(完整版)核专业英语词汇

1、一）核物理基本概念7.TT金eleme nt国际单位制SyStem International, Sl粒子PartiCle千克kilogram (kg) VOlt (V) mole离子ion伏特(mol) COUlOmb electrOrb分子molecule摩尔VOlt (eV) mega electrOrb原子atom库仑VOIt (MeV) mass defect原子的atomic电子伏特binding energy kinetic原子核nuCleUS (pl. nuClei)兆电子伏特energy POtential, POtential核的nu Clear质量亏损energy jum

2、p nuClear force质子PrOtO n结合能repulsiOn attraction中子neutron动能bombardment emissiOn电子electr On势能(n.)5 emit (v.) energy IeVel核子nude On跃迁fissiOn fusion decay化学性质ChemiCal identity核力barium boron bismuth带正电的POSitiVely ChargeCl排斥Uranium PlUtOniUm带负电的negatively Charged吸引thorium IithiUm SOCliUm不带电的Un Chargeel轰击n

3、uClear reaction Chain电中性的electrically neutral发射（出）reactiOn radiatiOn（元素）周期表PeriOdiC table能级tranSUraniUm element原子序数atomic number裂变fissionable fissile fragment质量数mass number聚变macroscopic microscopic轨道电子Orbital electrOn衰变mesoscopic excite同位素isotopeelectrostatic天然存在的naturally OCCUrring硼人工的artificial钮化学

4、键ChemiCal bond铀化合物COmPO Und上标SUPerSCriPt下标SUbSCriPt锂氧OXygen钠氢,気hydrogen核反应重氢,氛heavy hydrogen, CleUteriUm链式反应重氢核,氛核deuteri On辐射，射线超重氢,氤tritium超铀兀素碳Carb On可裂变的helium易裂变的放射性的radioactive碎片加权平均WeighteCl mean宏观的PP曰.r F=Jmass微观的动量momentum介观的能暈en ergy激发单位，机组Unit静电的库仑力 COUlOmb force电磁辐射 electromagnetic radia

5、tiOn二）放射性宇宙射线COSmiC ray反比于be inVerSely PrOPOrtiOnal to电离ion izati On根据经验as a rule Of thumb韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(braking射线alpha rayradiati On)射线beta ray辐射，射线radiati On射线gamma ray正比于be PrOPOrtiOnal to带电粒子ChargeCl PartiCle吸入inhale光子PhOt On动能kinetic energy散射SCatteri ng势能POtential (energy)衍射CliffraCtiOn量子qu

6、antum折射deflecti On屏蔽Shieleling碰撞COIliSi On正电子POSitrOn铝aluminum加速器acceleratorberyllium放射性radioactivity氨helium湮火ann ihilati On相互作用in teracti On光电效应PhOtOeleCtriC effect摄入ingest（三核反应衰减attenuati On反冲,反作用recoil放大amplification平均自由程mean free Path镉CadmiUm转变，转化tran SmUtati On钻CObalt扩散CliffUSiOn氧OXygen中子扩散neut

7、rOn CliffUSiOn氮n itroge n斐克扩散定律FiCk ,s IaW Of-l!xr.-!汞mercury通量flux弹性的elastic中微子n eutri no非弹性的inelastic放射性同位素radioisotope宏观截面macroscopic CrOSS SeCtiOn半衰期half-life微观截面microscopic CrOSS SeCtiOn热核反应堆thermOnUClear reactor靶恩bam化合价Vale nce四）核材料燃料fuel燃料芯块fuel PeIlet慢化剂moderator反应性reactivity冷却剂COOlant升华SUbI

8、ime包壳Cladcli ng中子俘获截面neutron CaPtUre CrOSS控制棒COntrOl rodSeCti On硼酸boric acid散射截面SCattering CrOSS SeCtiOnChrOmiUm辐照损伤radiation damage乍合hafnium肿胀SWelIi ng轧gadolinium燃耗bumup钢indium合金alloy镁magn esium镁诺克斯合金MagnOXnickel错合金ZirCalOyZirCOniUm金属间化合物inter-metallic COmPOUnCl硅SiIiCO n裂变产物fissiOn PrOdUCt重水heavy W

