18-19Unit4SectionⅢGrammar——限制性定语从句

1、Section田 Grammar限制性定语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1. I know you' re dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2. The boyswho had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3. We walked for t

2、wo and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4. The only possessions could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.1 .所有例句中黑体部分都是限制性定语 从句。2 .例句1中黑体部分包括两个定语从句： which引导的止语从句修饰

3、表物的先行 词some photos 在从句中作土语；I talk about是省略了关系代词that/which（在 从句中作英语）的定语从句，修饰表物的 先行词the places3 .例句2中黑体部分为who引导的定语 从句修饰表人的先行词The boys, who 在从句中作土语。4 .例句3中黑体部分为from where引导 的止语从句修饰表物的先行词 a ridge。5 .例句4中黑体部分为省略了关系代词 that（在从句中作宾语）的定语从句，修饰 表物的先行词The only possessions语法精要点拨一、定语从句的相关概念1 .定语从句在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名

4、词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2 .先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3 .关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词 （that, which, who , whom, whose, as等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）两类。关系词通常有三个作用： （1）连接定语从句；（2）指代先行词；（3）在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。4 .限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表 一个（些）或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。She is the girl that you want to

5、know.(艮制性定语从句)她是你想认识的女孩。He seems not to have grasped what I mea ntwhich greatly upsets me.祚限制性定语 从句)他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我很心烦。即时训练1用适当的关系词填空 The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2019.ZThe little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.二、关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中

6、充当的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语The old man (who/whom/that ) we visited yesterday is a famous artist.我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。Miss Wang is taking care ofthe child whose parents have gone to Beijing.王小姐正在照顾一个父母去了北京的小孩。This is the textbook (that /which ) he is lo

7、oking for.这就是他正在找的课本。名师点津定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一 致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one of+复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very, the only, the first,the last, the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。She is the only one of

8、 the girls who studies hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。即时训练2用适当的关系词填空 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.【导学号：19142025】We ll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.三、使用关系代词的注意事项1 . who可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果 whom在从句中 作介词的宾语，且介词提前只

9、能用 whom。This is the pilot ( who/whom) I bought a camera for.= This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。2 . whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose常表达“某人的、某物的”之意。whose表示物时，whose+名词=the+名词+ of which。Please pass me theook whose cover( = the cover of which ) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3 .指物时用tha

10、t而不用which的情况(1)当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, something, none, few, little , much 等不定代词时。All (that) the graduate lacks is practice.那位毕业生缺少的只是实践。(2)当先行词被very, both, the only, all等修饰时。This is the only coat that I have.这是我拥有的唯一的外套。(3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。This is the most attractive matchtha

11、t I have watched.这是我所看过的比赛中最吸引人的一场。(4)当并列的两个先行词(分别表示人和物时)被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用 that。She took photos ofpeople and things (that) she was interested in.她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照。(5)主句是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that弓I导, 不用 who 或 which。Who was the personthat helped the girl out?帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的是谁？(6)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用tha

12、t。Your disease is not the casehat it used to be.你的病已经不是过去的情况了。4 .用as引导限制性定语从句的情况such+名词+ as"像一样的”Do you have such books as we like?你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？(2)the sam计名词+ as“和同样”It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.他/她就是我们昨天要找的人。(3)as+形容词+名词+ as”像一样的”She will marry as wealthy a man as she

13、 can find.她将嫁给一个她能找到的有钱人。5 .用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的情况有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可以用which, whose, whom,不可以用that。其选择依据如下：(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。I bought a great many bookson which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。依据与先行词的搭配。This is the camerawith which he often takes photos.这就

14、是他经常用来拍照的相机。(3)根据所表达的意义。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。即时训练3用适当的关系词填空 Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. In our class there are 46 students of whom half wear glasses. She is such a nice girl_as we all like.四、关系副词的基本用法关系副词

15、when, why, where在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、原因、地点的先 行词，并分别在从句中作时间、原因、地点状语。另外关系副词也可根据其在句 中的搭配关系，转换成“介词+关系代词”的结构。关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用when表示时间的名词时间状语where表本地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词（只用 reason）原因状语We don't know the exact time when （= at which ） the English Evening will be held.我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。（时间状语）Beijing is the place

16、 where（ = in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。（地点状语）Is this the reason why（ = for which ） he refused our offe?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？（原因状语）名师点津先行词是time的情况当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲，应用when或“at/during+ which”引导 定语从句。This is the second time (hat) the president has visited the coun

17、try.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。This is at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。即时训练4用适当的关系词填空 The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read t

18、his book and know my feelings for her. We don't know the reasonwhy they didn t keep their promise.五、使用关系副词的注意事项1 .当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which,或省略不用。We admirethe way (that/in which ) he solved the problem.我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。2 .表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, life, poi

19、nt 等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。There arecases where( = in which ) the word “ mighty" is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty 一词可用作副词。3 . occasion, period等作先行词时，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词when。 There areoccasions when( = on which) one must yield.任何人者 B 有不得不屈®的时 候。(时间X龙语)即时训练5用适当的关系词填空 Today we

20、9;ll discuss some cases where parents have difficulty in communicating with their kids.The way that he looks at problems is wrong.©Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience.语法应用落实I .单句语法填空1. That is the girl to whom you talked just now.2. Do you know the name of th

21、at girl whose brother is your roommat?3. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.4. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.5. It is the first American film that I' ve ever seen.

22、6. Happiness and success often come to thosewho are good at recognizing their own strengths.7. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/that allows them to communicate freely with each other.8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.9. Do you know the reason why he was so sorry10. The English play in which my students acted at the New Yeas party was a great success.葭用限制性定语从句合并句子1. I invited the boy