大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总

1、三级语法考占 八、归纳一.虚拟语气1. if句中虚拟形式if 引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）：条件从句主句与现在相反did(be * were)would/should/might/could do与将来相反did(be * were)would/should/might/could do与过去相反had donewould/ should/ might/ couldhave done例句If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time.If they hadn t gone on vacation,their house wo

2、uldn t have been broken(break) in to.2. 原形虚拟：a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的 that-分句中，用动词原形。suggest, dema nd, advise, propose, order, arran ge, in sist, comma nd,require, request, desire . that + (should) do例女口 He suggested that we should leave early.My suggesti on is that we should tell him.b. It is (was) 形容

3、词 / 名词 that . (should) do/例女口 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式：1. It s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that)动词过去时例如 It s time we left.例女口 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/so oner宁愿as if/ though好像would rather/so oner谓语用过去时与现在或者将来相反as if/ thoug

4、h谓语用过去完成时与过去相反4.练习1. Itry it aga in if Iyou.A. will ； amB. should; amC. would ； wereDwould ； had been2. If it_ not for the water, the pla nts_ live.A. were； would not B. is； could not C. were； could D. did ；could not3. If I _ that cha nee to show my ability, I _ the preside nt of thisschool.A. have

5、not had； could not becomebecomeC. did not have； could not become4. He _ by that burglar if you _A. might have been killed； hadnt comeC. may be killed； didt come5. If it _ for your help， I _ that hard time with so little money.A. were not； would not spendC. had not been； would not have spent spend6.

6、Where _ you go if war _ ?A. will ； breaks outC. would； were to break out7. She wishes she _ that humiliating thing.A. doesnt doB. didn t do t done8. The chairman suggested that the meeting _ put off.A. can beB. beC. is9. It is vital that he _ immediately.A. should goB. must goC. goes10. It is time w

7、e _do our homework.A. begin toB. can begin toC. began to答案：1.选 C。表示与现在事实相反的假设（指现在的假设）（译文；如果我是你，我会再 试一次 ）2 选 A。表示与现在事实相反的假设（指现在的假设）。（译文：要是没有水，植物 就不能存活。 ）3.选 B。表示与过去事实相反的假设。4 A。表示与过去事实相反的假设。（译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼 杀了。 ）5. C。与过去事实相反的假设。（译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段 艰苦岁月的。 ）B. had not had； would not haveD. doesnt

8、 have； will not becometo save him.B. will be killed ； didn t comeD. could be killed ； havent comeB. is not； can not spendD. have not been； will notB. do； will break outD. will ； is to break outC. havent doneD. hadnD. will beD. wentD. will begin to6. 选 C。表示与将来事实相反的假设。（译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？）7. 选 D。虚拟语气用于

9、宾语从句。（译文：她真希望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情。）8. 选 B。虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。（译文：主席建议会议延期举行。 ）9. 选 A。虚拟语气用于主语从句（It is / was +形容词+ that 引导的分句）。10. 选 C。虚拟语气用于定语从句 It is time （that）.句型。（译文：我们该开始做作业了。）二动词的时态1.各个时态动词基本变形一般现在时be(is,am,are)do/does现在进行时be(is/am/are)+doing现在完成时have/has done现在完成进行时have/has bee n doing一般过去时was/were

10、 did过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时had done过去完成进行时 hadbee n doing一般将来时will do将来进行时will do将来完成will have done将来完成进行时will have bee n doing一般过去将来时would do过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成时would have done 过去将来完成进行时would have beer doing2.时间状语与动词时态的搭配一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。always usually, sometimes,一般现在时do/doesamis arelast

11、week, yesterday, a few days ago一般 过去时didwas/ werenext week, tomorrow, in a week, this year 一般将来时will donow, at prese nt, at this mome nt现在进行时be +do ingso far, up to now, by the time, si nee 的主句 现在完成时has/have done3.练习，用动词的适当形式填空1. He_ (be) eightee n n ext year.2. It_ (rain) every day so far this mon

12、th.3. Mozart_ (write) more tha n 600 pieces of music.4. If it_ (rain) tomorrow，we ll have to stay at home.5. How fast_ he_ (drive) whe n the accide nt happe ned?6. By the time Mr. Smith left school， he_ (teach) that course for twenty-fiveyears.7. Perhaps he_ (fini sh) read ing the book by this time