9、ater裂变碎片fissiOn fragment石墨graphite腐蚀产物COrrOSiOn PrOdUCt碳化物Carbide可燃毒物burn able POiS On氧化物OXide冷轧COlCl PreSSing氧化OXiCliZe烧结Sin tering二氧化物CliOXide开裂CraCk二氧化碳CarbOn CliOXide蠕变CreeP碳氢化合物hydrocarbon增殖材料fertile material密度den Sity增殖比breeding ratio热导率，传热系数thermal COnductivity浓缩铀enriched Uranium比热SPeCifiC he

10、at高温气冷堆High TemPeratUre粘性ViSCOSityGaS-COOleCl ReaCtOr饱和SatUrati On(HTGR)热力性质'热物性thermodynamic PrOPerty(中子)通量展平flux-shapi ng五)核反应堆理论自持的链式反应SeIf-SUStaining Chain快中子fast neutrOnreacti On六氟化物hexafluoride燃料循环fuel CyCle六氟化铀Uranium hexafluoride临界(a)CritiCal离心丄ZiCentrifuge PrOCeSS次临界(a)SUbCritiCal气体扩散工艺

11、gaseous CliffUSiOn PrOCeSS超临界(a)SUPerCritiCal换料(V)refuel临界(n)CritiCality快中子增殖反应堆，快堆 FaSt Breeding临界尺寸CritiCal SiZeReaCtOr (FBR)共振resOnance堆芯，活性区COre弹性散射碰撞elastic SCattering COlliSiOn再生区blan ket热中子利用系数thermal UtiliZatiOn factor半透膜Semi-Permeable membrane慢化SlOW dow n旋转SPin (过去分词：SPUn)热中子thermal neutron

12、贫铀depleted UraniUrn倍增系数 ITiuItipIication factor热中子反应堆、热堆thermal reactor快堆 fast reactor十）压水反应堆压水反应堆，压水堆PreSSUriZeCl WaterReaCtOr (PWR)反应堆冷却剂系统ReaCtOr COOlant SyStem(RCS)蒸汽发生器Steam generator在役检杳inSerViCe inSPeCtiOn一次侧Primary Side汽水分离器moisture SeParatOr二次侧SeCOndary Side干燥器Steam dryer发电机electrical gener

13、ator,堆内构件reactor internalsgen erator反应堆冷却剂泵，主泵 reactor COOlant燃料芯块F 一f fuel PelletPUmP (RCP)5 main包冗CladdingPUmP堆芯COre稳压器PreSSUriZer给水泵feed(water) PUmP波动管SUrge Iine反应堆（压力）容器reactor VeSSel) PreSSUre剖视图SeCtiOnal VieWVeSSel控制棒ContrOl rod硼酸boric acid控制棒组件Control Element化学补偿控制ChemiCal Shim COntrOlASSembl

14、y (CEA)堆坑reactor Pit控制棒驱动机构ContrOl Element DriVe气密的airtightMeChaniSm (CEDM)封头head控制棒导向管COntrOl ROd GUide接管，喷嘴nozzleTUbe (CRGT)点火区Seed上部支撑板UPPer SUPPOrt Plate再生区blan ket燃料组件fuel assembly用户，'W丰'业界Utility进口接管inlet nozzle卖主J供应商Vendor, SUPPlier出口接管OUtlet noZZle制造商manu facturer堆芯吊篮COre barrel多重屏障m

15、ultiple barriers可燃吸收体burnable absorber纵深防御defense in depth管侧tube Side冗余性red UnclanCy壳侧Shell Side多样性diversity蒸汽管线Steam Iine独立性in depe ndence一次冷却剂Primary COOlant包容COntai n主蒸汽main Steam美国机械工程师协会AmeriCan SOCiety Of反应性引入reactivity inSertiOnMeChanical Engineer浓度COnCen tration(ASME)参考负荷ref ere nce IOad美国核学

16、会 AmeriCan NUClear SOCiety (ANS)冷却剂平均温度COOlant average安全级Safety ClaSStemperature失效failure稀释CliIUtiO n安全功能Safety fun CtiO n裂变产物fissiOn PrOdUCt裕度margi n积累buildup反应堆调节系统（程序）整定值 峰值线释热率 轴向功率分布方 位角ReaCtOr RegUlatingSyStem (RRS) PrOgrammeel ValUe Peak Iinear heat rate axial POWer CliStribUtiOn azimuthal堆内测

