精选英语长难句分析

1、精选英语长难句分析精选英语长难句分析一、定语从句【难句】 1. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opport un ities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-n etwork operators. (The Econo mist Jan. 5, 2006)【结构分析】 本句结构清晰

2、，是一个复合句。句首部分He is referring to theupsurge of interest in mobile television 是主句，其后的 a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media 作 mobile television 的同位语，句末的关系 代词 which 引导定语从句 which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators 来修饰先行词 a nasc

3、ent industry，关系代词which在从句中作主语。【参考译文】 他谈到了众人对移动电视的巨大兴趣，这是一个在电信和媒体领 域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动网络运营商 提供了新的机遇。【难句】2. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television n etworks to expa nd the range of show

4、s that can be purchased for view ing on the device, including “Lost”，“Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order ”. (The Eco nomist Jan. 5, 2006)【结构分析】本句使用了分隔结构，体现了非限制性定语从句分隔，从句whichlaun ched a video-capable versi on of its iPod portable music-player in October 修 饰主语Apple Computer(关系代词which在从句中作主语)分隔了主语和

5、系动词。 连接后得至U Meanwhile, Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows 其中 that 又引导定语从句 that can be purchased for viewing on the device 修饰先行词 shows关系代词 that在从句作 主语，从句中使用了被动语态)，句末的分词结构including “Lost”，“Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order ”作伴随状语，表明 range of show

6、s 的具体内 容。【参考译文】与此同时，苹果电脑公司在10月发售了一款可以观看电视的便携式音乐播放器iPod，这个播放器大大帮助了电视网络扩大其可以供用户购买的、 用于在移动终端的节目范围， 包括迷失、绝望的主妇以及法律与秩 序。【难句】 3. Some tech no logies do in deed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore s law, which acts as a battle plan for the semic on ductor in dust

7、ry. (The Econo mist Sep. 21,2006)【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，主句为 Some tech nologies do in deed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore s law，使 用了 suchthat结构；关系代词 which引导定语从句 which acts as a battle plan for the semic on ductor in dustry ，修饰先行词 formulae such as Moore s law， w

8、hich在从句中作主语。【参考译文】的确，有些技术的进步是以一种可预测的节奏进行着，它们遵循 摩尔定律般简单的公式，好比是半导体工业的设计图纸。【难句】4 Visit many online sites to research a car, and they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships which will then harass you in the old-fashioned wav. (The Economist May 27, 2006)【姑构分析】以and为切入点,本句包含两个并列分句。注意前一分句省略了

9、和后一分句相同的主语they(指代网络销售商)。后一分句中，they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships是主句，关系代词which引导定语从句 which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way, which 指代上文的一整句 话。【参考译文】网络销售商通过访问大量的网站去寻找一部车，然后就会把你的 名字提供给当地的经销商，这又会让你重回到以前那种购车模式所带来的困扰 中。【难句】5. Even China s population will be declining by

10、 the early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries. (The Economist Jun.5, 2006)【舍构分析】本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。主句为Even China s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN,其后的定语从句 which projects that by 2050 po

11、pulations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries修饰疋行词UN,关系代词在从句中作主语，注意反里project作动词 用，译为“指出”，且从句里使用了比较级。【参考译文】联合国有关报告指出，即便是中国，到2030年初期人口也将开始 递减。这份报告同时还指出，到2050年，将有50个国家的人口低于今天的水 平。【难句】6 That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning youn

12、g people into violent criminals(The Economist Jun.l& 2006)【结构分析】 本句的主句 That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games是主系表结构，其中表语由ho、v引导的名词性从句充当，定语从 句 which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals 修饰先行词 video games,关系代词which指代先行词video games在从句中作主语，这里使 用了被动语态b

13、e accused of,在翻译时我们译成主动。【参考译文】对于当今时代那些控诉电视游戏使年轻人变成暴力罪犯的批评者 们，历史最终也将对他们作出同样的批判。【难句】7. Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about engagement , which comes down to getting employees excited about the work they re doing and its contribution to the company(Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)【结构分析

14、】本句的主干一目了然：Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about engagement , which 引导的定语从句 which comes down to getting employees excited about。修饰先行词 engagement,关系代词 which 在 从句中作主语。介词about后有两个宾语the work and its contribution其中 work的修饰语由一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句they re doing充 当，关系代词在从句中作宾语，contrib

