2020北师大版高中英语选择性必修四课文翻译（全册精校）

1、UNIT 10 CONNECTIONSLESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? 我们之间的联系有多紧密？ (P 8-9)Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us. However, perhaps we are c

2、loser to the rest of the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任

3、何人都可通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生人联系起来。The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of soc

4、ial networks.这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了一切皆不同一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically; but after twenty years, they still had not had any success. In 1967, an American sociologist called Stanley

5、Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, which he called the “small-world problem”. He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general

6、 location of the stranger. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to

7、 the correct person. Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年

8、过去了，仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格拉姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小世界问题”。米尔格拉姆在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格拉姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊今日心理学上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。In the last few decades

9、, the theory and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast. For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of a

10、ll the characters were closely connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart. The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the characters had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew

11、, before they were all in the same plane crash. In the mid-1990s, two college students in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links. Soon the game was being played in universities

12、 across the United States.在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片通天塔就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧迷失也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。上世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演员与著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。In 2003, C

13、olumbia University tried to recreate Milgrams experiment on the Internet. This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries. The results confirmed that the average number of linksin the chain was six.2

14、003年，哥伦比亚大学尝试在互联网上重现米尔格拉姆的实验，被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均数量是6个。Most recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or fi

15、ve degrees of separation.最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段(即五度分隔)，就可建立联系。So, think about it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels?所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？LESSON 3 ANNE O

16、F GREEN GABLES 绿山墙的安妮 (P 14-15)Marilla saw Matthew in the front yard and immediately rushed to the door. But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff, ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze in amazement.玛丽拉看见马修到前院了，立刻冲到门口。但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、长着红色长头发、眼

17、睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时，她惊呆了。“Matthew Cuthbert, whos that?” she asked. “Where is the boy?”“马修·卡斯伯特，她是谁？那个男孩子呢？”她问道。“There wasnt any boy,” said Matthew. “There was only her.”“没有男孩子，只有她在那里。”马修答道。He nodded at the child, remembering that he had never even asked her name.他向那孩子点了点头，突然想起自己甚至还没有问过女孩儿的名字。“No boy

18、! But there must have been a boy,” insisted Marilla. “We sent word to Mrs Spencer to bring a boy.”“没有男孩儿！可是一定得有个男孩儿，”玛丽拉坚持说。“我们给斯宾塞太太捎口信要带个男孩子来的呀。”“Well, she didnt. She brought her. She arrived at train station and couldnt be left there alone.”“好吧，她没有。斯宾塞太太只带来了这个孩子。她到了火车站，总不能把她一个人扔在那儿吧。”During this

19、dialogue the child had remained silent. Suddenly she seemed to grasp the full meaning of what had been said. She sprang forward a step and clasped her hands.俩人说话时，这孩子一声不吭。突然，她似乎完全明白了他们说话的意思，冲上前一步，双手紧握。“You dont want me!” the girl cried. “You dont want me because Im not a boy! I might have expected i

20、t. I might have known it was all too beautiful to last. I might have known nobody really did want me. Oh, what am I going to do? Im going to burst into tears!”“你们不想要我！”她大喊道。“你们不想要我，就因为我不是男孩儿！我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。哦，我该怎么办呀？我马上就要哭出来了！”Burst into tears she did. Sitting down on a cha

21、ir by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily. Marilla and Matthew looked at each other. Neither of them knew what to say or do. Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child.她立刻哭了起来。一下坐到桌边的椅子上，扑到桌上，脸埋在臂弯里，放声大哭。玛丽拉和马修面面相觑，都不知道该说什么，也不知道

22、该做点儿什么。最后玛丽拉试着走上前安慰这个孩子。“Well, well, theres no need to cry so about it.”“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”“Yes, there is need!” The child raised her head, revealing a tear-stained face. “You would cry, too, if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didnt wa

23、nt you because you werent a boy.“有，有必要！”那孩子抬起头，露出一张泪痕斑斑的脸。“如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩，你也会哭的。”“Well, dont cry anymore. Were not going to send you off tonight. Youll have to stay here until we investigate this affair. Whats your name?”“好吧，别再哭了。今晚我们不会送你走的。在我们搞清楚这件事之前，你先待在这儿。你叫什么名字？”“A