13、tomorrow.1. 填 will be。next year 为表示将来时态的时间状语2. 填 has rained so far 是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用3. 填 wroteoMozart （莫扎特）是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。4. 填 rains。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。5. 填 was.driving。表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。6. 填 had taught句中有 by the time Mr. Smith left school，主语的谓语应用过去 完成时。7. 填 will have finished。句中有

14、by this time tomorrow，主语的谓语应用将来完 成时。三动词的被动语态1.各个时态的被动语态时态一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时将来完成时主动doam/is/aredoingdidwas/weredoingwilldowoulddohas/havedonehaddonehas/havebee ndoingwill havedone被动am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonewill bedonewouldbedonehas/havebe

15、e ndonehadbee ndonewill havebee n done1. The con structi on of the library_ before the end of n ext mon th.A. must have completedB. must have bee n completedC. must be completedD. must complete2. The subject of these lectures_ by the lecture committee.A. announcesB.have bee n announcedC. announ cedD

16、. has bee n announ ced3. My pictures_ un til n ext week.A. won t developB. aren t developingC. don t developD. won t be developed4. They_ so that we wouldn t recognize them.A. costumedB. disguisedC. were disguis ingD.were disguised5. All the apparatus 器械）_before the experime nt bega n.A. had been pr

17、epared B. were prepared C. had been prepared D. had prepared6. The worlds supplies of copper_ .A. have bee n gradually being exhausted B. has gradually exhaustedC. are gradually exhaustedD. are being gradually exhausted7. The goods_ whe n we arrived at the airport.A. were just unloadingB. were just

18、being unloadedC. had just unloadedD. were just been unloaded8. Tom _ the best student in his class.A. regardsB. regards asC. has regarded asD. isregarded as9. The sports meeting _ because of the bad weather.A. put offB. was put offC. was putted offD. has putoff1. C。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+be+dona （译：至 U 下月底

19、图书馆的修建 必须完工 ）2. D 现在完成时的被动语态为： have been+done 译（ ：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会 宣布了。 ）3. D。一般将来时的被动语态为： will be+done,其否定形式为：will not be +done4. D 一般过去时的被动语态为 was/were+过去分词（译:为了不让我们认出来，他们 伪装了起来 ）5. C。过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：had been+过去分词。6. D 现在进行时的被动语态为：are/is/am being+过去分词。（译:世界的铜资源正 逐渐被耗尽 ）7. B。过去进行时的被动语态为：was/were being+过

20、去分词。（译:我们到机场时 正在卸货物。 ）8. D。 （译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。 ）9. B。 （译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。）四 定语从句1. 定语从句（ Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被 修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。 定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后, 由关系词（关 系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有： when, where, why 等。例题： The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of

21、two trust funds,could gopenniless by next year.A. the large oneB. the larger of whichC. the largest oneD. the largest of which选 B。因为前面有 two，所以不能选 D, A 没有连接手段，也不能选。 三级试题中定语从句的考题：1 、I tried to get of the business _ I found impossible to carry on.A) why B)which C)what D)where2、Once more I have to leave

22、 Beijing ,_I have been living foreight years.A) that B)where C)which D)as3、 This book is designed for the leaners_ native Ianguages are not En glish.A)whose B)which C)who D)what4、She got to know the young man very well_she had worked for solong.A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom5、 The hotel_ dur

23、i ng the vacati on was rather poorly man aged.A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed6、There are so many dresses there that I really don t know tochoose.A)whether B)whe n C)which D)why7、I think that Anna is_ far the most active member in our group.A)with B)at C)as D)by五倒装1. 当

24、 only 放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装例：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。Only yesterday did I fin ish the book.到昨天我才读完那本书。2. 具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装。常见的否定词有：never,seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, no sooner, hardly 等。例句： Never shall I forget the da

25、ys when you were with us.1、Olny when we had finished all the work that it was too late to take a bus home.A)did we realize B)i nformi ng C)i nformed D)to inform2、Not until the day before yesterday to give a speech at the meeti ng.A)he agreed B)does he agree C)he agrees D)did heagree3、Young_ he is, h

26、e has proved to be an able sale sman.A)that B)who C)as D)which4 、 Not until yesterday_ anything about the project that will becompleted soon.A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt5 、 He is used to flying by air and on no occasion_frightened.A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever

27、 does he feel D)has he ever felt6 、 So_after she learned the good news that she could hardly fallasleep that night.A)excited the mother wasB)was the motherexcitedC)the mother was excitedD)excited was themother7 、 So loudly_that people could hear it out in the street.A)did the students play the music

28、B)the studentsplaying the musicC)the students played the music D)have played the music六 it 的用法1.it 作形式主语或者形式宾语这里指代 to learn English 这里指代 what she meant选 B。 强调句型强调 when 引导的时间状语从句。2.It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand wasmade.A. that B. until C. before D. when 选 A

29、。 强调句型强调时间状语。七形容词比较级 比较级 最高级1. 不规则变法 good/well better bestbad worse worst many/much more mostthe students强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分 + that(who) + 句子的其余部分their beauty.A. untilB. that C. then D. soIt is necessary for us to learn English. itIt was not very clear what she meant. it 2.it 在强调句型练习 1. It was

30、 only when I read his poems recently _ I began to appreciatelittleleast2. 形容词比较级结构(1) 形容词 +than valuable than money.(2) the + The more medicine I takeless例句： Real friendship is more 形容词比较级， the + 形容词比较级 例句：大学英语三级考试常考词组和固定搭配（介词+名词）词语by accident on accountof in addition inaddition to in the airon (the

31、/an) averageon the basis of at (the)best for the better onboard out of breath onbusiness in any case incase of in case in nocaseby chancein charge (of)(a) round the clockin commonin conclusionon condition thatin confidencein connection with/toin consequence inconsequence of on thecontrary解释偶然因为，由于另外

32、除之外在流行中.在传播中 平均，般来说 根据，在的基础上 充其至多 好转，改善 在組（车、飞机）上 联不过 r 来 因公，因事 无论如何，总之 假使,万一 假使，以防（万一）免得 决不偶然，碰巧 负责，主管 昼夜不集地 共用，共有，共同 最后，总之 在条件下 信任关于因此，结果 由于的球故 反之，正相反in contrast with/to outof control undercontrol at all costs atthe cost of in thecourse of of course indanger out of dangerout of date up to datein d

33、ebt in detail indifficulties in thedistance off duty onduty on earth at allevents in any event inthe event of forexample with theexception of in theface of in fact on fireon foot in force in favo(u) r of与成对照失去控制 被控制住不惜任何代价以为代价在.过程中，在期间 当然，自然 在危险中，蚕危 脱离危险过期（时）的时新的欠债详细地处境困难在远处下班值班，上班允竟，到底无论如何有效；实际上万一，

34、如果发生例如之外面对，不顾，即便其实，实际上烧着步行有效I实施中有利于，费成，支持in front ofin (the) future onguard in general inhalf at hand from tipto toe by hand handdown to hand in handin hand on hand on(the) one hand onthe other hand . atheart by heart athome in honour of onones honour in ahurry for instance atintervals at last atlea

35、st in the least atlength in the light of inline in line with在面前今后，将来警惕，防范通常，大体上成两半在手边，在附近彻着彻尾宪全用手往下传，传给（后代）手拉手，携手在掌握中，在控制中在手边，临近一方面.另一方面.在内心；实质上牢记，凭记忆在家，在国内,自在，自如 以纪念，向表示載童 以名誉担保匆忙地，立即例如，举例说不时，时时最终，终于至少，最低限度一点，丝毫终于，最后 J 详细地按照.根据成一直线，排成一行与一致，按照at a lossas a matter of factby all means bymeans of by no

36、means in memoryof at the mercy ofby mistake at themoment for amoment for themoment in amoment in natureon occasion inorder in order to inorder that out oforder on ones ownin particular in thepast in person inplace in place of inthe first place inthe last place out ofplace on the pointto the point困感不知所措 其实，事实上 无论如何，必定 借助于，用决不纪念在支配下现在，此刻片刻，一会儿现在，暂时立刻，马上 本质上有时，不时 秩序井然，整齐 以便，为了以便发生故障，失调独自地，独立地特别地，尤其，详细地在过去.以往亲自在适当的位*代普起初，首先最后不得其所的，不适当的即将的时候切中要害.切題in practice out ofpractice at presentfor the present inproportion to inpublic for (the)purpose