15、ution则由后置的介词短语修饰。【参考译文】管理和人力资源群体花费大量的时间来谈论“参与”，激发雇员 对他们的工作和为公司做贡献的兴趣。【难句】 8. To make the tech no logy as simple as possible, Sony, HP, and other ven dors are fin ally creat ing software that can be used across all their devices be it PCs, TVs, or set top boxes. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)【结构分析】本句结

16、构比较清晰，是一个复合句。句首的不定式短语To make the tech no logy as simple as possible 作全句的目的状语。主句为 Sony, HP, and other ven dors are fin ally creat ing software 。关系代词 that 引导的定语从句 that can be used across all their devices 修饰先行词 software , that 在从句中作主语，并 且使用了被动语态。第一个破折号后面是对across all their devices的具体说明，注意这里采用了 whether。

17、厂引导的让步状语从句省略 whether的特殊形式be it PCs, TVs, or set。第二个破折号后top boxes是对software的最终阐释，我们 去掉中间让步状语作的分隔成分，可以连接全句为So ny, HP, and other ven dorsare fin ally creat ing software that can be used across all their devices top boxes。【参考译文】为了让科技尽可能的简单，索尼、惠普和其他销售者最终开发了 可以在所有装置上使用的软件一一不论是个人电脑、电视机或是数字解码器一 这种软件就是机顶盒。【难

18、句】 9. On the face of it, that doesn t seem especially surprising: we feel stro ng emoti on at importa nt eve nts, which are obviously more memorable tha n ordinary mome nts. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)【结构分析】这是典型的冒号前为主句，冒号后作解释说明的实例。句首部分On the face of it 为全句的状语，主句部分为that doesn t seem especiallysurprising，这里s

19、eem采用了系动词的用法。注意形容词surprising指物的-ing使用。冒号后 we feel strong emotion at important events 是对主句的解释说明， 非限制性定语从句 which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments 使用了比较结构，关系代词 which在从句中作主语。注意 which后的be动词使 用了复数形式are，联系上文，我们不难判断出它指代important events。【参考译文】乍看起来，那似乎不会使我们特别吃惊：在重大事件上我们会感 到强烈的感情冲击一一重大事件显然比平常

20、日子让人记忆深刻。【难句】 10. An animal that can remember the significanee of that large, n asty-look ing thing with the big teeth and sharp claws will survive Ion ger and produce more offspri ng. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)【结构分析】本句是复合句，句子的主干为An an imal will survive Ion ger andproduce more offspring。主语 animal后接关系代词 th

21、at引导的定语从句，关系 代词代替animal在从句中作主语。在从句里，谓语动词remember的宾语是the significanee，它的后置定语为 that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws ;介词短语 with the big teeth and sharp claws 补充说明 thing 的 特点。【参考译文】一种动物只有记住了长相丑恶(具有巨大牙齿和锋利爪子)且身体庞 大的重要性，才能生存长久并繁殖更多的后代。【难句】11. Wome n who live in areas of high

22、air pollutio n, exposed to in visible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires, are at in creased risk of heart disease and death, accord ing to a study. (The Guardia n Feb. 1,2007)【结构分析】本句是主系表结构。主语Women后是定语从句who live in areas of high air pollution，关系代词 who在从句中代替 women作

23、主语，系表部分are atin creased risk of heart disease and death被分词结构(表被动)作的后置定语 exposed to in visible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stati ons and wood fires分隔，由于定语部分较长，在翻译时我们可以译为并列结构；句子末 尾的according to a study作全句的状语。【参考译文】一项研究表明，生活在严重空气污染地区的女性，暴露在车辆尾 气、燃煤发电厂、森林火灾所产生和排放的无形的微小颗粒中，越来越容易患 心脏病，甚

24、至会因此直接导致死亡。二、名词性从句【难句】1. The con sole can determ ine how the con troller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on scree n. (The Econo mist Dec. 2, 2006)【结构分析】以逗号后and为切入点，得到主句部分的并列平行结构 The con sole can determine ,and uses that informatio

