近年来经历了很多政治变动。 At present, we are witnessing another building boom. 当前，我们又一次处于建筑繁荣期。 Ambiguous adj. If you describe something as ambiguous, you mean th

12、at it is unclear or confusing because it can be understood in more than one way. 含糊不清的含糊不清的;不明确的不明确的;模棱两可的模棱两可的 E.g. This agreement is very ambiguous and open to various interpretations. 这份协议非常含糊，可以有多种解释。 The Foreign Secretarys remarks clarify an ambiguous statement issued earlier this week. 外交大臣的话对

13、本周较早时候发表的一份模棱两可的声明作出了澄清。 Ambiguity n. Mortgage N-COUNT 可数名词可数名词 1. A mortgage is a loan of money which you get from a bank or building society in order to buy a house. 房屋抵房屋抵押贷款押贷款 .an increase in mortgage rates. 房屋抵押贷款利率的提高 2. VERB 动词动词 抵押抵押(房屋、土地房屋、土地)借款借款 If you mortgage your house or land, you u

14、se it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them. They had to mortgage their home to pay the bills. 他们不得不抵押房屋借贷来支付这些款项。 .mortgaged homes. 按揭房 Marine Adj 1. is used to describe things relating to the sea or to the animals and plants that live in the sea. 海洋的海洋的;海生的海生的;海海产的产的 Marin

15、e .breeding grounds for marine life. 海洋生物的繁殖地 .research in marine biology. 海洋生物学研究 3. Adj Marine is used to describe things relating to ships and their movement at sea. 海船的海船的;海运的海运的;海事的海事的 .a solicitor specialising in marine law. 专攻海事法的律师 .marine insurance claims. 海事保险索赔 Potent adj. Something that

16、is potent is very effective and powerful. 很有效的；强有力的 The drug is extremely potent, but causes unpleasant side effects. 这种药药效极强，但会产生不良的副作用。 mighty strong forceful powerful Combustion-burning 词根：词根：bust 表示燃烧 同根词 n. combustion燃烧 (combust v.消耗消耗, 燃烧燃烧+ion动动作或状态作或状态n.燃烧燃烧) v. combust消耗, 燃烧 (com共同共同+bust燃烧

17、燃烧v.消耗消耗, 燃烧燃烧) be to blame是应受到责备、谴责、指责、怪罪，应负责任的意思，在这个短语里to为介词，blame为名词，是责备、指责，责任的意思。 blame的两个意思,一个是表示主动的指责某人,一个是含有被动含义的应负责任 Who is blamed for starting the fire 谁被指责? Who is to blame for starting the fire 谁应负责? He is to blame for the accident. 他应在事故中负责. 1. The mother didnt know_to blame for the brok

18、en glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what 2. I feel it is your husband who_for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame A A blame 做动词的用法 1. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事。如: Many children are afraid of be

19、ing blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。 He blamed his teachers for his failure.他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。 His companion, blamed for the accident, had not been driving carefully.他的同伴没有谨慎驾驶,应对事故负责。 2. blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人。 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careles

20、s driving. 警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。 She blamed the failure of their marriage on him. 她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。 3. be to blame (for)应(为)承担责任;该(为)受责备。注意此处不能用被动语态。 如: The children were not to blame for the accident. 那次事故怪不着孩子们。 He is more to blame than you. 是他更应受责备,而不是你。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾该由谁负责

21、? I am in no way to blame. 决不该责备我。 blame用作名词时,常用于下列搭配: 1. accept/ bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任。 如: You must bear the blame for the accident. 你必须承担造成这次事故的责任。 We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们愿对所发生的事负责。 2. put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人。 如: Shell put the blame o

22、n us if it turns out badly. 如果结果糟糕,她将会怪罪于我们。 He is trying to lay the blame on me. 他企图把责任推给我。 If CQ2 emission increases are to blame for global warming, skeptics say, then temperatures should have raisen appreciably during the postwar economic boom, when fossil fuels were burned in escalating quantit

23、y. 怀疑者认为，如果二氧化碳是导致全球变暖的罪魁祸首，那么随着战后经济的繁荣，大量的化石燃料燃烧后，气温应该一直不断的增高。 Appreciably An appreciable amount or effect is large enough to be important or clearly noticed. 可觉察的；相当大的；明显的可觉察的；相当大的；明显的 This has not had an appreciable effect on production. 此事未对生产造成显著影响。account for v.对负有责任；对做出解释；说明的原因 1. be the reason or explanation for 2. give reasons for How do you account for this. 你对这件事怎么解释? How do you account for the accident? 你怎么解释那场事故? Jack could not account for his foolish mistake. 杰克无法解释自己的愚蠢错误。 Latitude 后缀（后缀（suffix）：）：-itude 表名词,性质,状态等 同缀词 n. solitude孤独 (sol单独单独+itude状态状态单独的状态单独的状态孤独孤