常用经济术语中英文对照

1、国民经济、对外经济贸易NATIONALECONOMY,FOREIGNECONOMICRELATIONSANDTRADE经济指标economicindicators社会总产值totalproductofsociety国民生产总值GNP(GrossDomesticProduct)国内生产总值GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)人均国内生产总值GDPpercapita工农业总产值grossoutputvalueofindustryandagriculture国民收入nationalincome购买力平价法purchasingpowerparity财政收入staterevenue社会商品

2、零售总额totalvolumeofretailsales社会零售物价总指数generalretailpriceindex百分点percentagepoints"八五"戈战Uthe8thFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment计戈U经济plannedeconomy统购统销statemonopolyoverpurchaseandmarketing市场经济marketeconomy指令性计戈Umandatoryplan指导性计戈Uguidanceplan市场调节marketregulation建立市场经济、法制、民主

3、监督和廉政"三个机制"establishoperationalmechanismsofmarketeconomy,rulebylaw,democraticsupervisionandincorruptiblegovernment抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stressprioritiesoveragriculture,transportationandenergysupply,educationandscienceandtechnology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimizeindustrialst

4、ructure,ecologicalenvironmentandthequalityofpopulation第一、二、三产业primary,secondaryandtertiaryindustries夕卜向型经济export-orientedeconomy创7匚型企业foreignexchange-earningenterprise劳动密集型laborintensive技术、智力、资本密集型technology,knowledgeorcapitalintensive高附力口值的深力口工down-streamprocessingwithhighadded-value优化资源配置optimizea

5、llocationofresources生产力productiveforces生产资料capitalgoods科研成果产业化industrializationofresearchfindings火炬计划TorchPlan技术入股technologyappraisedascapitalstock风险投资ventureinvestment/capital固定资产投资investmentinfixedassets技术转让technologytransfer可行性研究feasibilitystudy意向书letterofintent投资环境investmentenvironment跨国公司transn

6、ationalcoorporation基础设施infrastructure20年基本实现现代化basicallyachievemodernizationin20years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serveasamediumforintroducingadvancedtechnologies,managerialexpertiseandqualifiedprofessionalsfromoutside.招商attractinvestment招商项目projectproposalsforinvestment同国际惯例接轨followtheinternationalcodesofprac

7、tice；bringinlinewiththeinternationalusage加大改革力度intensifyreforms条龙服务onepackageservice支笔审批one-chopapproval我们两市的经济互补性很强。Toagreatextent,theeconomiesbetweenouttwocitiesarecomplementarytoeachother.平等互禾U,互通有无equalityandmutualbenefit,andtradingofneededgoods夕卜弓I内联actasanintermediaryforintroducingforeigncapit

8、alandestablishingdomesticconnections保持发展后劲bringaboutasustainabledevelopment；sustainmomentumofdevelopment经济实力economiccapabilities龙头pacemaker；leadingrole三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平）"threeconnectionsandoneleveling"assuringthataconstructionsiteisconnectedtowaterandelectricpowersuppliesandroads,andthat

9、thegroundisleveledbeforeaprojectisbegun.瓶颈bottleneck以工养农useindustrialincometofinanceagriculture以路养路usetollstorepayinvestmentinroadprojects下放审批权delegatetheauthoritytoexamineandapprovetolowerlevels统而不死，活而不舌Lensureaflexiblecontrol良性循环positivecycle国民经济的支柱mainstayofthenationaleconomy格局初步形成Patternhastaken

10、initialshape.理顺企业的产权关系rationalizethepropertyrightsrelationshipsofenterprises政策性亏损policy-relatedloss三角债chaindebts上不封顶，下不保底setnoceilinglimitandgivenominimumguarantee企业"工效挂钩"linktotalpayrollwiththeperformanceofanenterprise生意兴隆/冷淡Businessisbooming/sluggish质量信得过单位qualitytrustworthyorganization批

11、量生产massproduction以销定产limitproductiontomarketability内联企业inlandassociatedenterprises菜篮子工程shippingbasketproject国产化percentageofhome-madeparts配套改革coordinatedreforms配套措施supportingmeasures配套工程auxiliaryproject国内配套资金domesticfunds向基础工业倾斜的政策policyinfavorofbasicindustry升级换代upgradingandupdating看好经济增长thinkhighlyo

12、feconomicgrowth行情看好Favorableprice/marketcanbeexpected.行情看涨/跌anticipatelowermarketprice/risingprice随行就市fluctuateinlinewithmarketconditions片面追求发展速度seekanundulyhighgrowthrate在过渡时期inaperiodoftransition粗放/集约经营extensive/intensiveoperation基础地位leadingposition门类齐全coveringextensivefields存款/贷款余额thebalanceofdep

13、osits/loans夕卜汇储备foreignexchangereserves贸易顺差tradesurplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-establishedmarketandsophisticatedfinancialsystem消灭失业wipeoutunemployment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序cooldowntheover-heatedfuturemarketandrestorefinancialorder紧缩银根tightenthemoneysupply一位数水平onedigitlevel保持双边贸易的平衡balancethetwo-waytrade这次会议为两国进

14、一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。Thismeetinglaidasoundfoundationforthetwocountriestoforgeenduring/lastingandconstant/continuouseconomicties.市场疲软amarketslump库存积压overstockedproducts国家指令性计戈Ustatemandatoryplanning统一定价unifiedpricesetting国家统配物资materialsallocatedbystate货币发放theissueofcurrency规范价格秩序standardizethepriceord

15、er简化流通环节，增力口随机检查simplifycirculationandaddmorerandomchecks市场机制开始发挥调节作用。Themarketmechanismsarebeginningtoplaytheirregulatoryrole.由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。Grainsarepurchasedandsoldbythesamepricebecausecoveredallowancesareturnedintoopenallowance.导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。Animportantfactor(contributingto/re

16、sultingin)substantialpricehikesliesinthegradualliftingofpricescontrolandthestructuraladjustmentofprices.折旧费depreciationcost关系民生的产品productsvitaltothepeople'slivelihood供大于求oversupply供不应求shortsupply经济过热overheatedeconomy抑制炒房地产热stemfrenziedandspeculativetradinginthepropertymarket宏观调控macro-economiccon

17、trol经济杠杆economiclevers产业政策industrialpolicy财政，税收，信贷，禾ll率，7匚率publicfinancing,taxation,credit,interestrate,exchangerate提高经济效益enhanceeconomicperformance/returns社会效益socialeffect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bringaboutsustained,stableandcoordinateddevelopment财政赤字(盈余)budgetdeficit(surplus)夕卜贸出口总额grossforeignexportv

18、alue夕卜商直接投资协议金额contractedforeigndirectinvestment实际禾U用夕卜资foreigninvestmentinactualuse三资企业(中夕卜合资合作、夕卜商独资经营)threekindsofenterpriseswithforeigninvestmentsino-foreignjointventure，contractualjointventure允许夕卜商独资经营allowfullforeignequityoperation优惠条件confessionaltermsfavorableterms减免税收taxreductionandexemption

19、合作方式approachestocooperation出资方式meansofcontributinginvestment合营期限contracttermofajointventure三来补(来料力口工，来件装配，来样力口工)processingandcompensationtrades(processingwithmaterialsorgivensamples,assemblingsuppliedcomponents)贸易伙伴tradepartner转口贸易transittrade外贸顺差foreigntradesurplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验activelyintroducecapital,t