25、n to control ，uses与 can determine 一起作该句的谓语。其中determine的宾语也以and切入，得到how引导的名 词性从句 how the controller is moving in space 和 what 引导的名词性从句 what it is pointing at(how 在从句中作状语，what在从句中作宾语)；在use的宾语补足 语to control中，control的宾语使用了 what引导的名词性从句 what is happening on screen 充当，what 在从句中作主语。【参考译文】游戏机能测出手柄的移动轨迹，识别手柄

26、指着屏幕上的什么东西， 然后根据得到的信息控制屏幕上的游戏。【难句】2. If left unchanged, it appears that the time to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes is starting to evaporate, especially if the music is set to start leak ing into the public doma in in the country where it was origi nally produced.(Busi ness Week Fe

27、b. 5, 2007)【结构分析】本句主干为主系表结构，注意appear在这里是系动词用法。表语部分由that引导的名词性从句 that the timeis starting to evaporate充当，不 定式短语 to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes 作后置定语修饰 thetime。 especially直到句末是条件状语从句，使用了被动语态if the music is set修饰If leftleaveto句末关系畐寸词 where 引导的定语从句 where it was originally produced

28、先行词the country，关系副词在从句中作状语，相当于in which。句首部分 un cha nged，我们可以理解为是分词结构作的条件状语，注意这里使用了 sth.+adj。用法。【参考译文】如果不改变，则通过诸如iTunes利用数字销售赚钱的时代可能开始消亡了，尤其是当音乐在其最初发表的国家已经进入公共领域时。【难句】 3. If I ever had any doubts about how demanding a teacher s job is, it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recentl

29、y in schools. (The Guardia n Sep. 12, 2007)【结构分析】 本句的结构清晰，为主从复合句。it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools 为主句部分，其中包含一个 when弓丨导的时间状语从句 when I spent some time recently in schools 。 If弓丨导的条件 状语从句中，had any doubts about后的宾语由 how引导的名词性从句 how demanding a teacher s job i

30、s 充当，how 与形容词 demanding 相连作从句的表 语。注意整个句子使用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句为 if+had done,主句为 would/could/should/might+have done 的形式。【参考译文】如果说我以前还曾怀疑教师的工作有多吃力，那么当我最近在学 校中待了一段时间后，我永远改变了原来的想法。【难句】 4. The teachers who took part in the program also told me of their worries that they might be force-feeding their pupils info

31、rmation rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure they grasped the importanee to them of what they were being taught. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)【结构分析】本句成分复杂。主语The teachers后跟who引导的定语从句whotook part in the program also told me of their worries作修饰语，关系代词 who在从句中作主语。told后我们可以认为是双宾语(对象+内

32、容)，直接宾语部分their worries 后跟 that 引导的名词性从句 that they might be force feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure说明 worries的具体内容。ensure后面的宾语是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句they grasped the importance to them of ，grasped 的宾语 the importance of 被不定式结构to them分隔，of构成的介宾短语的宾语由

33、what引导的名词性从 句充当，且从句使用了被动语态的现在进行时。【参考译文】参与节目的老师们还告诉我，他们担心自己可能是在向学生强行 灌输知识与信息，而不是激励他们讨论，以此保证他们能掌握他们所学知识的 要领。【难句】 5. The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless cha nn els, security, and other featu

34、res com mon to home n etworks. (Busi ness Week Jan. 29, 2007)【结构分析】 本句主干很清晰，是主系表结构。其中表语部分由 that引导的名 词性从句 that consumers tend to prefer devices 充当。device后是 that 引导的 定语从句 that require simply plugging them in，关系代词 that 在从句中作主 语。逗号后的介词短语 without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and oth

35、er features作从句中的伴随状语(在翻译时我们可以转译为定语)，句末 的形容词结构 com mon to home n etworks 后置作 features 的定语。【参考译文】这一方式的问题在于，消费者更喜欢不需要创立复杂的无线电频 道、安全保护以及家庭网络所共有的其他特性，便可以简单插入的装置。【难句】 6. Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible eno ugh to take acco unt of the differe nces betwee n discipli nes and

36、 provid ing eno ugh detail to be of use. (The Guardia n Oct. 3, 2007)【结构分析】本句不难，主句谓语says后是省略了 that的宾语从句guidance must strike a bala nce betwee n being flexible eno ugh to take acco unt of the differe nces betwee n discipli nes and provid ing eno ugh detail to be of use。注意两个 betwee n 的使用。第一个 betwee n与