17、量系统自给能中子探测器(DNBR)In-COre DeteCtOr SyStelTl(ICDS)Sel仁Powered NeUtrOn(中子通量)方位角偏差azimuthal tilt偏离泡核沸 腾DePartUre fromNUCleate BOiIing (DNB) 偏离泡核沸腾比DePartUre fromNUCleate BOiling RatiO信号调理反应堆紧急停堆汽机脱扣可靠性规范，法规燃耗DeteCtOr (SPND) Signal COnditiOning reactor trip turbine trip reliability COde burnup卜一）反应堆容器与堆内

18、构件环锻件rin g-forgi ngFlUX = FlUenCe = NeUtr On锻造forgedenSity VelOCity Time锻件forgingunit J : nm 3 m/s s=监视SUrVeilla ncenm2样品，试样SPeCimen旁通,支路bypass安装mount磷PhOSPhOrOUS奥氏体的auste nitic硫SUIfUr = SUlPhUr不锈钢StainleSS Steel焊Welel法兰flange临界值，限值threshold热电偶thermocouple（机）接合啮合对位engage零延性转变温度n il-ductility transit

19、i On凸缘，凸起部'轮毂bosstemperature CrNDT)逐渐变细的tapered注量率flue nce圆顶dome集成中子通量NVT=TOtal IntegrateCl围板ShrOUdNeUtrOn FlUX = Integrated十二）反应堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒burnable absorber rod钢indium蠕变creep陶瓷（状）的CeramiC栅格IattiCe（机）间隙Cleara nce中子源neutron SOUrCe污染COntarninate阻力塞PIUg栅格架；电网；网格grid反应性价值reactivity WOrth因科镰inconel比功

20、率SPeCifiC POWer固有安全性in here nt Safetyantimony非能动安全PaSSiVe Safety镉CadmiUm能动安全active Safety铜CalifOrniUm套管5套筒SleeVe定位格架SPaCer grid星形架，蜘蛛SPider乏燃料SPent fuel十三）压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备U形管蒸汽发生器U-tube Stearn generator额定负荷rated IOaCl核供汽系统NUClear Steam SUPPly化学和容积控制系统ChemiCal and VOlUmeSyStem (NSSS)COntrOl SyStem (CVCS)

21、一次系统Primary SyStem加热，升温heatup二次系统SeCOndary SyStem冷却，降温COOldOWn主蒸汽main Steam喷淋管线SPray Iine汽轮机，透平机械turbine辅助喷淋管线auxiliary SPray Iine给水与凝汽系统feed and condenSate SyStem上充泵Charging PUmP热管段，热腿hot Ieg上充Charge冷管段，冷腿COlCl Ieg下泄IetClOW n堵管裕量tube PlUgging margin水位Water level, IeVel在情况下in the eve nt Of备用的backup换

22、热器heat exchanger (HX)过压保护OVerPreSSUre PrOteCtiOn节热器，省煤器econo mizer安全壳内换料水箱IrbCOntainment给水feedwaterRefUeling Water StOrage一次进口水室inlet plenumTank (IRWST)一次进口接管Primary inlet noZZIe换料水箱RefUeling Water StOrage一次出口水室OUtlet PlenUmTank (RWST)一次出口接管Primary OUtlet noZZle安全阀Safety VaIVe管板tubesheet卸压阀relief Va

23、lVe喷放；（SG）排污blowdow n全厂断电StatiOn blackout (SBO)上升段riser（蒸汽）干度quality下降段downcomer空泡份额VOiCl fractiOn满功率full POWer (FP)热冲击thermal ShOCk额定功率rated POWer急冷,骤冷quench十四）压水堆系统与安全壳裂变碎片fission fragmentdyn amics轻水反应堆Ught Water ReaCtOr最终热阱Ultimate Sink(LWR)一（次）回路Primary IOOP热机thermal engine二（次）回路SeCOndary IOOP原动

24、机Prime mover核电厂配套了项BalanCe Of Plant (BOP)焙en thalpy一次压力边界Primary PreSSUreen tropyboun dary反馈feedback隔离阀isolatiOn ValVe热力学第一定律SeCOnd IaW Of thermo-失效failure故障fault, malfuctiOn安注泵Safety injection PUmP卡诺效率CamOt efficiency安全壳Contain merit热机效率engine efficiency钢筋混凝土reinfo reed COn Crete高温热源，热库hot reservoi