24、nne,” said the child sadly.“我叫安妮，”孩子悲伤地说。“Well, come along, Anne. Its dinner time.”“好的，来吧，安妮，该吃晚饭了。”They all sat down for dinner but Anne could not eat. She tried to enjoy the bread and butter and the apple jam out of the little glass dish by her plate but she had no appetite.他们都坐下来吃饭，但安妮吃不下。她试着吃点儿面

25、包、黄油和摆在她盘子旁边小玻璃碟里的苹果酱，但一点胃口都没有。“Youre not eating anything,” said Marilla sharply, eying her as if it were a serious problem. Anne sighed.“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。安妮叹了口气。“I cant. Im in the depths of despair. Can you eat when you are in the depths of despair?”“我吃不下。我彻底绝望了。你彻底绝望的时侯还能吃得下东西吗？”“I

26、ve never been in the depths of despair, so I cant say,” responded Marilla.“我从来没有完全绝望的时候，所以没法回答，”玛丽拉回答道。“Werent you? Well, did you ever try to imagine you were in the depths of despair?”“你没有过吗？好吧，那你有没有试着想象自己陷入了绝望的深渊？”“No, I didnt.”“不，没想过。”“I guess shes tired,” said Matthew. “Best put her to bed, Mari

27、lla.”“我想她一定是累了，”马修说。“最好让她去睡觉吧，玛丽拉。”Marilla had been wondering where Anne should be put to bed. She decided on the small bedroom on the first floor. She lit a candle and told Anne to follow her, which Anne did, taking her hat and bag from the hall table as she passed. The hall was perfectly clean; th

28、e little room in which she found herself seemed still cleaner.玛丽拉一直在想应该让安妮睡在哪里，最后决定安排在一楼的小卧室。她点了根蜡烛，叫安妮跟着她。安妮跟了上来，路过大厅时从桌子上拿起自己的帽子和包。大厅非常干净，她发现自己进来的这间小屋似乎更干净。Marilla set the candle on a three-legged table and turned down the bedclothes.玛丽拉把蜡烛放在一张三腿桌上，铺开床褥。“Well, undress as quick as you can and go to

29、 bed. Ill come back in a few minutes for the candle. I darent trust you to put it out yourself. Youd likely set the place on fire.”“好了，赶快脱掉衣服上床睡觉吧。几分钟后我会回来拿蜡烛，我可不放心让你自己吹灭蜡烛，你很可能会放火烧了这个地方。”When Marilla had gone, Anne looked around her sadly. The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare. The floor was

30、 bare, too. In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood. Midway between table and bed was the window, with an icy white curtain over it. There was no restroom, but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner. The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming, which sent a s

31、hiver through Annes bones. With a sob she quickly undressed, put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.玛丽拉走后，安妮悲伤地环顾四周。四周的墙壁粉刷得雪白，什么装饰也没有。地板上也空荡荡的，角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。桌子和床的中间有一扇窗，窗上挂着一块冰白色的窗帘。房间里没有洗手间，但另一个角落有一个带水龙

32、头的洗漱台。整个房间让人感到寒冷而陌生，安妮浑身打了个冷战。她抽泣着，迅速脱下衣服，穿上睡衣，跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头里，拉过棉被蒙住脑袋。When Marilla came up for the light, she saw the untidy way the clothing had been thrown on the floor. She carefully picked up Annes clothes, placed them neatly on a yellow chair, and then, taking up the candle, went over to the bed

33、.玛丽拉回来取蜡烛时，看到安妮的衣服乱七八糟地扔在地上，便仔细地拾起衣服，整齐地放在黄色的椅子上，然后拿起蜡烛，走到床边。“Good night,”she said, a little awkwardly, but not unkindly.“晚安，”她口气有些生硬，但透着一丝温情。Annes white face and big eyes appeared over the bedclothes. “How can you call it a good night when you know it must be the very worst night Ive ever had?” she