37、后面的 and相连，构成 being flexible eno ugh toand provid ing eno ugh detail to 结构，第二个 betwee n 后跟 discipli nes 表示 “各学 科之间”，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。【参考译文】戴维斯说，指导规范必须在足够灵活考虑各学科的不同点和提供 充足的可操作的细节之间寻求一种平衡。【难句】 7. In its 16 years of operation it has found the first convincing evidenee for the existe nee of bla

38、ck holes, made observati ons support ing the theory that the uni verse s expa nsion is accelerati ng and con firmed that dark matter exists. (TheEconomist Nov. 2, 2006)【结构分析】去掉句首介宾In its 16 years of operation作的时间状语，以and 为切入点，得至U主句 it has found ,madeand con firmed 其中 made 后的宾 语中，包含现在分词结构supporting th

39、e theory作的伴随状语，在此伴随状语 中，that 引导同位语从句 that the uni verse s expa nsion is accelerati ng 解释说明 theory的内容；而con firmed后的宾语由that引导的名词性从句that dark matter exists 充当。【参考译文】在它运行的16年中，首次发现了关于黑洞的令人信服的证据， 很多观测都支持宇宙加速膨胀的理论并确认暗物质的存在。三、非谓语动词【难句】1. The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost

40、as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficie ncy. (The Eco nomist Nov. 30, 2006)【结构分析】本句是一个简单句，为一个主系表结构The energy is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards ，使用了 asas结构，其 中被比较的对象 that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards

41、 中，that 指代上文 的energy，过去分词结构needed to作后置定语体现被动。其中主语energy由 过去分词结构 used to separate oxygen from air before burning 作后置定语体现 被动；句末的现在分词结构leading to a similar loss of efficiency 作全句的结果状 语。【参考译文】 燃烧前将氧气从空气中分离所需的能源几乎不亚于上述将氮 气过滤所需的耗费，这就使得两者在效率损失上不相上下。【难句】2. Some great manufacturers and great service compani

42、es may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs, outsourcing not just their non-core activities but esse ntial ones too. (The Econo mist Jun. 15, 2006)【结构分析】 本句不难，逗号前为主句 Some great manu facturers and great service compa nies may have become too lea n in their rele ntless drive

43、to reduce costs使用了 tooto结构，句末的现在分词结构outsourcing not just theirnon-core activities but essential ones too 作伴随状语，进一步补充说明reducecosts的具体内容。【参考译文】有些大的制造商和服务供应商热衷于降低成本，不仅把非核心 业务外包，而且连核心业务也不放过。【难句】3. The study shows that nearly half the organizations featured in theTimes Top 100 Graduate Employers plan to

44、expand their graduate programs this year, i ncreas ing the total nu mber of vaca ncies available for new graduates by more tha n 10 perce nt compared with 2006 recruitme nt levels.(The Sun dayTimes Jan. 11,2007)【结构分析】本句是复合句。逗号前为主句，是主谓宾结构，其中谓语shows 的宾语由 that 引导的名词性从句 that nearly half the organization

45、s featured in the Times Top 100 Graduate Employers pla n to expa nd their graduate programs this year 充当。现在分词结构 increasing the total number of vacancies availablefor new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 2006 recruitment levels作状语，我们可以理解其为结果状语，注意增加的幅度用介词by表示。句末的过去分词结构 compared with 200

46、6 recruitment levels 作比较状语。【参考译文】研究表明，时代排名前100名的毕业生雇主单位中有将近 一半计划今年将扩大毕业生接收规模，为新的毕业生增加可利用的空缺职位数 量，这个数量与2006年的新成员水平相比，会增加10%以上。【难句】4. The trouble is, as soon as you ve been given a clean bill of health you re back at your desk, facing the same situation that led to depression and compulsive behavior p

47、roblems in the first place. (Times On li ne Jan. 11,2007)【结构分析】 本句主干是一个主系表结构 The trouble is，其中表语部分 由从句充当。在表语从句中，包含as soon as引导的时间状语从句as soon as you ve been given a clean bill of health，翻译为“一就”。现在分词短语 facingthe same situation 作 you re back at your desk 的伴随状语，关系代词 that 弓 导的定语从句 that led to depression