25、r预应力钢筋混凝土PreStreSSed reinfo reed低温热源COld reservoirCon Crete摩擦friction英制压力单位PSi = POUnClS Per SqUare余热排出系统ReSidUal Heat-RemOValinchSyStem (RHRS)英制压力单位（表压）PSig = POUndS Per换料（n）refueli ngSqUare inch gauge应急堆芯冷却系统Emergency COre-环形的annularCOOIing SyStem (ECCS)潜热Iatent heat补水与排水feed and bleed显热SenSible h

26、eat专设安全设施Engineered Safety Feature氢氧化物hydroxide(ESF)氢氧化钠SOCliUm hydroxide设备冷却水系统COmPOnent COOIing苛性钠，氢氧化钠CaUStiCSyStem启动StartUP止回阀non-return ValVe飞射物，导弹missile蓄压箱accumulator蒸汽管线SteamIi ne电动阀motor-driven ValVe安全壳地坑Containrnent SUmP气动阀Pneumatic ValVe十五）蒸汽轮机飞轮flywheel被称为be referred to as叶片,叶栅blade, buc

27、ket, Vane缸体，箱体CaSing功WOrk推力thrust冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine掀金IaShing反动式汽轮机reactiOn turbine除湿moisture removal冲动级impulse Stage节流阀stop-throttle ValVe反动级reactiOn Stage扭矩torque反动度degree Of reactiOn每秒转rev/s = revolutiOnS Per渐缩的COnVergi ngSeC OnCl渐扩的CliVergi ng每分钟转rpm = revolutiOnS Per喷嘴，接管nozzleminute十六）主蒸汽、给水

28、与凝汽系统汽轮发电机汽动给水泵蒸汽排放汽水分离再热器turbine generatorturbine ClriVen feedwaterPUmPSteam dumpMOiStUre SePeratOr密封蒸汽系统限流器主蒸汽隔离阀机组Reheater (MS旳 gland Steam SyStem flow restrictor main Stearn isolatiOn ValVe Unit负荷IOaCl凝汽器热阱CondenSer hotwell主蒸汽集管main Stearn header给水流量调节阀feed regulating ValVe给水联箱feedwater header给水

29、调旁通阀feed regulating bypass给水回热循环regenerative feed heatingValVeCyCle疏水Clrain磨损Wear阶跃变化SteP Change污垢，结垢fouling线性（斜坡）变化ramp Change装量inventory溢流阀OVerllOW ValVe蒸汽（旁路）排放Stearn dump工艺汽PrOCeSS Steam冷凝器排放COnelenSer Steam dump紧急停堆trip; SCram大气排放atmospheric Steam dump停堆ShUtdOW n除氧器排放deoxidizer Steam dump停堆，停堆期

30、OUtrage电缆electric Cable手动地manually辅助给水系统auxiliary feedwater自动地automaticallySyStem质量流率mass flow rate压差Clifferential PreSSUre,尖断阀ShUtOff ValVePreSSUre Clifferential,（美国）联邦管理法规CFR = COde OfPreSSUre differenceFederal RegUIatiOnS增压泵booster PUmP凝结液COn densate增压boost PreSSUre水头，压头head吸入口SUCtiOn汽机脱扣（甩负荷）tur

31、bine trip凝汽器COnde riser十七）核电厂运行工艺热PrOCeSS heat公用电网Utility grid基础负荷运行base IOad OPeratiOn退役的OUtOf SerViCe运行因子OPeratiOn factor负荷因子IOad factor使用因子，运行因子SerViCe factor可利用因子 availability技术规范technical SPeCifiCatiOn稳压器汽空间 建立 draw a PreSSUre Steam bubble 未能紧急 停堆的预计瞬变AntiCiPatedTranSient WithOUt SCrarn(ATWS)未能

32、紧急停堆的预计瞬变AntiCiPateClTranSient WithOUt TriP (ATWT) IOSS Of POWer 失电IOSS Of flow auxiliary失流辅助SPray SamPling喷淋采样NUClear RegUlatOry美国)核管会COmmiSSiOn (NRC) 负荷跟踪IOad following十八）辐射危害与屏蔽屏蔽ShieICling核辐射nuClear radiatiOn发射，发出emit急性的acute剂量dose慢性的delayed剂量率dose rate辐射病radiatiOn SiCkneSS保健物理health PhySiCS吸入in halati On天然本底辐射natural backgroUncl radiatiOn摄入in gesti On轰击bombardme nt食物链