34、 said disapprovingly. Then she dived down into the bedclothes again.安妮从被子里露出苍白的脸蛋和大眼睛。“你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚，还说什么晚安呢？”她反驳道。然后又钻进了被子里。To bed went Matthew. And to bed, when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla, frowning most resolutely. And up-stairs, in the east gable, a lonely, heart-hungry, frie

35、ndless child cried herself to sleep.马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。楼上东山墙那边的房间里，一个孤独、心灰意冷、没有朋友的孩子，哭泣着进入了梦乡。UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISELESSON 1 LIVING IN A COMMUNITY 社区生活 (P30-31)Drummer Hits the Road 鼓手走人Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”, had to pack his bags. He moved out of his rent

36、ed flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李，搬出租用的公寓，因为邻居们投诉他扰乱社区的宁静。Being single, Ma Ming often held parties at night, but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night. Ma Mings neighbours said they were being driven mad being exposed t

37、o such noise. The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldnt have rented the flat to him. The neighbours quickly realised they were in trouble when he moved in. And from then on, they rarely got a full nights sleep. They couldnt relax or read a book without plugging their

38、 ears. One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son. 马明是个单身汉，经常在晚上开派对，但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。邻居说他们都快被这样的噪声逼疯了。房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。马明一搬进来，邻居们就意识到麻烦来了。从那以后，他们很少能安安稳稳地睡一整晚。如果不堵住耳朵，他们就不能放松或看书。有个邻居还说，马明对他十几岁的儿子造成了不良影响。In the end, the community council took action. “We took

39、 a vote, and came to a resolution. We gave Ma Ming a warning. We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property,” a council member said. “Getting enough sleep is important for peoples health and, after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action.”最后，居委会采取了行动。一位居委会成员说：“我们投票表决，达

40、成了一项决议。警告马明，告诉他应该停止打鼓，否则就搬走。充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，收到这样的集体投诉，我们不得不采取行动。”Ma Mings departure has pleased his neighbours. “Life will go back to normal now,” they said.马明离开了，邻居都很高兴。“生活终于要恢复正常了，”他们说。For Ma Mings version of the story, we found him in a hotel in Shanghai. Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced aga

41、inst him. Hes bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”. Otherwise he didnt really mind having to leave the flat. “Living in a hotel means the hotel staffmakes the bed every day and I dont have to do my own washing! Anyhow, Im now looking for a remote house on the edge of the

42、city.”我们在上海的一家酒店里找到了马明，想听听他对这个事件的看法。马明觉得邻居对自己有偏见，认为他的音乐是“噪声”，这是他的伤心之处。不过他并不介意离开公寓。“住在旅馆里就意味着每天都有服务员整理床铺，我也不必自己洗衣服！不过，我现在正在城郊找位置稍微偏僻一点的房子。”Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many 洗了“大澡”而被捕的爷爷Eighty-year-old retired tailor, James McKay, spent Saturday night in a cell after hitting 30-year-old Keith

43、 Smith over the head with his walking stick. McKays wife, Laurene said that, while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person, he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often. He could no longer tolerate it.80岁的退休裁缝詹姆斯·迈奇，周六的晚上是在监狱里度过的，因为用拐杖打了30岁的基思&

44、#183;史密斯的头。迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为，他实在是忍无可忍了。Smith lives above the McKays. He is a keen gardener, and also a fish collector. Unfortunately, the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays floor, or too often, on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.史密斯住在迈奇家楼上。他热

45、爱园艺，喜欢养鱼。但不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。“For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we dared not go onto our balcony,” said Laurene. She added that it wasnt only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the

46、 way he cleaned his fish tanks. “Wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers, when suddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish!”劳瑞恩说：“过去两周，自从史密斯搬到楼上，我们都不敢去阳台了。”她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳

47、台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。“我们本来高兴地坐在阳台看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！满身的鱼腥味，怎么也洗不掉！”And on Saturday evening it was just too much. “It was James birthday,” Laurene recalled, “and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry night outside. I made him a birthday cake. The candles were a great sight as