48、and compulsive behavior problems in the first place修饰先行词the same situation， that在从句中作主语。【参考译文】问题是，一旦你得到清楚的健康证明，你就得立刻回到你的办公桌，并且首先就要面对与原来曾导致沮丧和强迫性行为问题的同样的情形。【难 句】 5. Drivers can in struct their car stereos to “ play similar ”， prompting the system to call up songs in the same musical genre. (Busi ness

49、 Week Feb. 5, 2007)【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，主干是一个主谓宾结构： Drivers can in struct their car stereos to “play similar ”，其中不定式结构 to “ play similar ” 构成了 in struct their cars 的复合宾语。现在分词结构 prompti ng the system to call up songs in the same musical genre 作 in struct their car stereos to “ play similar ” 的 状语，我们可以理解为结果状

50、语，在这里，prompt后也采用了不定式结构to cal up songs in the same musical genre 与 the system 一起构成复合宾语的形式。【参考译文】驾驶者可以指令车内立体声设备“播放相似音乐”，提示系 统集合相同风格的音乐。【难句】 6. Having succeeded as a convenient vehicle for every conceivable political and commercial sloga n, the threads themselves are beco ming the n ewest message, logi

51、cally eno ugh. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)【结构分析】本句为主从复合句。主句中的主语与从句中的主语一致，从句 中省去主谓，造成分词作伴随状语的形式，我们可以还原为since the threadshave succeeded as主句部分是 the threads themselves are becoming the newest message句 末的logically eno ugh 是状语，在翻译时，我们可以转译为 be beco ming the n ewest message 的补充部分。【参考译文】成功作为政治和商业口号的一种便捷媒介物，(T恤)衣服本

52、身也成了最新的信息，这种情况(的发生)合乎逻辑。【难句】 7. Some of the biggest ven ture capital firms are raisi ng large fun ds, targeting more established companies, and increasingly setting their sights abroad. (Busi ness Week Feb. 5, 2007)【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，主句为 Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raisi ng large fun ds

53、,两个现在分词结构target ing more established companies 和 increasingly setting their sights abroad 由 and 并歹U,作全句的伴随 状语。【参考译文】 某些大的风险投资公司正在筹集大量的资金，他们的目标是 已经稳定的企业，并且日益将目光投向海外市场。四、分隔结构【难句】1. Addi ng a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very little around $2, dow n from $20 in2001 but allows the manu facturer t

54、o in crease the price of the han dset by far more, and ope ns up a new market for high-marg in accessories. (The Eco nomist Jun. 8, 2006)【结构分析】本句是典型的破折号分隔。首先以连词为切入点，得到Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs but allows ,and ope ns up ，介词短语 around $2, down from $20 in 2001 充当的分隔成分作上文 costs very l

55、ittle 的具体 解释说明，分隔了前两个并列的谓语。【参考译文】在手机里添加一个蓝牙芯片的成本很低一一从2001年时的20美元下降到2美元左右一一但是可以允许制造者提高远远高出这个的价格，并 且打开了一个高利润附件的市场。【难句】 2. It was refreshing, across the age groups of the children I met, to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompt ing from their t

56、eachers and me, they saw how releva nt they were to their daily lives. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)【结构分析】 本句使用了两处分隔，均由逗号表现。第一处分隔across theage groups of the childre n I met,分隔了主系表结构的一种特殊形式，即形容词 +to do 作表语。去掉分隔部分，我们得到 It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and

57、 how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how releva nt they were to their daily lives 。 这里我们注意到see后面的宾语由两个how引导的从句充当：how quickly they grasped the whole idea of huma n rights and how清晰看到第二处分隔为介宾短语 with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me作的伴随状语。去掉分隔，得至

58、U It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of huma n rights and how they saw how releva nt they were to their daily lives ，即由 and并列的两个how引导的宾语从句。在第二个从句中，谓语say后仍然是由how 引导的名词性从句 how releva nt they were to their daily lives 充当宾语。在 翻译时，我们可将两个分隔部分所作的状语提前。【参考译文】 在我所见到的同年龄段的孩子们中，在我和他们的老师只给 了一点儿提示的情况下，见证他们如何快速地领会人权的整体观念，如何认识 到人权与他们的生活密切相关，这一点是非常让人兴奋的。【难句】 3. What was in teresti ng was how quickly, by using releva nt and local examples where possible, the pupils cott oned on to how the in terplay of rights and responsibilit