48、 you can imagine, but James didnt get to blow them out.” Instead, Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the McKays and the cake were wet through. “I have never seen him move so fast and I couldnt stop him. He was up there in a flash.”这周六晚上实在是忍无可忍了。劳瑞恩回忆道：“那天是詹姆斯的生日，是个特别美丽的夜

49、晚，可以坐在外面享受夜晚的星空。我给他做了个生日蛋糕，你可以想象点上蜡烛有多么漂亮，可詹姆斯却没能把蜡烛吹灭。”相反，史密斯从阳台上倒掉他的一个大鱼缸的水，将迈奇夫妇和蛋糕都浇透了。“我从没见过他动作那么快，根本没办法阻止，他一下子就冲到楼上去了。”Smith is not going to take things further with the police. He has also promised to change his ways from now on. And what of James McKay? As he left the police station, a large

50、 crowd of supporters sang him “Happy Birthday”. “Definitely the most exciting birthday ever!” said the cheerful old man. The best since my youth, Id say!”史密斯不会让警方进一步追究这件事。他还承诺从现在开始改变他的习惯。而詹姆斯·迈奇呢？他离开警察局时，一大群支持者为他唱起了生日快乐歌。“这绝对是最激动人心的一次生日啦！”老人快乐地说道。“我得说，这是自打年轻以来最棒的一次生日！”LESSON 3 WAR MEMORIES 战争回忆

51、 (P 36-37)Story A _Do Chuc is a 48-year-old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and an aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day. He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians out of their homes. Together with other

52、villagers, they were marched a few hundred metres into the village square where they were told to sit. “Still we had no reason to be afraid,” Chuc remembered. “Everyone was calm. Wed seen it all before.” Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun. The calm ended and panic set i

53、n. The people began weeping and praying. One man showed his identification papers to a soldier, but the American simply said, “Sorry.” Then the shooting started. Chuc was wounded in the leg and almost unconscious, but he was covered by a pile of dead bodies and thus, his life was saved. After waitin

54、g an hour, he fled the village.杜沙是48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和一位姑妈那一天在美莱村被美国士兵杀害。杜沙和家人正在吃早餐，这时美军士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。他们和其他村民一起，被带到几百米外的空地上，然后被要求坐下。“这我们没觉得有什么可怕的。”杜沙回忆道，“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”但他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。平静结束了，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、乞求。一名男子向士兵出示了他的身份证件，但那个美国人只是简单地说了声“对不起”。然后，扫射开始了。杜沙的腿受了伤，几乎不省人事，但他被一堆死尸覆盖，幸存下来。等了一个小时后，他逃

55、离了村子。(Adapted from from My Lai 4 by Seymour Hersh) (改编自西摩·赫什的美莱村四小时)Story B _We were on the frontier and on Christmas morning we stuck up a board displaying: A Merry Christmas” on it. The enemy had stuck up a similar one. Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the tren

56、ch with their hands above their heads as our representatives. Two of the Germans did the same. They greeted each other and shook hands. Then we all got out of the trench. Bill (our officer) tried to prevent it but it was too late, so he and the other officers climbed out, too. We, and the Germans, w

57、alked through the mud and met in the middle of no-mans land. 那时我们在前线。圣诞节早晨我们竖起一块牌子，上面写着“圣诞快乐”。敌人也竖起了一块差不多的牌子。然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。两名德军士兵也这样做了。他们互相打招呼并握手，然后我们所有人都走出战壕。比尔(我们的军官)试图阻止这一切，但为时已晚，因此他和其他军官也都爬了出来。我们和德国人穿过泥泞，在无人地带中间相聚。We spent all day with one another. Some of them could speak En

58、glish. By the look of them, their trenches were in as bad a state as our own. One of their men, speaking in English, said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over. We told him he wasnt the only one who was fed up

59、 with it. The German officer asked Bill if we would like some beer and they brought them over to us. Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot. The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight. 我们一起待了一整天。他们中有些人会说英语。从样子上可以看出，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